Protein Phosphorylation Part A: Protein Kinases: Assays, Purification, Antibodies, Functional Analysis, Cloning, and Expression

799 Pages·1991·13.3 MB·English

by  Tony Hunter

Contributors to Volume 200
Article numbers are in parentheses gniwollof the names of .srotubirtnoc
snoitailiffA listed are current.
S. A. AARONSON (46), Laboratory of Cellu- Cancer Research, Columbia University
lar and Molecular Biology, National College of Physicians & Surgeons, New
Cancer Institute, National Institutes of York, New York 23001
Health, Bethesda, Maryland 29802 DENNIS CARROLL (11), Office of Health,
C. DAVID ALLIS (4), Department of Biology, Agency for International Development,
Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York Department of State, Washington, D.C.
44231 32502
NElL G. ANDERSON (27), Departments of JOHN E. CASNELLIE (9), Department of
Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Pharmacology, University of Rochester,
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Rochester, New York 24641
Virginia 22908 JEAN-CLAUDE CAVADORE (23), Institut
MICHAEL ANOSTAR10, JR. (33), Department National de la Sant~ et de la Recherche
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharma- M~dicale, 34033 Montpellier, France
cognosy, Purdue University, West Lafa- JOHN L. CELENZA (34), Whitehead Institute
yette, Indiana 47907 for Biomedical Research, Cambridge,
JEFFREY L. BENOVIC (28), Department of Massachusetts 24120
Pharmacology, Jefferson Cancer Insti- TIMOTHY C. CHAMBERS (25), Department of
tute, Thomas Jefferson University, Phila- Pharmacology, Emory University School
delphia, Pennsylvania 70191 of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 22303
J. MICHAEL BISHOP (53), Departments of LARS J. CISEK (24), Department of Surgery,
Microbiology and Immunology and Bio- The Johns Hopkins University School of
chemistry and Biophysics, and G. W. Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 50212
Hooper Foundation, University of Cali- PAUL R. CLARKE (29), EMBL, D-6900 Hei-
fornia, San Francisco, California 34149 delberg, Germany
KATHERINE A. BORKOVICH (16), Division of GAlL M. CLINTON (39), Department of Bio-
Biology, California Institute of Technol- chemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon
ogy, Pasadena, California 52119 Health Sciences University, Portland, Or-
egon 10279
ROBERT B. BOURRET (15), Division of Biol-
ogy, California Institute of Technology, JACKIE D. CORBIN (26), Department of Mo-
Pasadena, California 52119 lecular Physiology and Biophysics, Van-
derbilt University School of Medicine,
NANCY A. BROWN (39), Oregon Regional
Nashville, Tennessee 23273
Primate Center, Beaverton, Oregon 60079
JEFFRY L. CORDEN (24), Howard Hughes
JOSEPH A. BUECHLER (41), Biosite, San
Medical Institute and Department of
Diego, California 12129
Molecular Biology and Genetics, The
DAVID CARLING (29), Department of Phar- Johns Hopkins University School of Med-
maceutical Chemistry, School of Phar- icine, Baltimore, Maryland 50212
macy, University of London, London
JEAN-CLAUDE CORTAY (17), lnstitut de
WC1 lAX, England
Biologie et Chimie des Protdines,
MARIAN CARLSON (34), Department of Ge- C.N.R.S., Universit~ de Lyon, 69622
netics and Development and Institute of Villeurbanne, France
xi
xii CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 200
ALAIN-JEAN COZZONE (17), Institut de SELRAHC GREENFIELD (52), Department of
Biologie et Chimie des Protdines, Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, London
C.N.R.S., Universit~ de Lyon, 69622 Vil- 2W 1PG, England
leurbanne, France DYOB E. HALEY (40), Department of Bio-
LECRAM DOLCE (23), Centre de Recherches chemistry, University of Kentucky Medi-
de Biochimie Macromoleculaire, Centre cal Center, Lexington, Kentucky 63504
National de al Recherche Scientifique, STEVEN K. HANKS (2, 44), Department
33043 Montpellier, France of Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University
LELAND ELLIS (54), Howard Hughes Medi- School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
cal Institute and Department of Biochem- 23273
istry, University of Texas Southwestern D. EMAHARG HARDIE (29), Department of
Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 53257 Biochemistry, ehT University, Dundee
DDI 4HN, Scotland
ALAN K. ERICKSON (27), Departments of
Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, ATTEIRAM L. NOSIRRAH (33), Department
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacog-
Virginia 80922 nosy, Purdue University, West Lafayette,
Indiana 70974
ELEANOR ERIKSON (21), Department of
KIRNEH-LRAC HELDIN (30), Ludwig Insti-
Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Med-
tute for Cancer Research, S-751 42
ical Institute, University of Colorado
Uppsala, Sweden
