Table Of Content1998. The Journal of Arachnology 26:429-441
PSEIJDOSCORPION GROUPS WITH BIPOLAR
DISTRIBUTIONS: A NEW GENUS FROM TASMANIA RELATED
TO THE HOLARCTIC SYARINUS
(ARACHNIDA, PSEUDOSCORPIONES', SYARINIDAE)
Mark S. Harvey: Department of Terrestrial Invertebrates, Western Australian
Museum, Francis Street, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
ABSTRACT. A new genus Anysrius is proposed for two new species from Tasmania, Australia: A.
chamberlini (type species) and A. brochus. Anysrius represents the sister-genus to the northern hemisphere
genus Syarinus Chamberlin, but males differ in differences in the morphology of sternite II and IV. The
biogeographic aspects of the new discovery are examined, and the Syarinus-Anysrius Glade is considered
to represent an ancient relict which evolved prior to the breakup of Pangea during the Mesozoic. This
distribution pattern is considered to be `bipolar' and is compared with that of the pseudoscorpion family
Pseudogarypidae, which is also known from Tasmania and the Holarctic .
Recognizable bipolar or amphi-arctic distri- Arthropods, Gainesville (FSCA); Museum of
butions (i.e., where extant taxa occur in north- Victoria, Melbourne (NMV); Tasmanian Muse-
ern and southern latitudes but are absent from um and Art Gallery, Hobart (TMAG); and
tropical zones) seem to be uncommon Western Australian Museum, Perth (WAM).
amongst arachnids, with probably one of the Terminology follows Chamberlin (1931) and
most clear-cut examples being the pseudo- Harvey (1992), with measurements being taken
scorpion family Pseudogarypidae. This family to the nearest 0.005 mm.
is represented by a sole Tasmanian genus and
TAXONOMY
species, Neopseudogarypus scutellatus Morris
1948, six North American species of Pseu- Syarinidae Chamberlin
dogarypus Ellingsen 1909, and three Tertiary
Syarinidae Chamberlin 1930: 38; Harvey 1991a:
species of Pseudogarypus described from Eu- 417 (full synonymy).
ropean Baltic Amber (see Harvey 1991a).
Similar distribution patterns were reported
Remarks.-The Syarinidae were character-
for the pseudoscorpion family Syarinidae by
ized by Muchmore (1982a, 1982b) and Har-
Harvey (1996), who briefly discussed the oc-
vey (1992), but there are several morpholog-
currence of a new genus from Tasmania which
ical anomalies in some genera which suggest
appeared to be most similar to Syarinus
that the family may not be monophyletic.
Chamberlin 1925 from North America and
Muchmore (1982b) highlighted the presence
Europe. I here take the opportunity to examine
of a shortened and lanceolate trichobothrium
in more detail the taxonomic and biogeo-
t, a character state found in Syarinus, Ideobis-
graphic anomalies posed by the Tasmanian
ium Balzan 1892, Ideoblothrus Balzan 1892,
species, and also examine the presence of ster-
Nannobisium Beier 1931, Chitrella Beier
nal modifications in. male syarinids.
1932 and Microblothrus Mahnert 1985
The material examined during this study is
(Muchmore 1982b; Mahnert 1985; Harvey,
lodged in the following repositories: American
pers. obs.), and the new genus described be-
Museum of Natural History, New York
low. However, t is acuminate and not partic-
(AMNH); Australian National Insect Collection,
ularly shortened in the remaining syarinid
Canberra (ANIC); Florida State Collection of
genera Microcreagrina Beier 1961, Micro-
creagrella Beier 1961, Hadoblothrus Beier
'The name Pseudoscorpiones is used in preference 1952, Pseudoblothrus Beier 1931 and Trog-
over Pseudoscorpionida or Chelonethida, based lobisium Beier 1939 (Muchmore 1982b). The
upon a directive from CIDA (Anonymous 1996) . nature of t inAglaochitra Chamberlin 1952 is
429
430 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY
unknown, as is that of Chitrellina Muchmore eb, esb, ib, isb and ist situated in basal portion
1996 due to the loss of both trichobothria in of fixed finger; isb situated on internal face of
the sole specimen (see Muchmore 1996). fixed chelal finger; sb, st and t closely spaced
The Australian syarinid fauna consists of near middle of movable finger; t lanceolate
two described species of Ideoblothrus, nu- (Fig. 5). Chelicera (Figs. 11, 24, 25): hand
merous undescribed species of Ideoblothrus with 5 setae, movable finger with 1 sub-distal
and Ideobisium (Harvey 1991b; unpubl. data), seta; lamina exterior and velum absent; fla-
and two undescribed species of a new genus gellum composed of 6 blades, the 4 distal
from Tasmania, which is clearly unrelated to blades with several anteriorly-directed spi-
either Ideoblothrus or Ideobisium. nules (Figs. 14, 27); galea of d small and usu-
The two genera discussed below share a ally acuminate (Figs. 12, 24), of ? trifurcate
number of significant apomorphic features, with each ramus terminally trifurcate or bi-
which clearly place them as sister-groups. furcate (Figs. 13, 25). Carapace (Figs. 10, 23):
These include: (1) trichobothrium isb situated subquadrate, with 1 pair of eyes, anterior eyes
on internal margin of fixed chelal finger; (2) small and flat, posterior eyes absent. Pleural
pedipalpal coxa rounded and with 2 setae; (3) membrane generally longitudinally striate, al-
junction between femur and patella IV strong- though near cephalic region it becomes slight-
ly oblique; (4) male sternite IV with one or ly granulate. d sternite II with median cribrate
median cribrate areas. area and external lobe (Figs. 16, 29); d ster-
In order to interpret the similarities and dif- nite IV with single median cribrate area (Figs .
