Protocols additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949

126 Pages·2010·2.52 MB·English

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Editor’s note
byb yp rpormoomtointgin ga nadn dst rsetnregntghtehneinngin gh uhmuamnaitnairtiaarnia nla wla wa nadn d
Upon completion of a procedure begun in 1989, a number of amendments to unuivneivrsearsl ahl uhmuamnaitnairtiaarnia np rpinrcinipcliepsle. sE. sEtasbtalibshlisehde din in1 816836, 3,
Annex I to Protocol I (Regulations concerning identification) were adopted thteh IeC RICCR Cis iast atth teh oe roigriing ino f otfh teh Ge eGneenveav Ca oCnovnevnetniotniosn asn adn d
on 30 November 1993 and came into force on 1 March 1994. thteh Ien tInertnerantiaotnioanl aRle Rde Cd rCorsos sasn adn Rde Rde Cd rCesrecescnetn Mt oMvoevmeemnetn. t.
It Itd irdeicretsc tsa nadn dc ocoorodrindainteaste st hteh ei ntinertnerantiaotnioanl ala caticvtiitvieitsie s
The present volume contains the amended text of Annex I.
cocnodnudcutecdte bdy b tyh teh Me oMvoevmeemnetn int ianr maremde cdo cnoflnicfltisc tasn adn odt ohtehr er
Resolutions 17, 18 and 19 of the 1974-77 Diplomatic Conference and the
sitsuitautiaotniosn osf ovfi ovlieonlecnec.e.
annexes thereto comprise or refer to Articles 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 of the
original version of Annex I; these provisions are now Articles 4, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11 and 12 respectively.
Article 56 of Protocol I contains a reference to Article 16 of Annex I, which
is now Article 17.
PROTOCOLS
ADDITIONAL

TO THE GENEVA
CONVENTIONS
OF 12 AUGUST 1949

PROTOCOL ADDITIONAL TO THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS OF 12 AUGUST 1949 1
Contents
PROTOCOL ADDITIONAL
TO THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS OF 12 AUGUST 1949,
AND RELATING TO THE PROTECTION OF VICTIMS OF INTERNATIONAL
ARMED CONFLICTS (PROTOCOL I), OF 8 JUNE 1977
Preamble ..................................................................................................................... 9
PART I
GENERAL PROVISIONS ........................................................................................................ 10
Article 1 General principles and scope of application ......................................... 10
Article 2 Definitions ................................................................................................. 10
Article 3 Beginning and end of application .......................................................... 11
Article 4 Legal status of the Parties to the conflict .............................................. 11
Article 5 Appointment of Protecting Powers and of their substitute ............... 11
Article 6 Qualified persons ...................................................................................... 13
Article 7 Meetings ..................................................................................................... 13
PART II
WOUNDED, SICk AND SHIPWRECkED ...................................................................... 13
SECTION I – General protection ......................................................................... 13
Article 8 Terminology .............................................................................................. 13
Article 9 Field of application ................................................................................... 15
Article 10 Protection and care .................................................................................. 16
Article 11 Protection of persons ............................................................................... 16
Article 12 Protection of medical units ..................................................................... 17
Article 13 Discontinuance of protection of civilian medical units ..................... 17
Article 14 Limitations on requisition of civilian medical units ........................... 18
Article 15 Protection of civilian medical and religious personnel ...................... 18
Article 16 General protection of medical duties .................................................... 19
Article 17 Role of the civilian population and of aid societies ............................. 19
Article 18 Identification ............................................................................................. 20
Article 19 Neutral and other States not Parties to the conflict ............................ 21
Article 20 Prohibition of reprisals ............................................................................ 21
SECTION II – Medical transportation ............................................................... 21
Article 21 Medical vehicles ........................................................................................ 21
2 CONTENTS
Article 22 Hospital ships and coastal rescue craft ................................................. 21
Article 23 Other medical ships and craft ................................................................ 22
Article 24 Protection of medical aircraft ................................................................. 23
Article 25 Medical aircraft in areas not controlled by an adverse Party ............ 23
Article 26 Medical aircraft in contact or similar zones ......................................... 23
Article 27 Medical aircraft in areas controlled by an adverse Party ................... 24
Article 28 Restrictions on operations of medical aircraft ..................................... 24
Article 29 Notifications and agreements concerning medical aircraft ............... 25
Article 30 Landing and inspection of medical aircraft ......................................... 25
Article 31 Neutral or other States not Parties to the conflict .............................. 26
SECTION III – Missing and dead persons ............................................................. 27
Article 32 General principle ...................................................................................... 27
Article 33 Missing persons ........................................................................................ 28
Article 34 Remains of deceased ................................................................................ 28
PART III
METHODS AND MEANS OF WARFARE
COMbATANT AND PRISONER-OF-WAR STATUS ................................................... 30
SECTION I – Methods and means of warfare ............................................... 30
Article 35 Basic rules .................................................................................................. 30
Article 36 New weapons ............................................................................................. 30
Article 37 Prohibition of perfidy ............................................................................... 30
Article 38 Recognized emblems ................................................................................ 31
Article 39 Emblems of nationality ............................................................................ 31
Article 40 Quarter ....................................................................................................... 31
Article 41 Safeguard of an enemy hors de combat ................................................. 31
Article 42 Occupants of aircraft ................................................................................ 32
SECTION II – Combatant and prisoner-of-war status .............................. 32
Article 43 Armed forces ............................................................................................. 32
Article 44 Combatants and prisoners of war .......................................................... 33
