Table Of ContentA UNIQUE FOCUS
ON VISUAL LEARNING
Throughout this edition, new figures bring abstract concepts to life for students. The
third edition supports visual learners with clear, attractive graphics that stimulate
students’ thinking skills and drive home their understanding of key concepts.
FIGURE 6.24 Scientific Method: Bandura’s Bobo Doll Studies
Hypothesis: Children can acquire behaviours through observation.
Research Method:
1 Two groups of preschool children were shown a film of an adult playing with a large
inflatable doll called Bobo.
2 One group saw the adult play quietly with the doll (activity not shown below).
3 The other group saw the adult attack the doll (activity shown in top row below).
FIGURE 5.28 Try for Yourself:
Simultaneous Contrast
Look at the colours of the central squares
in each pair. Do they look the same or
different?
Result: When children were allowed to play with the doll later, those who had seen the
aggressive display were more than twice as likely to act aggressively toward the doll.
Conclusion: Exposing children to violence may encourage them to act aggressively.
Scientific Method illustrations care-
fully and consistently lead students
through the steps of some of the
most interesting experiments and
studies.
Try for Yourself fi gures allow
students to be their own research
subjects and to experience the
methods of psychological science.
Result: The central squares in each pair are
identical, but they look different because
of the different background colours. For
example, most people see the grey square
that is surrounded with red as lighter than
the grey square surrounded with green.
If you doubt that the central squares are
identical, cover the surrounding portions of
each square.
How We . . . figures take students step by step
through complex processes such as how we
hear and how we see.
FIGURE 5.14 How We Hear
1 Stimuli 2 Receptor 5 Pathway to the brain 6 Resulting perception
Variations in air pressure These sound waves move These signals travel along the As a result, you hear
produce sound waves that through the outer ear and make auditory nerve to the brain’s the sound.
arrive at the ear. the eardrum vibrate, and then… primary auditory cortex.
Primary auditory
cortex
Thalamus
Outer ear Middle ear Inner ear
Semicircular
Oval window canals
Hammer
Ossicles Anvil Auditory nerve
SSSSSSSoooooooooouuuunnnddddddddd Stirrup (to brain)
Cochlea
Auditory canal
Eardrum
(tympanic
3 …move through the
membrane) 4 …creating pressure waves in
middle ear, causing
the inner ear’s fluid that bend
the ossicles to vibrate.
hair cells and cause neurons
The ossicles’ vibration
on the basilar membrane to fire
causes the oval window
Outer duct neural signals.
to vibrate…
Inner duct
Sound vibrations
from oval window
Basilar Hair cells
membrane
Basilar
To oval window membrane
Sound causes
basilar membrane Outer duct
Cochlea, partially to wave up and
uncoiled down
Pressure wave
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Psychological Science
Third Canadian Edition
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Psychological science / Michael S.Gazzaniga ...[et al.].— 3rd Canadian ed.
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1. Psychology—Textbooks. I. Gazzaniga,Michael S. II. Title.
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Psychological Science
Third Canadian Edition
Michael S. Gazzaniga
University of California, Santa Barbara
Todd F. Heatherton
Dartmouth College
Diane F. Halpern
Claremont McKenna College
Steven J. Heine
University of British Columbia
W. W. NORTON & COMPANY
NEW YORK ■ LONDON
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We dedicate this book to
Lilly, Emmy, Garth, and Dante Tretheway
Sarah Heatherton and James Heatherton
Sheldon, Evan, Karen,Amanda, and Jason Halpern
and Jaye, Danny, and Belle Halpern-Duncan
Nariko Takayanagi, Seiji Heine, and Kokoro Heine
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