Protocols for Micropropagation of Selected Economically-Important Horticultural Plants

487 Pages·2013·12.185 MB·English

by  Barbara M. Reed, Jeanine DeNoma, Sugae Wada, Joseph Postman (auth.), Maurizio Lambardi, Elif Aylin Ozudogru, Shri Mohan Jain (eds.)

M M B ™
ETHODS IN OLECULAR IOLOGY
Series Editor
John M. Walker
School of Life Sciences
University of Hertfordshire
Hat fi eld, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
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Protocols for Micropropagation
of Selected
Economically-Important
Horticultural Plants
Edited by
Maurizio Lambardi
IVALSA-Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree,
National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
Elif Aylin Ozudogru
IVALSA-Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree,
National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
Shri Mohan Jain
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Editors
Maurizio Lambardi Elif Aylin Ozudogru
IVALSA-Istituto per la Valorizzazione IVALSA-Istituto per la Valorizzazione
del Legno e delle Specie Arboree del Legno e delle Specie Arboree
National Research Council (CNR) National Research Council (CNR)
Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
Shri Mohan Jain
Department of Agricultural Sciences
University of Helsinki
Helsinki, Finland
ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic)
ISBN 978-1-62703-073-1 ISBN 978-1-62703-074-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-62703-074-8
Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2012943833
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Foreword
Tissue culture and micropropagation are exciting areas of biotechnology due to the
combination of high scientifi c complexity with an enormous horticultural impact.
Horticulture makes extensive use of tissue culture to maintain or grow plant cells and
organs in vitro for a wide range of applications in plant propagation, such as breeding, plant
pathology, or germplasm conservation. Therefore, a new book on micropropagation of
economically important horticultural plants is welcome and needed, since it will contribute
to the scientifi c progress of a high relevant area of horticultural technology.
Current micropropagation procedures used by the industry are the result of basic and
applied research in biology, plant physiology, and genetics. Technical progress in micro-
propagation is intertwined with many important discoveries in plant science. We may say
that modern tissue culture is the result of pyramiding key scientifi c discoveries during more
than a century of research.
This book is focused on protocols, but it smartly combines the scientifi c principles with
the state of the art in tissue culture techniques presented by experienced and prestigious
authors. The editors are recognized scientists and all chapters were peer-reviewed, which
adds to the quality and credibility of the information.
Covering the diversity of horticultural crops and techniques is a big challenge that was
elegantly solved by the editors. There is a balanced number of chapters devoted to fruits, nuts,
ornamentals, vegetables, and also to specifi c applications of in vitro propagation. This makes
this book a broad repository of high quality information on cutting-edge technology.
I congratulate the editors for the opportunity of this initiative. Readers should be happy
with this new book on a topic of major horticultural importance that I widely recommend.
António A. Monteiro
President of the International Society for Horiculture Science (ISHS)
v