School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
26208 J. FRED HESS (15), Department of Biochem-
istry, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research
R. L. ERIKSON (21), Department of -ulleC
Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 56070
lar and Developmental Biology, Harvard
JUSTIN HSUAN (31), Structural Biology Lab-
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
oratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Re-
83120
search, London W1P 8BT, England
ONAFETS FERRAm (12), Friedrich Miescher-
FREESIA L. HUANG (20, 38), Section on
Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
Metabolic Regulation, Endocrinology
SEMAJ E. FERRELL, JR. (35), Department of
and Reproduction Research Branch, Na-
Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madi-
tional Institute of Child Health and Hu-
son, Madison, Wisconsin 60735
man Development, National Institutes of
NO~mAHS H. FRANCIS (26), Department of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 29802
Molecular Physiology and Biophysics,
Kuo-PING HUANG (20, 38), Section on
Vanderbilt University School of Medi-
Metabolic Regulation, Endocrinology and
cine, Nashville, Tennessee 23273
Reproduction Research Branch, National
OKOY IHCUGAMAY-ATIJUF (5), Department Institute of Child Health and Human De-
of Molecular Genetics, Beckman Re- velopment, National Institutes of Health,
search Institute of the City of Hope, Bethesda, Maryland 29802
Duarte, California 01019 TONY HUNTER (1), Molecular Biology and
TREBOR L. GEAHLEN (33), Department of Virology Laboratory, ehT Salk Institute,
Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacog- San Diego, California 68129
nosy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, JILL E. HUTCHCROFT (33), Department of
Indiana 47907 Biological Sciences, Purdue University,
ENROBIALC V. C. REVOLG (4), Department West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
of Biochemistry, The University of Geor- PAUL JENO (14), Department of Biochemis-
gia, Athens, Georgia 20603 try, Biocenter of the University of Basel,
DONALD J. GRAVES (36), Department of 6504-HC Basel, Switzerland
Biochemistry and Biophysics, Iowa State NERAK E. NOSNHOJ (51), DNAX, Palo Alto,
University, Ames, Iowa 11005 California 40349
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 200 xiii
JOSHUA M. KAPLAN (53), Department of JAMES L. MALLER (21), Department of
Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Tech- Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Med-
nology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 93120 ical Institute, University of Colorado
TTOCS M. KEE (36), Department of Chemis- School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
try, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 26208
13787 R. M. MARAIS (19), Eukaryotic Transcrip-
ECURB E. KEMP (3, 10), St. Vincent's Insti- tion Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Re-
tute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victo- search Fund, London WC2A 3PX, En-
ria 3065, Australia gland
USHIO KIKKAWA (18), Department of Bio- DANIEL R. MARSHAK (ll), Cold Spring
chemistry, Kobe University School of Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor,
Medicine, Kobe 650, Japan New York 42711
AKIRA OTOMIHSIK (37), Department of Bio- G. STEVEN MARTIN (35), Division of Bio-
chemistry, Kobe University School of chemistry and Molecular Biology, De-
Medicine, Kobe 650, Japan partment of Molecular and Cell Biology,
University of California, Berkeley, Calif-
DANIEL R. KNIGHTON (43), Department of
ornia 02749
Chemistry, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 39029 YRRAH R. MATTHEWS (32), Department of
Biological Chemistry, University of Cali-
M. H. KRAus (46), Laboratory of Cellular
fornia, Davis, California 61659
and Molecular Biology, National Cancer
Institute, National Institutes of Health, MARIA L. McGLONE (49), Department of
Bethesda, Maryland 29802 Chemistry, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 39029
JEAN-CLAUDE ~IBBAL (23), Centre de Re-
cherches de Biochimie Macromolecu- W. TODD MILLER (42), Department of Biol-
laire, Centre National de la Recherche ogy, Massachusetts Institute of Technol-
Scientifique, 34033 Montpellier, France ogy, Cambridge, Massachusetts 93120
HEIDI A. LANE (22), Friedrich Miescher- LEAHCIM E NAROM (56), Samuel Lunenfeld
Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital,
SAMOHT A. LANGAN (25), Department of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
Pharmacology, University of Colorado DAVID O. MORGAN (53), Department of
School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado Physiology, University of California, San
26208 Francisco, California 34149
LONNY LEVIN (51), Howard Hughes Medi- DIDIER ERG~iN (17), lnstitut de Biologie et
