Table Of Content

Mohammad Sadegh Montazeri Psychotherapist’s Guide to Socratic Dialogue Psychotherapist's Guide to Socratic Dialogue Mohammad Sadegh Montazeri Psychotherapist's Guide to Socratic Dialogue Mohammad Sadegh Montazeri Golestan University Gorgan, Iran ISBN 978-3-031-07971-9 ISBN 978-3-031-07972-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07972-6 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland I dedicate this book to my wife, Bahar. The spring of my life. Preface Socratic questioning attracted me at the beginning of my study of cognitive behav- ioral therapy (CBT). I said to myself: I must read more references to master this technique. But surprisingly, I did not find the relevant content about Socratic ques- tioning. However, I thought that I was a novice therapist yet. Therefore, I was hop- ing to find a comprehensive manual. The CBT approach has stated numerous benefits of Socratic dialogue, and many theorists recommend that therapists administer Socratic dialogue. However, after reading books and articles, I found out that no protocol has explained the Socratic method step by step (Clark & Egan, 2015). Moreover, there is scarce research about Socratic dialogue. Overholser states that one reason for little research is that Socrates investigated abstract concepts such as courage and justice (2018). It is difficult to conduct empirical studies on these abstract subjects. However, with effort and creativity, we can empirically study the Socratic method. I recommend many research topics in Chap. 11. In this step, I decided to move on to the main field of Socrates’ upbringing (i.e., philosophy and logic). I found out there are methods for examining the validity of thoughts in the realm of classical logic. Aaron T. Beck described methods for evalu- ating the functionality of thinking. However, there are no precise methods to exam- ine the functionality and rationality of thoughts in CBT. I have tried to study logic since then and conducted better Socratic questioning. Because I decided to teach these methods to other therapists, I began writing this book. I am hopeful this book will help therapists better evaluate their clients’ thoughts. I wrote this book based on CBT because that is my approach. However, thera- pists can use Socratic dialogue in other therapeutic approaches. Almost all thera- pists need to ask questions, and the current book could be a good source for it. I bring a variety of Socratic questions extracted from my clinical experience. For the sake of confidentiality, I changed characteristics such as the age, name, job, and gender of clients, and any resemblance to someone is coincidental. Although Socratic dialogue takes a lot of time in therapy sessions, I express these dialogues briefly in the current book. vii viii Preface Finally, I have to admit that I am a novice student of logic, and maybe you will find some errors in this book. If you have a specialty in rationality or psychotherapy, your feedback will help me improve the current book. Gorgan, Iran Mohammad Sadegh Montazeri References Clark, G. I., & Egan, S. J. (2015). The Socratic method in cognitive behavioural therapy: A nar- rative review. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 39(6), 863–879. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10608- 015- 9707- 3 Overholser, J. C. (2018). The Socratic method of psychotherapy. Columbia University Press. Contents 1 Introduction to the Socratic Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 The Definition of the Socratic Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Benefits of the Socratic Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Time to Use the Socratic Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 How to Use Socratic Dialogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 The Aim of Socratic Questioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 The Amount of the Implementation of the Socratic Dialogue . . . . . . . . 12 Steps for Presenting Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Time to Use the Didactic Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 The Features of Socratic Dialogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 The Stages of Socratic Questioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Difficulties During the Questioning Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Interrogation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 The Therapist’s Error in Recognizing a Thought as Dysfunctional . . 16 Hastiness to Conclude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 The Demand of Clients for Guidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 The Extreme Emotions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 The Client’s “I Do Not Know” Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 The Socratic Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2 Socratic Method in Psychotherapies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Cognitive Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Beck’s Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Critiques to Cognitive-Behavior Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Philosophical Counseling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 ix x Contents 3 Logic and Argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Definition of Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Application of Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Deductive Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 The Kinds of Inductive Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Reasoning Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Evaluating the Validity of Deductive Reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Propositions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Immediate Inferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Categorical Syllogism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 4 Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Term Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Predicable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Definition Kinds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Defining Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Clinical Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 5 Propositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Judgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Subject and Predicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Categorical Propositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Distribution of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Change Propositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Immediate Inference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Another Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Obversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Contraposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Contradiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 The Square of Opposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 An Example of a Violation of the Subject’s Unity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Translating Ordinary Language Statements into Categorical Form . . . . 79 Tricky Propositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 6 Argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Meanings of Because . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Contents xi How to Detect an Argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Types of Argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Combining Deductive and Inductive Reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Psychotherapeutic Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Deductive Reasoning in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Syllogism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Examining the Validity of the Syllogism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Aristotle Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Enthymeme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Chain Syllogism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Compound Syllogism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Conditional Syllogism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Disjunctive Syllogism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Conjunctive Syllogism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Transforming Syllogism into Different Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Dilemma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Arguments in Daily Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 How to Locate an Argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 The Distinction Between Arguments and Non-argument Forms . . . . . . 111 Argument and Disagreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Argument and Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Argument Versus Explanation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Identifying Implicit Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Implicit Argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Ideological Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Necessary and Sufficient Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Variable Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Facts and Opinions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 7 Inductive Reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Inductive Reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Theories of Assessing the Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 The Relative Frequency Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 The Subjective Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Clinical Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Generalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Inductive Reasoning with Elimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Inductive Reasoning Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Assuming a Causal Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 False Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Analogical Reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Extending an Analogy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Criteria for Evaluating an Analogy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