ferences between the Tasmanian and Holarctic 16, 29), but apparently without associated
species, I here fully describe the Tasmanian glands. Male genital atrium without internal
species and make observations upon some setae. Female genitalia (Figs. 18, 31) with 1
species of Syarinus. median and 2 small lateral cribriform plates,
with very few pores; spermathecae absent.
Anysrius new genus Spiracles simple, with spiracular helix; ante-
Type species..Anysrius chamberlini new rior pair of tracheae long, ramifying into
species. tracheoles when above coxae IV; posterior
Etymology.-The generic epithet is an an- pair of tracheae short, ramifying into trach-
agram of Syarinus, and is masculine in gender. eoles almost immediately; spiracular plates
Diagnosis.-Distinguished from all Syar- with setae. Legs: (Figs. 8, 9, 28) Junction be-
inidae, except Syarinus, by the presence of tri- tween femur and patella I nearly perpendicu-
chobothrium isb situated on internal face of lar; femora I and II without basi-dorsal
fixed chelal finger (Figs. 1, 6, 19, 22), apex mound; junction between femur and patella
of pedipalpal coxa rounded and with 2 setae, IV strongly oblique; metatarsus and tarsus of
the strongly oblique junction between femur all legs separate; subterminal tarsal seta acu-
and patella IV (Figs. 9, 28); subterminal tarsal minate; arolium slightly shorter than claws.
seta acuminate (Figs. 8, 9, 28); and male ster- Included species.Anysrius chamberlini
nite IV with median cribrate area (Figs. 16, new species and A. brochus new species.
29), but apparently without associated glands. Distribution.-Apparently endemic to Tas-
Anysrius differs from Syarinus by male ster- mania.
nite II bearing an external lobe and median Remarks.-Although the two species re-
cribrate area (Figs. 16, 29), and the single me- ferred to Anysrius below are clearly sister-
dian cribrate area of male sternite IV (Figs. groups, there may be grounds for the place-
16, 29). ment of each species in a separate genus. This
Description.-Pedipalps: Apex of coxa is solely based upon autapomorphies present
rounded and with 2 setae; chelal fingers some- in males of each species. In A. chamberlini,
what curved; chelal teeth contiguous (Figs. 1- the male pedipalpal patella bears numerous
4, 19-21); venom apparatus absent from mov- small specialized blunt setae which are lack-
able finger; venom duct of fixed finger short ing in Syarinus andA. brochus, and inA. bro-
(Figs. 1-4, 19-21). Fixed chelal finger with 8 chus the male movable cheliceral finger bears
trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 4 tri- several dorsal protuberances which are lack-
chobothria (Figs. 1, 22); trichobothria est, et ing in Syarinus and A. chamberlini. However,
and it situated in distal portion of fixed finger, the two species share two apomorphies lack-
HARVEY-NEW TASMANIAN GENUS OF SYARINIDAE 431
ing in all other syarinids, including Syarinus: pace red-brown, legs slightly paler, remainder
male sternite II with an external lobe and a of body pale. Pedipalps (Fig. 6): apex of coxa
median cribrate area. For this reason, it seems rounded and with 2 setae; trochanter 1.96 (d),
prudent to retain them in a single genus until 1.89 (? ), femur 2.83 (J), 2.69 (? ), patella
further species are discovered and until a de- 2.00 (6), 1.95 (? ), chela (with pedicel) 2.93
tailed review of the morphology of members (6), 2.90 (Y), chela (without pedicel) 2.73 (6,
of the genus Syarinus can be undertaken (see ? ), hand (without pedicel) 1.13 (6), 1.33 (Y)
below). times longer than broad, movable finger 1.45
The external lobe found on male sternite II (6), 1.06 (?) times longer than hand (without
of Anysrius spp. is apparently unique within pedicel). Anterior face of femur and internal
the Pseudoscorpiones, and its function is com- face of chela very slightly granulate ; patella
pletely unknown. It is very weakly sclerotized with ca. 25 dorsal specialized blunt setae (Fig.