cal Institute and Department of Molecu- Chimie des Protdines, C.N.R.S., Univer-
lar Biology, The Johns Hopkins Univer-
sitd de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
sity School of Medicine, Baltimore,
IMOTUSAY NISHIZUKA (18), Department of
Maryland 50212
Biochemistry, Kobe University School of
YRRAB A. LEVINE (54), Inorganic Chemis-
Medicine, Kobe 650, Japan
try Laboratory, University of Oxford, Ox-
ford OXI 3QR, England KOUjl OGITA (18, 37), Department of Bio-
chemistry, Kobe University School of
SHu-LIAN LI (5), Department of Molecular
Medicine, Kobe 650, Japan
Genetics, Beckman Research Institute of
the City of Hope, Duarte, California AKATIHSOY ONO (18), Central Research
01019 Division, Takeda Chemical Industries,
DRAHCIR A. LINDBERG (44, 47), Molecular Osaka 532, Japan
Biology and Virology Laboratory, The HPESOJ OLLERAP (43), Unit~ Associde ,1111
Salk Institute, San Diego, California C.N.R.S., Facult~ de Pharmacie, 34060
83129 Montpellier Cedex, France
xiv CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 200
P. J. REKRAP (19, 55), Protein Phosphoryl- MELVIN ,1 SIMON (15, 16), Division of Biol-
ation Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Re- ogy, California Institute of Technology,
search Fund, London WC2A 3PX, En- Pasadena, California 52119
gland LEE W. SLICE (49), Virology Department,
Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, New
ELENA B. ELAUQSAP (47), La Jolla Cancer
Jersey 01170
Research Foundation, La Jolla, Califor-
nia 73029 ZSUNAJ M. IKSDAWOS (43), Departments of
Medicine and Biology, University of -ilaC
ToNY NOSWAP (56), Samuel Lunenfeld Re-
fornia, San Diego, La Jolla, California
search Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital,
39029
Toronto, Ontario MSG 1XS, Canada
DRAREG E. J. STAAL (6), Department of He-
DRAHCIR B. NOSRAEP (3, 10), St. Vincent's
matology, Laboratory of Medical Enzy-
Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy,
mology, University Hospital Utrecht,
Victoria 3065, Australia
3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
ANNE MARIE QUINN (2), Biocomputing
S. ELBATS (55), Max-Delbruck-Labor ni Der
Center, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, Cali-
MPG, D-5000 Koln ,03 Germany
fornia 73029
SEMAJ C. STONE (56), Department of Bio-
EFRAIM REKCAR (7, 8), Section of Biochem- chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmon-
istry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell ton, Alberta G6T 2H7, Canada
University, Ithaca, New York 35841
SAMOHT W. LLIGRUTS (27), Departments of
L. BRYAN YAR (27), Departments of Inter- Internal Medicine and Pharmacology,
nal Medicine and Pharmacology, Univer- University of Virginia, Charlottesville,
sity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia Virginia 80922
80922 NASUS S. ROLYAT (41, 43, 49), Department
AINODYS I. RAYTER (50), Signal Transduc- of Chemistry, University of California,
noiL Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Re- San Diego, La Jolla, California 39029
search Fund, London WC2A 3PX, En- EGROEG THOMAS (12, ,41 22), Friedrich
gland Miescher-lnstitute, CH-4002 Basel,
GERT RUKSEN (6), Department of Hematol- Switzerland
ogy, Laboratory of Medical Enzymology, JEAN A. TONER-WEBB (41), Chiron -pO
University Hospital Utrecht, 3508 GA thalmics, Irvine, California 81729
Utrecht, ehT Netherlands BRIGIT A. NAV TOHCSRIO (6), Department
EARS DNARTSNNOR (30), Ludwig Institute of Hematology, Laboratory of Medi-
for Cancer Research, S-751 42 Uppsala, cal Enzymology, University Hospital
Sweden Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Nether-
sdnal
RAKNID SAHAL (5), Department of Biophys-
DLORAH E. VARMUS (53), Departments of
ics, University of Delhi South Campus,
Microbiology and Immunology and Bio-
New Delhi ,120011 India
chemistry and Biophysics, University of
IKAOAN SAITO (37), Department of Phar- California, San Francisco, California
macology, Kobe University School of 34149
Medicine, Kobe 650, Japan
LEAHCIM D. DLE1FRETAW (52), Ludwig In-
D. SCHAAP (55), Dutch Cancer Institute, stitute for Cancer Research, London W1P
6601 CX Amsterdam, ehT Netherlands 8BT, England
LAMIRAP C. SEN (8), Section of Biochemis- YING-FEI WEI (32), Laboratory of Toxicol-
try, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell ogy, Harvard School of Public Health,
University, Ithaca, New York 35841 Boston, Massachusetts 51120
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 200 XV
ANDREW F. WILKS (45) Ludwig Institute for IHSOYUSAY ADIHSOY (38), Section on Meta-
Cancer Research, PO Royal Hospital, bolic Regulation, Endocrinology and Re-
Victoria 3050, Australia production Research Branch, National
Institute of Child Health and Human De-
LYNN WOLFE (26), Department of Biochem-
