Table Of ContentProtein-Based
Biopolymers
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Woodhead Publishing Series in
Biomaterials
Protein-Based
Biopolymers
From Source to Biomedical
Applications
Editedby
SUSHEEL KALIA
SWATI SHARMA
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Contents
Listofcontributors xiii
Preface xvii
1. An introduction to protein-basedbiopolymers 1
ShantilalS.Mehetre,RaviK.Shankar,RakeshKumarAmetaandSupriyaS.Behere
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Proteinanditsbiopolymers 4
1.2.1 Structureandpropertiesofproteins 4
1.2.2 Originandtypes 5
1.2.3 Syntheticproteinmaterialproductsintheindustry 18
1.2.4 Reinforcementandmodificationtechniques 18
1.3 Applications 19
1.3.1 SoilStrengthening 19
1.3.2 Foodpackaging:filmsandcoatings 20
1.3.3 Proteinpurification 21
1.3.4 PBBMinhealthcare:tissueengineering,drugdelivery,surface
engineering 21
1.3.5 Recombinantproteinpolymers 22
1.4 Protein-basedbiopolymersnanoparticles 23
1.5 Challengesandfutureprospects 24
Acknowledgments 25
References 25
2. Fabrication, properties and applications of gluten protein 41
VikasMenon,MandheerKaur,ShreyaGupta,AshokKumarNadda,
GajendraB.SinghandSwatiSharma
2.1 Introduction 41
2.2 Methodsofproteinfabrication 42
2.2.1 pHvariation 44
2.2.2 Phaseseparation 44
2.2.3 Polymerchaincollapse 44
2.2.4 Electron-beamlithography 44
2.2.5 Photolithography 45
2.2.6 Micro-contactprinting 45
2.2.7 Colloidallithography 45
2.2.8 Nanoimprintinglithography 46
v
vi Contents
2.3 Propertiesofwheatgluten 46
2.3.1 Glutenhydrationorwaterretentionproperty 46
2.3.2 Viscoelasticproperties 49
2.3.3 Extensibility 50
2.3.4 Viscosity 50
2.4 Applicationsofglutenprotein 50
2.4.1 Useofwheatproteinisolate 52
2.4.2 Texturizedprotein 52
2.4.3 Useinmeatindustry 53
2.4.4 Useinvegetarianfoodsubstitutes 53
2.4.5 Hydrolyzedwheatprotein 53
2.4.6 Usesinbakery 54
2.4.7 Usesinnon-foodproducts 55
2.4.8 Wheatgluten-basedbioplastics 55
2.5 Conclusion 55
References 56
3. Keratin for potential biomedical applications 59
MarwaEl-Azazy
3.1 Introduction 59
3.2 Keratininthehistory 60
3.3 Structureandthecharacteristicfeaturesofkeratin 62
3.3.1 Classificationofkeratins 62
3.3.2 Distributionofkeratins 62
3.3.3 Chemicalcomposition,physicochemicalandbiologicalproperties
ofkeratin 64
3.4 Keratin-basedbiomaterialsandtheirbiomedicalapplications 67
3.4.1 Keratinfilms 67
3.4.2 Biomedicalapplicationsofkeratinfilms 74
3.4.3 Keratinhydrogels 76
3.4.4 Biomedicalapplicationsofkeratinhydrogels 77
3.4.5 Keratinbiofibersforbiomedicalapplications 78
3.5 Conclusion 82
References 82
4. Fabrication, properties, andbiomedical applications of
soy protein-basedmaterials 93
RaviK.Shankar,ShantilalS.Mehetre,RakeshKumarAmeta,
SupriyaSubhashBehereandJigneshkumarParmar
4.1 Introduction 93
Contents vii
4.2 Soyproteinproperties 95
4.2.1 Surfaceproperties 95
4.2.2 Mechanicalproperties 95
4.2.3 Biodegradability 96
4.3 Fabricationofsoyprotein-basedbiomaterials 96
4.3.1 Soyproteinfilms 97
4.3.2 Soyproteinhydrogels 101
4.3.3 Soyproteinmicroparticles 103
4.3.4 Adventofnanoscience 106
4.4 Biomedicalapplications 114
4.4.1 Drugdelivery 114
4.4.2 Wounddressing 117
4.4.3 Tissueengineering 119
4.5 Challengesandfutureprospects 121
References 121
5. Sodium caseinateversus sodiumcarboxymethyl cellulose as
novel drug delivery carriers 131
AltafH.BastaandVivianF.Lotfy
5.1 Introduction 131
5.2 Synthesisandcharacterizationofbiopolymercompositesashydrogels
forcontrollingthereleaseofdrug 133
5.2.1 Synthesisandcharacterizationofprotein-andcellulose-basedhydrogels 133
5.2.2 Evaluatingcompositehydrogelsasdrugdeliverysystems 136