and although it bears a number of small ex- 7). Fixed chelal finger with 8 trichobothria,
ternal pores (Figs. 16, 29), no internal glan- movable chelal finger with 4 trichobothria
dular system could be detected which may (Fig. 1); est, et and it situated in distal portion
connect to the lobe. of fixed finger, eb, esb, ib, isb and ist situated
in basal portion of fixed finger; isb situated on
internal face of fixed chelal finger; sb, st and
Anysrius chamberlini new species
t closely spaced near middle of movable fin-
(Figs. 1-18)
ger; t lanceolate (Fig. 5). Chelal teeth contig-
Undescribed genus and species.-Harvey 1990:
uous (Fig. 1), fixed finger with 34 (d), 30 (? ),
158-159, fig. 4; Harvey 1996: 258.
and movable finger with 39 (d), 35 (?) teeth.
Types.-Male holotype from Frodshams Chelicera (Fig. 11): hand with 5 setae, mov-
Pass, Tasmania, Australia [42'49'S, able finger with 1 sub-distal seta; fixed finger
146°23'E], thamnic rainforest litter, 18 No- with 14 (d), 13 (?) teeth on inner surface;
vember 1988 (P Greenslade) (ANIC, spirit). movable finger with 11 (6, ?) teeth on inner
Paratypes, all from Australia: Tasmania: 2 ? , surface; serrula exterior with 19 (d, ?) la-
1 tritonymph, same data as holotype (ANIC, mellae; flagellum of 6 blades, the 4 distal
spirit); 161Y, 2 km S. of Frodshams Pass, blades with several anteriorly-directed spi-
42°50'S, 146°23'E, rainforest litter berlesate, nules (Fig. 14); galea of d small and usually
24 January 1983 (I.3D. Naumann, J.C. Cardale) acuminate, but trifurcate on left chelicera of
(ANIC, slides); 1 deutonymph, Frodshams holotype (Fig. 12), of ? trifurcate with each
Pass, in rainforest leaf litter, 23 March 1985 ramus terminally trifurcate or bifurcate (Fig.
(P Greenslade) (ANIC, spirit); 1 protonymph, 15). Carapace (Fig. 10) with a total of 32 (d),
Frodshams Pass, 42°49'S, 146'23'E, rainforest 28 (?) setae, including 4 setae on anterior
leaf litter and log debris, 22 November 1986 margin and 8 setae on posterior margin, 1.01
(M.S. Harvey, PK. Lillywhite) (WAM, spirit); (6), 0.91 (?) times longer than broad; 2 small
81? , 2 tritonymphs, 2 deutonymphs, divide eyes, posterior pair absent. Pleural membrane
between Huon and Florentine Rivers, Scotts generally longitudinally striate, although near
Peak Road, 42°48'S, 146°22'E, ex moss, myr- the cephalic region it becomes slightly gran-
tle forest, 3 May 1973 (J.L. Hickman) ulate. Tergal chaetotaxy: d, 10: 11: 12: 15:
(TMAG, spirit); 1 ? , 1 tritonymph, 1 deuto- 14: 14: 17: 15: 13: 13: 5: 2; 4, 10: 10: 13:
nymph, same data (WAM, spirit). 14: 15: 15: 15: 15: 14: 12: 4: 2. Sternal
Etymology.-The specific epithet is in chaetotaxy: d, 12: (2)15[0](2): (2)15(2): 12:
honor of Joseph Conrad Chamberlin. 16: 16: 16: 15: 12: 7: 2; ?, 8: (1)14(2):
Diagnosis.-Males of A. chamberlini dif- (2)11(2): 13: 15: 14: 14: 14: 12: 6: 2. Genital
fers from those of A. brochus by the lack of opercula of ? not unusual; those of d with
external teeth on the movable cheliceral finger median cribrate area on sternite II and on ster-
(Fig. 11), and the presence of ca. 25 dorsal nite IV (Fig. 16), sternite II with external lobe
specialized blunt setae on the dorsal surface (Fig. 16). Male genitalia (Fig. 17) lateral apo-
of the pedipalpal patella (Figs. 6, 7). Females deme and lateral rod fused along entire length;
differ by the poorly granulate pedipalpal fe- ejaculatory canal atrium large; median genital
mur and chelal hand. sac undivided; genital atrium without internal
Description.Adults: Pedipalps and cara- setae. Female genitalia (Fig. 18) with 1 me-
432 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY
Figures 1-15.-Anysrius chamberlini new species, male holotype unless stated otherwise. 1-4, Left
chelae, lateral: 1, Male; 2, Tritonymph paratype; 3, Deutonymph paratype; 4, Protonymph paratype; 5,
Trichobothrium t; 6, Right pedipalp, dorsal; 7, Right pedipalpal patella, showing detail of specialized blunt
setae; 8, Left leg I; 9, Left leg IV; 110, Carapace; 11, Left chelicera, dorsal; 12, Galea; 13, Galea, female
paratype; 14, Flagellum; 15, Carapace, anterior margin, protonymph.