Article 45 Protection of persons who have taken part in hostilities ................... 34
Article 46 Spies ............................................................................................................ 34
Article 47 Mercenaries ............................................................................................... 35
PART IV
CIVILIAN POPULATION ...................................................................................................... 36
SECTION I – General protection against effects of hostilities ...... 36
CHAPTER I – basic rule and field of application .................................................... 36
Article 48 Basic rule .................................................................................................... 36
Article 49 Definition of attacks and scope of application ..................................... 36
PROTOCOL ADDITIONAL TO THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS OF 12 AUGUST 1949 3
CHAPTER II – Civilians and Civilian population .................................................... 37
Article 50 Definition of civilians and civilian population .................................... 37
Article 51 Protection of the civilian population..................................................... 37
CHAPTER III – Civilian objects ....................................................................................... 38
Article 52 General protection of civilian objects ................................................... 38
Article 53 Protection of cultural objects and of places of worship ...................... 39
Article 54 Protection of objects indispensable
to the survival of the civilian population ............................................. 39
Article 55 Protection of the natural environment ................................................. 40
Article 56 Protection of works and installations
containing dangerous forces ................................................................... 40
CHAPTER IV – Precautionary measures ...................................................................... 41
Article 57 Precautions in attack ................................................................................ 41
Article 58 Precautions against the effects of attacks .............................................. 42
CHAPTER V – Localities and zones under special protection ............................. 43
Article 59 Non-defended localities ........................................................................... 43
Article 60 Demilitarized zones ................................................................................. 44
CHAPTER VI – Civil defence ............................................................................................ 45
Article 61 Definitions and scope ............................................................................... 45
Article 62 General protection .................................................................................... 46
Article 63 Civil defence in occupied territories ...................................................... 46
Article 64 Civilian civil defence organizations of neutral or other States
not Parties to the conflict and international co-ordinating
organizations ............................................................................................. 47
Article 65 Cessation of protection ............................................................................ 48
Article 66 Identification ............................................................................................. 48
Article 67 Members of the armed forces
and military units assigned to civil defence organizations ................ 49
SECTION II – Relief in favour of the civilian population ................... 51
Article 68 Field of application ................................................................................... 51
Article 69 Basic needs in occupied territories ........................................................ 51
Article 70 Relief actions ............................................................................................. 51
Article 71 Personnel participating in relief actions ............................................... 52
SECTION III – Treatment of persons in the power
of a Party to the conflict ........................................................... 53
CHAPTER I – Field of application and protection of persons and objets ........ 53
Article 72 Field of application ................................................................................... 53
Article 73 Refugees and stateless persons ............................................................... 53
Article 74 Reunion of dispersed families ................................................................ 53
Article 75 Fundamental guarantees ......................................................................... 53
4 CONTENTS
CHAPTER II – Measures in favour of women and children ................................. 56
Article 76 Protection of women ................................................................................ 56
Article 77 Protection of children .............................................................................. 56
Article 78 Evacuation of children ............................................................................. 57
CHAPTER III – Journalists ................................................................................................ 58
Article 79 Measures of protection for journalists .................................................. 58
PART V
ExECUTION OF THE CONVENTIONS AND OF THIS PROTOCOL ................. 59
SECTION I – General Provisions .......................................................................... 59
Article 80 Measures for execution ............................................................................ 59
Article 81 Activities of the Red Cross and other humanitarian
organizations ............................................................................................. 59
Article 82 Legal advisers in armed forces ................................................................ 60
Article 83 Dissemination ........................................................................................... 60
Article 84 Rules of application .................................................................................. 60
SECTION II – Repression of breaches of the Conventions
and of this Protocol ...................................................................... 61
Article 85 Repression of breaches of this Protocol ................................................. 61
Article 86 Failure to act .............................................................................................. 62
Article 87 Duty of commanders ............................................................................... 62
Article 88 Mutual assistance in criminal matters .................................................. 63
Article 89 Co-operation ............................................................................................. 63
Article 90 International Fact-Finding Commission .............................................. 63
Article 91 Responsibility ............................................................................................ 66
PART VI
FINAL PROVISIONS ................................................................................................................ 66
Article 92 Signature .................................................................................................... 66