5.2.3 Cytotoxicityassayofcompositehydrogels 137
5.3 Effectiveroleofprotein-basedcompositehydrogelversuscellulose-based
compositehydrogel 138
5.3.1 SC/ChcompositehydrogelcharacteristicsversusCMC/Ch
composite 139
5.3.2 CharacteristicsofSC/ChandCMC/Chcompositehydrogelsas
drugdeliverysystem 142
5.3.3 Cytotoxicityassayofthepreparedcompositehydrogels 150
5.4 Conclusions 151
Acknowledgments 152
References 152
6. Silk-based biomaterials for biomedical applications 157
AntaraBiswas,NamrataBanerjee,AnirudhGururajPatil,S.Aishwarya,
SunilS.More,KounainaKhan,SubrahmanyaPadyana,J.Madhavi,AjarNath
Yadav,H.Ravish,P.R.Manjunath,BindiaSahu,A.V.RaghuandFarhanZameer
6.1 Introduction 157
viii Contents
6.2 Componentsofsilk 158
6.2.1 Propertiesofsilkfibroin 158
6.3 Developmentofsilk-basedbiomaterials 164
6.4 Biomedicalapplications 166
6.4.1 Diseasemodel 166
6.4.2 Tissueengineering 167
6.4.3 Genetherapy 171
6.4.4 Implantabledevices 174
6.4.5 Drugdelivery 178
6.5 Futureprospective 183
6.6 Conclusions 184
Acknowledgments 184
References 184
7. Protein-based nanoparticles as drug delivery nanocarriers 191
RakeshKumarAmeta,RaviK.ShankarandShantilalS.Mehetre
7.1 Introduction 191
7.1.1 Nanotechnology,nanomaterialsandmedicinalaspects 191
7.1.2 Proteinnanoparticles 192
7.1.3 Designingofnanoparticles 193
7.1.4 PreparationofPr-NPs 193
7.2 Pr-NPsanddrugdelivery 196
7.2.1 Pr-NPsassisteddrugdelivery 197
7.2.2 Pr-NPsanddrug 198
7.3 EmergingresearchonPr-NPsassisteddrugdelivery 201
7.3.1 BioadhesivefoodPr-NPsforpediatricoraldrugdelivery 201
7.3.2 Coiled-coilformationfortargeteddrugdelivery(TDD)using
Pr-NPs 202
7.3.3 Self-assembledproteinshelllipophiliccorenanoparticlesfor
drugdelivery 202
7.3.4 Drugdeliveryfromnanoparticlesderivedfromsilk-elastin-like
proteinpolymers 203
7.3.5 Dual-sensitivehydrogelnanoparticleswithproteinfilamentsfor
triggerabledrugdelivery 203
7.3.6 Blood2brain-barrier-penetratingalbuminnanoparticlesfor
biomimeticdrugdelivery 204
7.4 FutureapproachforPr-NPsassisteddrugdelivery 204
7.4.1 Metalorganicionicframeworkassisteddrugdelivery 204
7.4.2 Proteinnanoparticlesconjugatedmetalorganicionic
frameworkfordrugdelivery 204
Contents ix
7.5 Conclusions 204
Acknowledgments 205
References 205
8. Peptide andprotein-based hydrogels for the encapsulation
of bioactive compounds and tissue engineering applications 213
N.S.Shabnoor,A.HemaBindu,AnirudhGururajPatil,S.Aishwarya,
SunilS.More,KounainaKhan,SubrahmanyaPadyana,J.Madhavi,
AjarNathYadav,H.Ravish,P.R.Manjunath,BindiaSahu,A.V.Raghuand
FarhanZameer
8.1 Introduction 213
8.2 Characteristicsofgels 214
8.3 Gelformulationmethods 214
8.4 Classificationandtypesofgels 214
8.5 Hydrogels 215
8.5.1 Introductiontohydrogels 215
8.5.2 Classificationofhydrogels 216
8.5.3 Biodegradability 217
8.5.4 Biomolecules 217
8.5.5 Proteins 217
8.6 Protein-basedhydrogels 218
8.7 Peptide-basedhydrogels 218
8.8 Synthesisofpeptide-basedhydrogels 218
8.9 Bioactivecompounds 219
8.10 Encapsulation 219
8.11 Peptidehydrogelsforencapsulatingbioactivecompounds 219
8.12 Tissueengineering 223
8.13 Keratin 223
8.14 Keratin-basedhydrogelforwoundhealing 223
8.15 RegenerationofbonetissueengineeringusingNap-FFYbased
hydrogels 225
8.16 Formationofadesiredorgan/tissue 227
8.17 Albuminbasedhydrogelsforskinregenerationandwoundhealing 228
8.18 Bloodvesselsformationindamagedtissueswithmusseladhesive
protein 230
8.19 Heparin-mediateddeliveryofbonemorphogeneticprotein-2
improvesspatiallocalizationofboneregeneration 231
8.20 Cartilagetissueengineeringusingsilk-basedhydrogels 233
8.21 Conclusion 234
Acknowledgments 234
References 234