HARVEY-NEW TASMANIAN GENUS OF SYARINIDAE 433
a
18
Figures 16-18.Anysrius chamberlini new species. 16-17, Male paratype: 16, Genital sternites, ven-
tral; 17, Genitalia, ventral; 18, Genitalia, ventral, female paratype.
than and 2 small lateral cribriform plates, with mur 2.58, patella 1.90, chela (with pedicel)
very few pores; spermathecae absent. Legs 3.00, chela (without pedicel) 2.79 times longer
(Figs. 8, 9): moderately stout; leg I with femur than broad. Fixed finger with 7 trichobothria,
1.25 (6), 1.32 (?) times longer than patella; movable finger with 3 trichobothria (Fig. 2);
junction between femur and patella I nearly eb, esb, est, et, ib, ist, it, b, sb and t present,
perpendicular; femur + patella IV 3.21 (d), t lanceolate and shorter than other trichoboth-
3.20 (?) times longer than deep; junction be- ria. Chelicera: galea trifurcate, 2 rami termi-
tween femur and patella IV strongly oblique; nally trifurcate, other bifurcate; hand with 5
tibia IV 3.40 (6), 3.67 (9) times longer than setae, movable finger with 1 seta; fixed finger
deep; tibia and metatarsus IV each with single with 11 teeth, movable finger with 12 teeth;
sub-proximal tactile seta; subterminal tarsal flagellum composed of 6 blades, the 3 distal
seta acuminate; arolium not divided distally, blades with several anteriorly-directed spi-
slightly shorter than claws. nules. Carapace 0.93 times longer than broad;
Dimensions (mm): Holotype d (paratype epistome absent; one pair of small eyes pres-
Y): Body length 1.570 (1.920). Pedipalps: tro- ent; with 26 setae including 4 setae on anterior
chanter 0.250/0.125 (0.255/0.135), femur margin and 8 setae on posterior margin. Legs
0.410/0.145 (0.430/0.160), patella 0.360/0.180 as in adult.
(0.360/0.185), chela (with pedicel) 0.660/ Dimensions (mm): Body length 1.630. Ped-
0.225 (0.740/0.255), chela (without pedicel) ipalps: trochanter 0.205/0.115, femur 0.335/
0.615 (0.695), hand length (without pedicel) 0.130, patella 0.285/0.150, chela (with pedi-
0.255 (0.340), movable finger length 0.370 cel) 0.585/0.195, chela (without pedicel)
(0.360). Chelicera 0.240/0.130 (0.270/0.155), 0.545, hand length (without pedicel) 0.280,
movable finger length 0.175 (0.200). Carapace movable finger length 0.270. Carapace 0.385/
0.410/0.405 (0.455/0.500); diameter of eye 0.415.
0.030 (0.025). Leg 1: femur 0.175/0.075 Deutonymph: Pedipalps: trochanter 1.74,
(0.185/0.080), patella 0.140/0.080 (0.140/ femur 2.50, patella 1.78, chela (with pedicel)
0.085), tibia 0.160/0.060 (0.175/0.060), meta- 3.03, chela (without pedicel) 2.86 times longer
tarsus 0.080/0.050 (0.085/0.050), tarsus 0.130/ than broad. Fixed finger with 6 trichobothria,
0.045 (0.130/0.045). Leg IV: femur + patella movable finger with 2 trichobothria (Fig. 3);
0.370/0.115 (0.400/0.125), tibia 0.255/0.075 eb, est, et, ib, ist, it, b and t present, tlanceo-
(0.275/0.075), metatarsus 0.095/0.60 (0.100/ late and slightly shorter than other trichoboth-
0.065), tarsus 0.145/0.055 (0.160/0.055). ria. Chelicera: galea trifurcate, 2 rami termi-
Tritonymph: Pedipalps: trochanter 1.78, fe- nally divided, 1 ramus bifurcate and 1
434 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY
trifurcate; hand with 5 setae, movable finger two, adjacent localities in south-western Tas-
with 1 setae; fixed finger with 9 teeth, mov- mania. The vegetation of both areas consists
able finger with 6 teeth; flagellum composed of remnant temperate rainforest, dominated by
of 6 blades, the 4 distal blades with several trees of the austral genus Nothofagus.