Article 93 Ratification ................................................................................................ 66
Article 94 Accession .................................................................................................... 66
Article 95 Entry into force ......................................................................................... 66
Article 96 Treaty relations upon entry into force of this Protocol....................... 67
Article 97 Amendment ............................................................................................... 67
Article 98 Revision of Annex I .................................................................................. 67
Article 99 Denunciation ............................................................................................. 68
Article 100 Notifications .............................................................................................. 69
Article 101 Registration ............................................................................................... 69
Article 102 Authentic texts .......................................................................................... 69
PROTOCOL ADDITIONAL TO THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS OF 12 AUGUST 1949 5
ANNEX I Regulations concerning identification ......................................... 70
Article 1 General provisions .................................................................................... 70
CHAPTER I – Identity cards .......................................................................................... 70
Article 2 Identity card for permanent civilian medical
and religious personnel ............................................................................ 70
Article 3 Identity card for temporary civilian medical
and religious personnel ........................................................................... 71
CHAPTER II – The distinctive emblem ........................................................................ 73
Article 4 Shape ........................................................................................................... 73
Article 5 Use ............................................................................................................... 73
CHAPTER III – Distinctive signals ................................................................................. 74
Article 6 Use ............................................................................................................... 74
Article 7 Light signal ................................................................................................ 74
Article 8 Radio signal ............................................................................................... 75
Article 9 Electronic identification .......................................................................... 75
CHAPTER IV – Communications ................................................................................... 76
Article 10 Radiocommunications ............................................................................. 76
Article 11 Use of international codes ....................................................................... 76
Article 12 Other means of communication ............................................................ 77
Article 13 Flight plans ................................................................................................ 77
Article 14 Signals and procedures for the interception of medical aircraft ...... 77
CHAPTER V – Civil defence ............................................................................................ 77
Article 15 Identity card .............................................................................................. 77
Article 16 International distinctive sign .................................................................. 79
CHAPTER VI – Works and installations containing dangerous forces .............. 80
Article 17 International special sign ........................................................................ 80
ANNEX II Identity card for journalists on dangerous
professional missions .......................................................................... 81
6 CONTENTS
PROTOCOL ADDITIONAL
TO THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS OF 12 AUGUST 1949, AND RELATING
TO THE PROTECTION OF VICTIMS OF NON-INTERNATIONAL ARMED
CONFLICTS (PROTOCOL II), OF 8 JUNE 1977
Preamble ..................................................................................................................... 83
PART I
SCOPE OF THIS PROTOCOL ............................................................................................... 84
Article 1 Material field of application .................................................................... 84
Article 2 Personal field of application .................................................................... 84
Article 3 Non-intervention ...................................................................................... 84
PART II
HUMANE TREATMENT ....................................................................................................... 85
Article 4 Fundamental guarantees ......................................................................... 85
Article 5 Persons whose liberty has been restricted ............................................ 86
Article 6 Penal prosecutions .................................................................................... 87
PART III
WOUNDED, SICk AND SHIPWRECkED ...................................................................... 88
Article 7 Protection and care .................................................................................. 88
Article 8 Search ......................................................................................................... 88
Article 9 Protection of medical and religious personnel .................................... 88
Article 10 General protection of medical duties .................................................... 89
Article 11 Protection of medical units and transports .......................................... 89
Article 12 The distinctive emblem ............................................................................ 89
PART IV
CIVILIAN POPULATION ...................................................................................................... 90
Article 13 Protection of the civilian population..................................................... 90
Article 14 Protection of objects indispensable to the survival
of the civilian population ........................................................................ 90
Article 15 Protection of works and installations containing
dangerous forces ....................................................................................... 90
Article 16 Protection of cultural objects and of places of worship ...................... 90
Article 17 Prohibition of forced movement of civilians ........................................ 91
Article 18 Relief societies and relief actions ............................................................ 91
PART V
FINAL PROVISIONS ................................................................................................................ 91
Article 19 Dissemination ........................................................................................... 91
Article 20 Signature .................................................................................................... 91
Article 21 Ratification ................................................................................................ 92