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Exam Q,u^stion
Mahmoud Sewilam
Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine
Cairo University
مﻠﻌﻟا رﺷﻧ ﺔﯾﻧﺑ ﮫﺛﯾدﺣﺗ مﻋداو بﺎﺗﻛﻟا كﻌﻔﻧ اذإ كﺗﺧﺳﻧ يرﺗﺷا
مﻠﻌﻟا رﺷﻧ ﺔﯾﻧﺑ ﮫﺛﯾدﺣﺗ مﻋداو بﺎﺗﻛﻟا كﻌﻔﻧ اذإ كﺗﺧﺳﻧ يرﺗﺷا
Psychiatry Made Easy
By:
Mahmoud Sewilam
Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine
Cairo University
Second Edition
مﻠﻌﻟا رﺷﻧ ﺔﯾﻧﺑ ﮫﺛﯾدﺣﺗ مﻋداو بﺎﺗﻛﻟا كﻌﻔﻧ اذإ كﺗﺧﺳﻧ يرﺗﺷا
مﻠﻌﻟا رﺷﻧ ﺔﯾﻧﺑ ﮫﺛﯾدﺣﺗ مﻋداو بﺎﺗﻛﻟا كﻌﻔﻧ اذإ كﺗﺧﺳﻧ يرﺗﺷا
All thanks to Allah and special thanks for
all those people who are always encouraging
1
me to do more than my best and who have
never stopped believing in me,
Thanks for:
V My father, you are the greatest gift I have ever taken from Allah, you
gave me the greatest gift anyone could wish; you believed in me.
V My mother, the most beautiful woman I ever saw. All I am I owe to my
mother. I attribute all my success in life to the moral, intellectual and
physical education I received from her.
V My brothers;
¤ Mohammed, when I talk about love I talk about you.
Thanks for all of your advices to me & for the attracting design.
¤ Ahmed, thanks for supporting me every time.
V My little beautiful sister. Reman: you are a gift to my heart, a friend to
my spirit & a golden thread to the meaning of life.
V My friends, I love you all, and special thanks for Mohammed Hassan,
without your efforts this book would have never seen the light.
V For my students: you should always do more than your best, be yourself,
be the change that you want, don't let anyone break you, you are the
future, make it always full of whatever you want.
V For her!
I would like to tell you that I love you so much!
You are the only one who deserves my feelings, time, effort
and everything I have, that's for you!
Finally I dedicate you my success.
Mahmoud Sewilam
Email: [email protected]
Mobile No.: 01008855731
مﻠﻌﻟا رﺷﻧ ﺔﯾﻧﺑ ﮫﺛﯾدﺣﺗ مﻋداو بﺎﺗﻛﻟا كﻌﻔﻧ اذإ كﺗﺧﺳﻧ يرﺗﺷا
-v.
مﻠﻌﻟا رﺷﻧ ﺔﯾﻧﺑ ﮫﺛﯾدﺣﺗ مﻋداو بﺎﺗﻛﻟا كﻌﻔﻧ اذإ كﺗﺧﺳﻧ يرﺗﺷا
Table of Contents
Chapter number Name Page
1. 1. Introduction 1
2. II. Etiology of Psychiatric Disorders 2
3. III. Psychiatric Symptoms and Signs 3
4. IV. Organic Mental Disorders 17
5. V. Psychosomatic Disorders 22
6. VI. Substance Abuse and Dependence 23
7. VII. Anxiety Disorders 31
8. VIII. Somatoform Disorders 38
9. IX. Dissociative Disorders
40
Adjustment Disorders
10. X.
11. XI. Mood Disorders 42
12. XII. Schizophrenia 45
13. XIII. Delusional Disorders 48
14. XIV. Psychosexual Disorders 49
15. XV. Eating Disorders 52
16. XVI. Child Psychiatry 54
17. XVII. Mental Retardation 57
18. XVIII. Personality Disorders 58
19. XIX. Psychopharmacology 60
20. XX. Electro Convulsive Therapy 66
21. XXI. Psychotherapies 67
22. XXII. Psychiatric Emergencies 72
Questions
مﻠﻌﻟا رﺷﻧ ﺔﯾﻧﺑ ﮫﺛﯾدﺣﺗ مﻋداو بﺎﺗﻛﻟا كﻌﻔﻧ اذإ كﺗﺧﺳﻧ يرﺗﺷا
مﻠﻌﻟا رﺷﻧ ﺔﯾﻧﺑ ﮫﺛﯾدﺣﺗ مﻋداو بﺎﺗﻛﻟا كﻌﻔﻧ اذإ كﺗﺧﺳﻧ يرﺗﺷا
CHAPTER I: Introduction
IJ Psvchiatrv & Psycholo
v Psychiatry v Psychology: Jj®!' liljLu o-jJjj
v [
)efinition
• B ranch of Medicine that deals with the • T he scientific study of individual human behavior e.g.
diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric thinking
disorders. • H uman behavior in groups is the domain of sociology.