anteriorly-directed spinules. Carapace 1.13
times longer than broad; epistome absent; Anysrius brochus new species
eyes absent; with 20 setae, including 4 setae (Figs. 19-31)
on anterior margin and 4 setae on posterior Types.-Male holotype, 1 9 paratype and 1
margin. Legs as in adult. deutonymph paratype from 'Chatlee Road'
Dimensions (mm): Body length 0.700. Ped- site, Salmon River Forestry area, 41°04'S,
ipalps: trochanter 0.165/0.095, femur 0.250/ 144°52'E, ex litter, `47 year old Eucalyptus
0.100, patella 0.205/0.115, chela (with pedi- obliqua', wet sclerophyll, 19 March 1975 (J.L
cel) 0.440/0.145, chela (without pedicel) Hickman et al.) (TMAG J1861, slides). Para-
0.415, hand length (without pedicel) 0.190, types, all from Australia: Tasmania: 1 ? , 1
movable finger length 0.220. Carapace 0.300/ tritonymph, 'Chatlee Road 1' site, Salmon
0.265. River Forestry area, 41°04'S, 144°52'E,
Protonymph: Pedipalps: trochanter 1.63, fe- ground litter, `1926-planted Eucalyptus obli-
mur 2.06, patella 1.72, chela (with pedicel) qua', 27 August 1974 (J. Madden, L. Hill, A.
3.15, chela (without pedicel) 3.00 times longer Skuja) (TMAG J1687, spirit); 1 ?, 1 trito-
than broad. Fixed finger with 3 trichobothria, nymph, 'Chatlee Road 4' site, Salmon River
movable finger with 1 trichobothrium (Fig. 4); Forestry area, 41°04'S, 144°52'E, ground lit-
eb, et, ist and t present, t not lanceolate. Che- ter, `1926-planted Eucalyptus obliqua', 27
licera: galea trifurcate, one ramus terminally August 1974 (J. Madden, L. Hill, A. Skuja)
divided, others simple; hand with 4 setae, (TMAG J1726, spirit); 16, 1 deutonymph,
movable finger without setae; fixed finger 'Chatlee Road 8' site, Salmon River Forestry
with 7 teeth, movable finger with 7 teeth; fla- area, 41°04'S, 144°52'E, ground litter, '1928-
gellum composed of 5 blades, the 3 distal planted Eucalyptus obliqua', 29 November
blades with several anteriorly-directed spi- 1974 (J.L Hickman, J.L. Madden et al.)
nules. Carapace 0.93 times longer than broad; (TMAG J1691, spirit); 1 tritonymph, 2 deu-
an extremely small epistome present, consist- tonymphs, 'Chatlee Road' site, Salmon River
ing of 3 small, pointed processes (Fig. 15); Forestry area, 41°04'S, 144°52'E, ex soil, `46
eyes absent; with 20 setae including 4 setae year oldEucalyptus obliqua' forest, 19 March
on anterior margin and 4 setae on posterior 1975 (J.L. Hickman et al.) (TMAG J1793,
margin. Legs as in adult. spirit); 14 , 2 tritonymphs, 2 deutonymphs,
Dimensions (mm): Body length 0.620. Ped- 'Chatlee Road' area, Salmon River Forestry
ipalps: trochanter 0.130/0.080, femur 0.175/ area, 41°04'S, 144°52'E, ground litter, `1928
0.085, patella 0.155/0.090, chela (with pedi- Eucalyptus obliqua', 29 November 1974 (J.
cel) 0.360/0.115, chela (without pedicel) Madden, J.L. Hickman et al.) (TMAG J1692,
0.345, hand length (without pedicel) 0.165, spirit).
movable finger length 0.195. Carapace 0.250/ Etymology.-The specific epithet refers to
0.270. the cheliceral teeth of the male (brochusLatin,
Remarks.-The specialized blunt setae projection of teeth).
found on the male pedipalpal patella are ap- Diagnosis.-Distinguished from A. cham-
parently unique amongst the Pseudoscorpi- berlini by the possession of external teeth on
ones, and their morphology suggests they are the movable cheliceral finger of the male
modified setae rather than cuticular granules. (Figs. 24, 26), and by the absence of special-
They appear to sit in a small pit, which differs ized blunt setae on the male pedipalpal patella
somewhat from the setae found on the pedi- (Fig. 22). Females differ from those of A.