Preface
Micropropagation of horticultural crops, including ornamental plants, is a reliable technology
applied commercially worldwide, which allows large-scale plant multiplication, production,
and supply of selected plants. Tens of millions of rootstocks and fruit species, gardening and
cut- fl owers, vegetable plants are produced annually by micropropagation in several European
countries, such as Belgium, Holland, Italy, Germany, and France. Moreover, new commer-
cial laboratories have been recently established in Turkey, Greece, Czech Republic, Poland,
Hungary, and other Eastern European countries. Outside Europe, micropropagation of
horticultural crops is highly advanced and routinely applied commercially, such as in USA,
Australia, India, South Africa, China, New Zealand, Argentina, and Brazil. In addition to
rapid plant multiplication, tissue culture is largely used also for germplasm conservation,
elimination of pathogens, and genetic manipulations.
Micropropagation, however, is highly labor oriented and, thereby, commercial com-
panies are outsourcing plant multiplication activities to low-labor cost areas. Hence, in
the technologically advanced countries, the great potential of micropropagation for large-
scale plant multiplication can be tapped by cutting down the cost of production per plant,
pursued by applying low-cost tissue culture, adopting practices, and optimizing use of
equipment and resources to reduce the unit cost of micropropagule and plant production
without compromising the quality. Furthermore, the development and rapid multiplica-
tion of new ornamental cultivars are required to meet the demand of consumers all year
round. The existing and refi ned protocols for in vitro culture, as well as their direct appli-
cations in improving and developing new cultivars, regularly supply plant material year
round. Moreover, in vitro long-term storage of valuable germplasm would immensely
provide benefi ts to both the industry and academic Institutes. The outcome of recent
studies carried out in various research laboratories and institutions shows optimized
micropropagation protocols for many economically-important species and well-d eveloped
in vitro techniques, such as thermotherapy and cryotherapy for virus-free production,
exploitation of somaclonal variation, long-term shoot culture conservation, and plant
rejuvenation.
This book is focused on the recent advances on the micropropagation of several
economically important horticultural species. A total of 35 chapters are included, divided
into four major sections. Part I contains 13 chapters, covering economically-important fruit
and nut species; Part II includes 11 chapters on outdoor/indoor ornamentals and cut-
fl owers; Part III includes fi ve chapters dealing with vegetables. Each chapter contains a
step-wise protocol of micropropagation and a “Notes” section, i.e., an extensive overview
based on the personal expertise of contributing authors. Part IV contains six specifi c reviews on
vii
viii Preface
pivotal topics, such as in vitro rejuvenation, synthetic seed technology, thermotherapy and
meristem culture, genetic transformation, fl ower color somaclonal variation, and cryother-
apy of horticultural crops. All submitted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and revised
accordingly.
The readership of the book will be horticulturists, researchers, commercial companies,
plant propagators, biotechnologists, and students.
Florence, Italy Maurizio Lambardi
Florence, Italy E. Aylin Ozudogru
Helsinki, Finland Shri Mohan Jain
Contents
Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
PART I PROTOCOLS FOR MICROPROPAGATION OF FRUIT AND NUT SPECIES
1 Micropropagation of Pear (Pyrus sp.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Barbara M. Reed, Jeanine DeNoma, Sugae Wada, and Joseph Postman
2 In Vitro Propagation of Jojoba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Berta E. Llorente and Nancy M. Apóstolo
3 In Vitro Propagation of Olive (Olea europaea L.) by Nodal Segmentation
of Elongated Shoots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Maurizio Lambardi, Elif Aylin Ozudogru, and Romano Roncasaglia
4 Micropropagation Systems of Feijoa (Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret). . . . . . . . . 45
Miguel Pedro Guerra, Gabriela Claudia Cangahuala-Inocente,
Lirio Luiz Dal Vesco, Rosete Pescador, and Clarissa Alves Caprestano
5 Micropropagation of Vaccinium sp. by In Vitro Axillary Shoot Proliferation . . . . . . 63
Wojciech Litwin´ czuk
6 In Vitro Propagation of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by Shoot Tip Culture. . . . . . 77
Elif Aylin Ozudogru, Ergun Kaya, and Maurizio Lambardi
7 In Vitro Propagation of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Edgardo Giordani, Mar Naval, and Carla Benelli
8 Micropropagation of Citrus spp. by Organogenesis and Somatic
Embryogenesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Benedetta Chiancone and Maria Antonietta Germanà
9 Micropropagation of Prunus Species Relevant to Cherry Fruit Production . . . . . . . 119
Philippe Druart
10 Micropropagation of Peach Rootstocks and Cultivars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Ildikó Balla and Lucienne Mansvelt
11 Micropropagation of Rubus and Ribes spp.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Ewa Dziedzic and Joanna Jagła
12 Somatic Embryogenesis for Efficient Micropropagation
of Guava (Psidium guajava L.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Nasim Akhtar
13 Micropropagation of Chokeberry by In Vitro Axillary Shoot Proliferation. . . . . . . . 179
Wojciech Litwińczuk
ix
x Contents
PART II PROTOCOLS FOR MICROPROPAGATION OF ORNAMENTALS
AND CUT FLOWERS
14 Micropropagation of Lavandula spp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Sandra Gonçalves and Anabela Romano
15 In Vitro Propagation of Acacia mangium and A. mangium ×
A. auriculiformis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Olivier Monteuuis, Antoine Galiana, and Doreen Goh
16 In Vitro Propagation of Ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) by Somatic
Embryogenesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Maurizio Capuana
17 Micropropagation of Paradise Tree (Melia azedarach) by In Vitro Culture
of Axillary Buds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Luis A. Mroginski and Hebe Y. Rey
18 In Vitro Propagation of Hydrangea spp.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Barbara Ruffoni, Ermanno Sacco, and Marco Savona
19 In Vitro Propagation of Fraser Photinia Using Azospirillum-Mediated
Root Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Berta E. Llorente and Ezequiel E. Larraburu
20 Micropropagation of Helleborus through Axillary Budding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Margherita Beruto, Serena Viglione, and Alessandro Bisignano
21 Micropropagation of Cordyline terminalis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Tui Ray, Prasenjit Saha, and Satyesh C. Roy
22 Micropropagation of African Violet (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.). . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Mukund Shukla, J. Alan Sullivan, Shri Mohan Jain, Susan J. Murch,
and Praveen K. Saxena
23 Micropropagation of Iris sp.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Slad¯ana Jevremovic´, Zoran Jeknic´, and Angelina Subotic´
24 Micropropagation of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Ghani Minerva and Surinder Kumar
PART III PROTOCOLS FOR MICROPROPAGATION OF VEGETABLES
25 Micropropagation of Onion (Allium cepa L.) from Immature Inflorescences. . . . . . 319
Pablo Marinangeli
26 In Vitro Propagation of Cauliflower Using Curd Microexplants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Martin Kieffer and Michael P. Fuller
27 Micropropagation of Asparagus by In Vitro Shoot Culture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Nataša Štajner
28 Micropropagation and Cryopreservation of Garlic (Allium sativum L.). . . . . . . . . . 353
E.R. Joachim Keller and Angelika Senula
29 Micropropagation of Globe Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus) . . . . . 369
Giovanni Iapichino