• P sychiatric disorders are disorders in • I t is NOT concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of
mental or psychological functions e.g. disorders of these functions.
disorders of thinking. • P sychology is NOT a branch of medicine.
I. Psychiatric disorders are widely spread, may be more prevalent than most other medical disorders.
II. In October 2001, the WHO Yearly Report cited Four Psychiatric Disorders among the top ten diseases
that caused worldwide disability in all age groups ;
1. Unipolar Depression (ranked 1st).
2. Alcohol Use Disorders (ranked 5th).
3. Schizophrenia (ranked 7th). A!
4. Bipolar Mood disorder (ranked 2th).
s. T he Mind-Brain Relationship ; da ^
A. The mind and brain are understood as one and the same.
B. Mind is the product of biological processes in the hrain visualized by special neuroimaging techniques.
C. For example, Consolidation of memory is now believed to be the product of long term potentiation
inside the neuron.
uC-
D. Brain plasticity:
• T he ability of brain synapse to alter its configuration in response to experience, y..
4. Evaluation of Normality and Abnormality :
v In psychiatry, a person is considered abnormal (disordered) if he displays two major
characteristics:
1. Clear psychiatric symptoms and signs:
> Leading to significant distress to the patient or suffering to others
> Should not occur in normal life, such as hallucinations and delusions.
2. Manifest decline in social and vocational adjnstment:
> Psychiatric patients always perform at a lower level than expected making them a great economic
burden and a source of lots of familial and social problems.
1
مﻠﻌﻟا رﺷﻧ ﺔﯾﻧﺑ ﮫﺛﯾدﺣﺗ مﻋداو بﺎﺗﻛﻟا كﻌﻔﻧ اذإ كﺗﺧﺳﻧ يرﺗﺷا
CHAPTER II: Etiology of Psychiatric Disorders
v The complexity of Psychiatric Disorders arise from :
1. Interaction of combined factors together to develop psyehiatrie disorders i.e. uy '"
the Bio — Psycho-Social Model of Etiology fj
1. Separation of time between the cause & effect.
n £
v Etiology of Psychiatric Disorders : v
1. Biological Factors
A. Genetic Factors : ^ ii^
• E videnced by genetic studies_e.g. Adoption studies
• Mode of inheritance is £olygenic
• I nteraction of Combined factors may be necessary to develop psychiatric disorders e.g. genetic
factors with environmental factors or psvehosoeial
• T he Degree of genetic contribution to disorder Differs in relation to Different psychiatric disorders.
B. ^turochemical and neuroendocrine factors :
> Dvsregulation in neurotransmitters > Dvsflmction in neuroendocrine sv.stems
e.g. Schizophrenia —»• dysfunctions in e.g. Depressive Disorders hypothalamo-
dopamine & serotonin pituitary-adrenal axis over activity.
C. Neuronhvsioloeical and neuronatholoeical factors:
> Neuronathological changes in brain anatomical
> Neuronhvsiological fi e. functionab changes
structures —»• psychiatric disorders.
e.g. changes in cerebral blood flow —>■
psychiatric disorders.
NB: 'Neurochemical. neuroendocrine. neuvophysioloeical & neuropatholopical represent the
biological mechanisms mediating the disease process i.e. they are Intermt^diatp. Cau\fis rather than
being the original causes of disorder.
2. Psychological Factors
> Start since early stages of child development:
A. Traumatic psychological experiences e.g. sexual abuse
B. Defective development of personality e.g. defective needs by caregivers.
C. Pathological patterns of relationships e.g. conflicts with parents
3. Social Factors
A. Stressful life events, e.g. death of loved people
B. ^tresses of^pcial milieu, e.g. stresses related to social class
C. Society nature e.g. rural versus urban
مﻠﻌﻟا رﺷﻧ ﺔﯾﻧﺑ ﮫﺛﯾدﺣﺗ مﻋداو بﺎﺗﻛﻟا كﻌﻔﻧ اذإ كﺗﺧﺳﻧ يرﺗﺷا