palp, since the rim is not as sharply defined. chamberlini by the strongly granulate pedi-
The cuticle from which they arise is otherwise palpal femur and chelal hand.
not modified and canals cannot be detected in Description.Adult: Pedipalps and cara-
them. They are completely absent in all pace red-brown, legs slightly paler, remainder
nymphs. of body pale. Pedipalps (Fig. 22): apex of
Anysrius chamberlini is known only from coxa rounded and with 2 setae; trochanter
HARVEY-NEW TASMANIAN GENUS OF SYARINIDAE 435
Figures 19-28.A.nysrius brochus new species, male holotype unless stated otherwise . 19-21, Left
chelae, lateral: 19, Male; 20, Tritonymph paratype; 21, Deutonymph paratype; 22, Right pedipalp, dorsal;
23, Carapace; 24, Left chelicera, dorsal, male paratype; 25, Left chelicera, dorsal, female paratype; 26,
Left movable cheliceral finger, lateral; 27, Flagellum; 28, Left leg IV.
1.96 (J, Y), femur 2.81 (d), 2.72 (Y), patella (6), 1.31 (?) times longer than broad, mov-
1.95 (6), 1.80 (Y), chela (with pedicel) 2.96 able finger 1.37 (6), 1.10 (4) times longer
(d), 3.00 (Y), chela (without pedicel) 2.73 than hand (without pedicel). Anterior face of
(6), 2.76 (Y), hand (without pedicel) 1.16 femur, and external and internal face of chelal
436 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY
30
10>
'Seli
Figures 29-31.-Anysrius brochus new species. 29-30, Male holotype: 29, Genital sternites, ventral;
30, Genitalia, ventral; 31, Genitalia, ventral, female paratype.
hand granulate. Fixed chelal finger with 8 tri- J, 14: (2)15[0](2): (2)15(2): 13: 14: ?: ?: ?:
chobothria, movable chelal finger with 4 tri- ?: ?: 2; ?, 5: (2)13(2): (2)10(2): 13: 13: 13:
chobothria (Fig. 19); est, et and it situated in 14: 13: 10: 8: 2. Genital opercula of female
distal portion of fixed finger, eb, esb, ib, isb not unusual; those of male (Figs. 29) with me-
and ist situated in basal portion of fixed finger; dian cribrate area on sternite II and on sternite
isb situated on internal face of fixed chelal IV, sternite II with external lobe. Male geni-
finger; sb, stand tclosely spaced, near middle talia (Fig. 30): lateral apodeme and lateral rod
of movable finger; t lanceolate. Chelal teeth fused for entire length; ejaculatory canal atri-
contiguous (Fig. 19), fixed finger with 35 (d), um large; median genital sac undivided; gen-
32 (?), and movable finger with 38 (d, ?) ital atrium without internal setae. Female gen-
teeth. Chelicera (Figs. 24, 25): hand with 5 italia (Fig. 31) with 1 circular median and 2
setae, movable finger with 1 sub-distal seta; small lateral cribriform plates, with very few
fixed finger with 10 (d), 15 (?) teeth on inner pores; spermathecae absent. Legs (Fig. 28):
surface; movable finger with 12 (d), 10 (? ) moderately stout; leg I with femur 1.44 (d),
teeth on inner face, dorsal surface of male 1.07 (?) times longer than patella; junction
with 7 lobed processes on external face (Figs . between femur I and patella I nearly perpen-
24, 26); serrula exterior with 25 (6), 23 (Y) dicular; femur + patella IV 2.93 (6), 2.72 (Y)
lamellae; flagellum of 6 blades, the 4 distal times longer than deep; junction between fe-
blades with several anteriorly-directed spi- mur IV and patella IV strongly oblique; tibia
nules (Fig. 27); galea of d small and acumi- IV 3.28 (d), 3.17 (?) times longer than deep;
nate, of ? trifurcate with each ramus termi- tibia and metatarsus IV each with single sub-
nally trifurcate or bifurcate. Carapace (Fig. proximal tactile seta; subterminal tarsal seta
23) with a total of 33 (d) or 32 (?) setae, acuminate; arolium not divided distally,
including 4 setae on anterior margin and 8 (Y) slightly shorter than claws.