ebook img

Psychotherapist's Guide to Socratic Dialogue PDF

265 Pages·2022·5.526 MB·English
by  Mohammad Sadegh Montazeri
#Philosophy #Other Social Sciences
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download

Download Psychotherapist's Guide to Socratic Dialogue PDF Free - Full Version

by Mohammad Sadegh Montazeri| 2022| 265 pages| 5.526| English

Download Psychotherapist's Guide to Socratic Dialogue by Mohammad Sadegh Montazeri in PDF format completely FREE. No registration required, no payment needed. Get instant access to this valuable resource on PDFdrive.to!

Free Download PDF

About Psychotherapist's Guide to Socratic Dialogue

No description available for this book.

Detailed Information

Author:Mohammad Sadegh Montazeri
Publication Year:2022
ISBN:9783031079719
Pages:265
Language:English
File Size:5.526
Format:PDF
Price:FREE
Download Free PDF

Safe & Secure Download - No registration required

Why Choose PDFdrive for Your Free Psychotherapist's Guide to Socratic Dialogue Download?

  • 100% Free: No hidden fees or subscriptions required for one book every day.
  • No Registration: Immediate access is available without creating accounts for one book every day.
  • Safe and Secure: Clean downloads without malware or viruses
  • Multiple Formats: PDF, MOBI, Mpub,... optimized for all devices
  • Educational Resource: Supporting knowledge sharing and learning

Free Books Similar to Psychotherapist's Guide to Socratic Dialogue

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it really free to download Psychotherapist's Guide to Socratic Dialogue PDF?

Yes, on https://PDFdrive.to you can download Psychotherapist's Guide to Socratic Dialogue by Mohammad Sadegh Montazeri completely free. We don't require any payment, subscription, or registration to access this PDF file. For 3 books every day.

How can I read Psychotherapist's Guide to Socratic Dialogue on my mobile device?

After downloading Psychotherapist's Guide to Socratic Dialogue PDF, you can open it with any PDF reader app on your phone or tablet. We recommend using Adobe Acrobat Reader, Apple Books, or Google Play Books for the best reading experience.

Is this the full version of Psychotherapist's Guide to Socratic Dialogue?

Yes, this is the complete PDF version of Psychotherapist's Guide to Socratic Dialogue by Mohammad Sadegh Montazeri. You will be able to read the entire content as in the printed version without missing any pages.

Is it legal to download Psychotherapist's Guide to Socratic Dialogue PDF for free?

https://PDFdrive.to provides links to free educational resources available online. We do not store any files on our servers. Please be aware of copyright laws in your country before downloading.

The materials shared are intended for research, educational, and personal use in accordance with fair use principles.

We use cookies

We use cookies to ensure you get the best browsing experience on our website. By clicking "Accept Cookies", you agree that we can store cookies on your device in accordance with our Terms and Privacy.