istry, University of Massachusetts Medi- velopment, National Institutes of Health,
cal Center, Worcester, Massachusetts Bethesda, Maryland 29802
50610
CHIUN-JYE YUAN (36), Department of Bio-
SEMAJ TREBOR TTEGDOOW (13, 48), Ludwig chemistry and Biophysics, Iowa State
Institute for Cancer Research, London University, Ames, Iowa 11005
WIP 8BT, England
JIANHUA ZHENG (43), Department of Chem-
PNINA YAISH (31), Receptor Studies Labo-
istry, University of California, San Diego,
ratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Re-
La Jolla, California 92037
search, London WIP 8BT, England
SEW M. OTOMENOY (49, 51), Department of KRAM J. ZOLLER (51), Department of Pro-
Chemistry, University of California, San tein Engineering, Genentech, Inc., South
Diego, La Jolla, California 39029 San Francisco, California 08049
Preface
The field of protein phosphorylation has grown and changed consider-
ably since it was covered in 1983 in Volume 99 on Protein Kinases in the
Methods in Enzymology series. At that time fewer than five protein kinase
amino acid sequences were known. The number of identified protein ki-
nases and the number of processes known to be regulated by protein
phosphorylation have both increased enormously since then, and the end
is not yet in sight. Fundamental to this proliferation has been the ability to
isolate novel genes encoding protein kinases using the techniques of mo-
lecular biology. Equally important is the fact that the similarity in amino
acid sequence of the catalytic domains of the protein kinases allows the
instantaneous realization that a molecular clone isolated on the basis of
biological function or partial amino acid sequence encodes a protein ki-
nase. It is now clear that many, and perhaps most, aspects of growth
regulation are controlled by a complex network of protein kinases and
phosphatases.
The techniques that have already defined the unexpectedly large size
and degree of complexity of the protein kinase gene family, and will
continue to do so, are described in Volumes 200 and 201. These two
volumes were consciously entitled Protein Phosphorylation, rather than
Protein Kinases. This decision had two origins. One was the emerging
realization that the protein phosphatases may prove to be of as much
regulatory significance as the protein kinases. The other was that the
study of protein kinases is sterile in the absence of the identification and
characterization of both upstream regulators and downstream polypep-
tide substrates, many of which will not be protein kinases.
Of necessity, the first protein kinases identified and studied were those
whose activity was prominent in tissues that could be obtained in large
quantities. Most of the protein kinases that are important in growth con-
trol, however, are present at extremely low levels in cells. The develop-
ment of sensitive techniques to study nonabundant proteins was, there-
fore, imperative. Considerable attention is given in these volumes to the
use of recombinant DNA techniques for the preparation of large quanti-
ties of protein kinases, to means by which to detect trace quantities of
specific polypeptides in complex mixtures of proteins, and to techniques
with which to perform protein chemistry on vanishingly small quantities
of phosphoproteins.
What does the future of this field hold? A major "watershed" will be
the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a protein kinase.
xvii
IIIVX ECAFERP
Techniques useful for the crystallization of cyclic AMP-dependent pro-
tein kinase are presented in Volume 200, but solution of the structure of
the enzyme at atomic resolution has not yet been achieved. Knowledge of
the structure of one or more protein kinases will almost certainly alter the
study of these enzymes very significantly.
To date, with few exceptions, the study of protein phosphorylation
has involved the study of the phosphorylation of proteins on serine,
threonine, or tyrosine. The lack of attention paid to protein kinases gener-
ating acid-labile phosphoamino acids reflects not a lack of biological im-
portance of these enzymes, since they clearly play a central role in bacte-
rial chemotaxis, but rather the fact that methods for their study are few
and poorly developed. Unanticipated and important roles for protein ki-
nases may well become apparent if simple and reliable means with which
to detect and study proteins containing labile phosphorylated amino acids
are devised. No doubt the future will also hold other surprises, but we can
only hope that four volumes are not needed the next time protein phos-
phorylation is covered in this series!
These volumes would never have seen "the light of day" without the
diligence of Karen Lane. We thank her for her cheerful and tireless help.