or 9 (d) setae on posterior margin, 1 .09 (d), Dimensions (mm), holotype d (paratype
1.01 (?) times longer than broad; 2 small Y): Body length 1.52 (1.63). Pedipalps: tro-
eyes, posterior pair absent. Pleural membrane chanter 0.275/0.140 (0.275/0.140), femur
generally longitudinally striate, although near 0.435/0.155 (0.435/0.160), patella 0.390/0.200
cephalic region it becomes slightly granulate. (0.360/0.200), chela (with pedicel) 0 .725/
Tergal chaetotaxy: d, 9: 12: 11: 12: 13: 13: 0.245 (0.765/0.255), chela (without pedicel)
13: 14: 13: 12: 7: 2; ?, 11 : 10: 11: 12: 11: 0.670 (0.705), hand length (without pedicel)
13: 14: 13: 12: 12: 6: 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: 0.285 (0.335), movable finger length 0.390
HARVEY-NEW TASMANIAN GENUS OF SYARINIDAE 437
33
5
7 I
I
Figures 32-33.-Syarinus obscurus (Banks), male from E. of Canjilon, Rio Arriba County, New Mex-
ico, USA; 32, Anterior sternites and glands associated with cribrate areas on sternite IV, ventral; 33,
Sternite IV, ventral.
(0.370). Chelicera 0.255/0.125 (0.275/0.145), movable finger length 0.305. Carapace 0.405/
movable finger length 0.185 (0.200). Carapace 0.395.
0.445/0.410 (0.415/0.410); diameter of eye Deutonymph: Pedipalps: trochanter 1.95, fe-
0.025 (0.025. Leg 1: femur 0.180/0.090 mur 2.57, patella 1.83, chela (with pedicel)
(0.145/0.100), patella 0.125/0.085 (0.135/ 2.84, chela (without pedicel) 2.66 times longer
0.100), tibia 0.185/0.065 (0.160/0.065), meta- than broad. Fixed finger with 6 trichobothria,
tarsus 0.080/0.050 (0.085/0.060), tarsus 0.125/ movable finger with 2 trichobothria (Fig. 21);
0.050 (0.110/0.055). Leg IV: femur + patella eb, est, et, ib, ist, it, b and t present, t lanceo-
0.410/0.140 (0.395/0.145), tibia 0.295/0.090 late and slightly shorter than other trichoboth-
(0.285/0.090), metatarsus 0.100/0.065 (0.095/ ria. Chelicera: galea trifurcate, each ramus ter-
0.070), tarsus 0.160/0.060 (0.145/0.060). minally bifid; hand with 5 setae, movable
Tritonymph: Pedipalps: trochanter 1.92, fe- finger with 1 seta; fixed finger with 7 teeth,
mur 2.52, patella 1.87, chela (with pedicel) movable finger with 8 teeth; flagellum com-
2.83, chela (without pedicel) 2.64 times longer posed of 6 blades, the 4 distal blades with
than broad. Fixed finger with 7 trichobothria, several anteriorly-directed spinules. Carapace
movable finger with 3 trichobothria (Fig. 20); 0.94 times longer than broad; epistome absent;
eb, esb, est, et, ib, ist, it, b, sb and t present, one pair of small eyes present; with 22 setae
t lanceolate and shorter than other trichoboth- including 4 setae on anterior margin and 6 se-
ria. Chelicera: galea trifurcate, each ramus ter- tae on posterior margin. Legs as in adult.
minally trifurcate; hand with 5 setae, movable Dimensions (mm): Body length 1.265. Ped-
finger with 1 seta; fixed finger with 11 teeth, ipalps: trochanter 0.185/0.095, femur 0.270/
movable finger with 11 teeth; flagellum com- 0.105, patella 0.220/0.120, chela (with pedi-
posed of 6 blades, the 3 distal blades with cel) 0.455/0.160, chela (without pedicel)
several anteriorly-directed spinules. Carapace 0.425, hand length (without pedicel) 0.215,
1.03 times longer than broad; epistome absent; movable finger length 0.230. Carapace 0.320/
one pair of small eyes present; with 25 setae 0.340.
including 4 setae on anterior margin and 7 se- Remarks. A. brochus is known only from
tae on posterior margin. Legs as in adult. a single locality in north-western Tasmania.
Dimensions (mm): Body length 1.455. Ped- Syarinus Chamberlin
ipalps: trochanter 0.230/0.120, femur 0.340/ (Figs. 32-33)
0.135, patella 0.290/0.155, chela (with pedi- Syarinus Chamberlin 1925: 329; Harvey 1991a:
cel) 0.595/0.210, chela (without pedicel) 429 (full synonymy). Type species: Ideoroncus
0.555, hand length (without pedicel) 0.270, obscurus Banks 1893, by original designation.
438 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY
Diagnosis.-Distinguished from all Syar- Syarinus granulatus Chamberlin 1930: 14,
inidae, exceptAnysrius, by the position of tri- Cowles, New Mexico, USA (AMNH, S-2161,
chobothrium isb which is situated on internal slide); 2Y, near Sandia Crest, Sandia Mts, Bernal-
face of fixed chelal finger, apex of pedipalpal illo County, New Mexico, USA (AMNH, S-1754,
coxa rounded and with 2 setae, the strongly S-2145.1, slides); 19, 1 tritonymph, Eau Pleine
Reserve, Marathon County, Wisconsin, USA
oblique junction between femur and patella
(AMNH, S-2364.2, S-2346.7, slides).
