Table Of ContentProtective Textiles from Natural
Resources
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The Textile Institute Book Series
Protective Textiles from
Natural Resources
Edited by
Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal
Polymer and Textile Research Laboratory,
Department of Applied Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi,
Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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Dedication
To Textile and Healthcare Professionals for their contribution tohuman
well-being
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Contents
List ofcontributors xvii
About the editor xxv
Preface xxvii
Part One Protective textile materials 1
1 Introduction to protective textiles 3
Kunal Singha, Subhankar Maity, Pintu Pandit and Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Protective textiles e an overview 5
1.3 Materials for themanufacture ofprotective textiles from
naturalresources 7
1.4 Manufacturingtechniquesof protective clothing from
naturalresources 11
1.5 Antibacterial, antiviral protective textiles 18
1.6 Protective masksmanufacturedfrom natural resources 24
1.7 Nuclear and radiological protective clothing 27
1.8 Spacesuitsfor protection andthermalcomfort 28
1.9 Protective clothingfor civilian and specialist industrial workers 32
1.10 Chemical protective clothing (CPC) 33
1.11 Fire/flame-retardant apparel 34
1.12 Ballistic protection 34
1.13 Conclusion 34
1.14 Future scope of protective textiles 35
References 35
2 Protective medicaltextiles forpatients and health professionals 39
Joykrishna Saha, Firoz Ahmed, SharifTasnim Mahmud and
Md.IbrahimH.Mondal
2.1 Introduction 40
2.2 Differenttypes ofprotective medical textiles 43
2.3 Antimicrobial agents for personal protectiveequipment 48
2.4 Manufacturingprocess 52
2.5 Selectionof nonwovenfabricsfor medical protective clothing 55
viii Contents
2.6 Regulations andrecommendations for personal protective
equipmentin thehealthcare sector 59
2.7 Recentdevelopment 63
2.8 Reuseand recyclingof protective medical textiles
(biodegradability/disposablematerials, cleaning, sterilizing, etc.) 64
2.9 Conclusion 66
2.10 Challenges and future perspectives 66
References 67
3 Nanomaterial-based smart and sustainableprotective textiles 75
Md.NahidPervez,Md. Yousuf Hossain,Md. Eman Talukder,
Ashik Md.Faisal, K.M. Faridul Hasan,MoyinulIslam,Firoz Ahmed,
Yingjie Cai, George K. Stylios, Vincenzo Naddeo and Md.IbrahimH.Mondal
3.1 Introduction 76
3.2 Protective textiles 77
3.3 Nanomaterial-based protective textiles 91
3.4 Environmentalimplications 103
3.5 Conclusion 104
3.6 Challenges and future perspectives 105
Acknowledgements 105
References 106
4 Protective textiles from the past and forthemodern age 113
Dhanalakshmi Vadivel and Daniele Dondi
4.1 Introduction 113
4.2 Natural fibres from thepast: what we havelost and what
we needto forget 114
4.3 Modern textiles 120
4.4 The case of waterproofmaterials 124
4.5 Eco-friendly textiles 124
4.6 Modern green treatmentsoftextiles 126
4.7 Conclusion 127
4.8 Future perspectives 127
References 127
5 The concept ofbiomimetics inthedevelopmentof protectivetextiles 133
Ali Maghsoudian, Samira Alvani,Roxana Moaref, SeifollahJamalpour,
Yousef Tamsilian and Alireza Kiasat
5.1 Introduction 134
5.2 Principles of biomimetic protectivetextiles 137
5.3 Applications of biomimetic protective textiles 149
5.4 Development models ofbiomimetic protectivetextiles technology 163
5.5 Conclusion 164
5.6 Future outlook 165
References 165
Contents ix
6 The limitations ofnaturalresources inthe use of medical
and protective textiles 175
Shokoh Parham, Anousheh Zargar Kharazi and Hadi Nur
6.1 Introduction 176
6.2 Natural resources of textiles 177
6.3 Medical and protective textiles 178
6.4 Antimicrobial textile nanocomposite 182
6.5 Antimicrobial mechanisms 187
6.6 Conclusions 190
6.7 Future research trends 190
Acknowledgements 191
References 191
Part Two Microbial (viruses, bacteria and fungi) protective
textiles 197
7 Microbial (viruses, bacteria and fungi) protectivepersonal clothing 199
Tarek Abou Elmaaty, Khaled Sayed-Ahmed andMd. IbrahimH.Mondal
7.1 Introduction 200
7.2 Microorganisms:bacteria,virusesand fungi 200
7.3 Infectious, nosocomial diseases, pandemics and theneed for
microbial protectivepersonal clothing 201
7.4 Infectious agents:bacteriaand viruses, their natureand adhesion
to textiles 202
7.5 Strategies used for personalprotection againstinfectious agents 204
7.6 Antimicrobial andantiviral finishing techniques 209
7.7 Antimicrobial andantiviral personalprotective clothing 213
7.8 Methodsused tofixthe naturalantimicrobials totextiles, while
maintaining breathability 214
7.9 Activityof biofunctionalized textiles against viruses and bacteria
using antimicrobial agents from naturalresources 215
7.10 Cytotoxicity ofantimicrobialand antiviral agents used intextile
finishing 216
7.11 Mechanism of antiviral and antimicrobial activity 216
7.12 Antiviral and antimicrobial test methods 217
7.13 Conclusion 217
7.14 Future scope/prospective 217
References 218
8 COVID-19 protectivetextiles for breathable face masks 227
Jingan Li, Yachen Hou, XueqiZhang,Peiduo Tong,
Zhonghua Xue and Md.IbrahimH. Mondal
8.1 Introduction 227
8.2 Information onCOVID-19 230