BARTHOLOMEW M. SEFTON
TONY HUNTER
METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY
VOLUME I. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME II. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME III. Preparation and Assay of Substrates
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME IV. Special Techniques for the Enzymologist
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME V. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME VI. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes (Continued)
Preparation and Assay of Substrates
Special Techniques
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME VII. Cumulative Subject Index
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME VIII. Complex Carbohydrates
Edited by ELIZABETH F. NEUFELD DNA VICTOR GRUBSNIG
VOLUME IX. Carbohydrate Metabolism
Edited by WILLIS A. WOOD
VOLUME X. Oxidation and Phosphorylation
Edited by RONALD W. KOORBATSE DNA DRANYAM E. NAMLLUP
VOLUME XI. Enzyme Structure
Edited by C. H. W. HIRS
VOLUME XlI. Nucleic Acids (Parts A and B)
Edited by LAWRENCE NAMSSORG DNA KIVIE EVADLOM
xix
XX SDOHTEM NI YGOLOMYZNE
EMULOV XIII. Citric Acid Cycle
Edited by J. M. NIETSNEWOL
EMULOV XIV. Lipids
Edited by J. M. NIETSNEWOL
EMULOV XV. Steroids and Terpenoids
Edited yb RAYMOND B. CLAYTON
VOLUME XVI. Fast Reactions
Edited yb HTENNEK NITSUK
EMULOV XVII. Metabolism of Amino Acids and Amines (Parts A and
)B
Edited by HERBERT TABOR AND CELIA WHITE TABOR
EMULOV XVIII. Vitamins and Coenzymes (Parts A, B, and C)
Edited by DLANOD B. KCIMROCCM DNA LEUMEL D. THGIRW
EMULOV XIX. Proteolytic Enzymes
Edited by GERTRUDE E. PERLMANN AND LASZLO LORAND
EMULOV XX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part )C
Edited by KIVlE MOLDAVE AND LAWRENCE NAMSSORG
EMULOV XXI. Nucleic Acids (Part D)
Edited by LAWRENCE AND GROSSMAN KIVIE MOLDAVE
EMULOV XXII. Enzyme Purification and Related Techniques
Edited by WILLIAM B. JAKOBY
EMULOV XXIII. Photosynthesis (Part A)
Edited by ANTHONY SAN PIETRO
EMULOV XXlV. Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Fixation (Part B)
Edited by ANTHONY SAN PIETRO
EMULOV XXV. Enzyme Structure (Part )B
Edited by C. H. W. HIRS DNA EGRES N. FFEHSAMIT
EMULOV XXVI. Enzyme Structure (Part C)
Edited by C. H. W. HIRS DNA EGRES N. FFEHSAMIT
METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY xxi
VOLUME XXVII. Enzyme Structure (Part D)
Edited by C. H. W. HIRS DNA SERGE N. TIMASHEFF
VOLUME XXVIII. Complex Carbohydrates (Part B)
Edited by VICTOR GRUBSNIG
VOLUME XXIX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part E)
Edited by LAWRENCE NAMSSORG DNA KIVIE EVADLOM
VOLUME XXX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part F)
Edited yb KIVIE MOLDAVE DNA LAWRENCE NAMSSORG
VOLUME XXXI. Biomembranes (Part A)
Edited by SIDNEY FLEISCHER DNA LESTER REKCAP
VOLUME XXXII. Biomembranes (Part B)
Edited by SIDNEY FLEISCHER DNA LESTER REKCAP
VOLUME XXXIII. Cumulative Subject Index Volumes I-XXX
Edited by MARTHA G. DENNIS DNA EDWARD A. DENNIS
VOLUME XXXIV. Affinity Techniques (Enzyme Purification: Part B)
Edited by WILLIAM B. YBOKAJ DNA MEIR WILCHEK
VOLUME XXXV. Lipids (Part B)
Edited by JOHN M. LOWENSTEIN
VOLUME XXXVI. Hormone Action (Part A: Steroid Hormones)
Edited by BERT W. O'MALLEY DNA JOEL G. NAMDRAH
VOLUME XXXVII. Hormone Action (Part B: Peptide Hormones)
Edited by BERT W. O'MALLEY DNA JOEL G. NAMDRAH
VOLUME XXXVIII. Hormone Action (Part C: Cyclic Nucleotides)
Edited by JOEL G. HARDMAN DNA BERT W. O'MALLEY
VOLUME XXXIX. Hormone Action (Part D: Isolated Cells, Tissues, and
Organ Systems)
Edited by JOEL G. HARDMAN DNA BERT W. O'MALLEY
VOLUME XL. Hormone Action (Part E: Nuclear Structure and Function)
Edited by BERT W. O'MALLEY DNA JOEL G. NAMDRAH