IV, subterminal tarsal seta acuminate, and
Syarinus obscurus (Banks 1893): 1 d, E. of Can-
male sternite IV with median cribrate area
jilon, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, USA
(Fig. 33) and associated glands (Fig. 32). (AMNH, S-1911.3, slide); 2d49, Samuel E Taylor
Syarinus differs from Anysrius by male ster- State Park, Marin County, California, USA (FSCA,
nite II lacking an external lobe and median WM5030); 362Y, Yuba Pass, Sierra County, Cal-
cribrate area, and the divided median cribrate ifornia, USA (FSCA, WM5037).
area of male sternite IV (Fig. 33).
Included species.-Syarinus enhuycki
Description.•-Pedipalps: apex of coxa
Muchmore 1968, S. granulatus Chamberlin
rounded and with 2 setae; chelal fingers
1930, S. honestus Hoff 1956, S. obscurus
curved; chelal teeth contiguous; venom ap-
(Banks 1893), S. palmeni Kaisila 1964 and S.
paratus absent from movable finger; venom
strandi (Ellingsen 1901).
duct of fixed finger short. Fixed chelal finger
Distribution.-Species of Syarinus are
with 8 trichobothria, movable chelal finger
generally restricted to montane biotopes in the
with 4 trichobothria; trichobothria est, et and
Holarctic region, but there are lowland records
it situated in distal portion of fixed finger, eb,
esb, ib, isb and ist situated in basal portion of from more northern latitudes. Of the montane
fixed finger; isb situated on internal face of species, S. enhuycki is found in the northern
fixed chelal finger; sb, st and t closely spaced parts of the Appalachian Mountains (Much-
near middle of movable finger; t lanceolate. more 1968), with outlying populations in
Chelicera: hand with 5 (occasionally 6 or 7) Michigan (Nelson 1975) and possibly Wis-
consin, based upon a single collection identi-
setae, movable finger with 1 sub-distal seta;
movable finger of d with teeth all grouped fied as S. granulatus by Hoff & Bolsterli
distally; flagellum composed of 7 (sometimes (1956) (see Muchmore 1968). Three species
8, but only 6 in S. strandi) blades, all but the are mostly restricted to the Rocky Mountains:
most basal blade with several anteriorly-di- S. honestus, which is known from a single lo-
rected spinules; galea of d small and usually cality in New Mexico at 10,250 ft (=3124 m)
acuminate, that of 2 trifurcate with each ra- (Hoff 1956); S. granulatus, which has been
mus terminally trifurcate or bifurcate. Cara- reliably recorded only from Colorado (Cham-
pace: subquadrate, with 1 pair of eyes, ante- berlin 1930) and New Mexico (Hoff 1956);
rior eyes small and flat, posterior eyes absent. and S. obscurus which has been recorded from
Pleural membrane generally longitudinally Canada (British Columbia, Saskatchewan) and
striate. d sternite lI without modifications; d USA (California, Montana, New Mexico,
sternite IV with divided median cribrate area Utah, Washington, Wyoming) (see Harvey
(Fig. 33) and with associated glands (Fig. 32). 1991a). Of the remaining two species, S. pal-
Male genital atrium without setae. Female meni is known only from a single locality in
genitalia with 1 median and 2 small lateral Newfoundland (Kaisila 1964), and S. strandi
cribriform plates, with very few pores; sper- has been taken from six different localities in
mathecae absent. Legs: junction between fe- northern Europe (Austria, Finland, Norway
mur and patella I nearly perpendicular; junc- and Germany). Muchmore (1990) also records
tion between femur and patella IV strongly members of the genus from Minnesota, Ore-
oblique; metatarsus and tarsus of all legs gon and Ontario.
separate; subterminal tarsal seta acuminate; Remarks.-Syarinus, the type genus of the
arolium slightly shorter than claws (except in Syarinidae, is currently known only from
S. strandi). North America and northern Europe. It has
Material examined.-Syarinus enhuycki Much- been diagnosed by Chamberlin (1930) and
more 1968: 3 2, 5 tritonymphs, 3 deutonymphs (all Hoff (1956), and good descriptions of new or
paratypes), E.N. Huyck Preserve, Rensselaerville, previously poorly known species were provid-
Albany County, New York, USA (.AMNH, slides). ed by Chamberlin (1930), Hoff (1956), Kais-
