Protective Relaying: Principles and Applications, Third Edition

639 Pages·2007·10.21 MB·English

by  Domin

Protective Relaying
Principles and Applications
Third Edition
(cid:2)2006byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC.
(cid:2)2006byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC.
POWER ENGINEERING
Series Editor
H. Lee Willis
KEMAT&D Consulting
Raleigh, North Carolina
Advisory Editor
Muhammad H. Rashid
University of West Florida
Pensacola, Florida
1. Power Distribution Planning Reference Book,
H. Lee Willis
2. Transmission Network Protection: Theory and Practice,
Y. G. Paithankar
3. Electrical Insulation in Power Systems, N. H. Malik,
A. A. Al-Arainy, and M. I. Qureshi
4. Electrical Power Equipment Maintenance and Testing,
Paul Gill
5. Protective Relaying: Principles and Applications,
Second Edition, J. Lewis Blackburn
6. Understanding Electric Utilities and De-Regulation,
Lorrin Philipson and H. Lee Willis
7. Electrical Power Cable Engineering, William A. Thue
8. Electric Systems, Dynamics, and Stability with Artificial
Intelligence Applications, James A. Momoh
and Mohamed E. El-Hawary
9. Insulation Coordination for Power Systems,
Andrew R. Hileman
10. Distributed Power Generation: Planning and Evaluation,
H. Lee Willisand Walter G. Scott
11. Electric Power System Applications of Optimization,
James A. Momoh
12. Aging Power Delivery Infrastructures, H. Lee Willis,
Gregory V. Welch, and Randall R. Schrieber
13. Restructured Electrical Power Systems: Operation,
Trading, and Volatility, Mohammad Shahidehpour
and Muwaffaq Alomoush
14. Electric Power Distribution Reliability, Richard E. Brown
(cid:2)2006byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC.
15. Computer-Aided Power System Analysis,
Ramasamy Natarajan
16. Power System Analysis: Short-Circuit Load Flow
and Harmonics, J. C. Das
17. Power Transformers: Principles and Applications,
John J. Winders, Jr.
18. Spatial Electric Load Forecasting: Second Edition,
Revised and Expanded,H. Lee Willis
19. Dielectrics in Electric Fields, Gorur G. Raju
20. Protection Devices and Systems for High-Voltage
Applications,Vladimir Gurevich
21. Electrical Power Cable Engineering, Second Edition,
William Thue
22. Vehicular Electric Power Systems: Land, Sea, Air,
and Space Vehicles, Ali Emadi, Mehrdad Ehsani,
and John Miller
23. Power Distribution Planning Reference Book,
Second Edition, H. Lee Willis
24. Power System State Estimation: Theory and
Implementation,Ali Abur
25. Transformer Engineering: Design and Practice,
S.V. Kulkarni and S. A. Khaparde
26. Power System Capacitors, Ramasamy Natarajan
27. Understanding Electric Utilities and De-regulation:
Second Edition, Lorrin Philipson and H. Lee Willis
28. Control and Automation of Electric Power Distribution
Systems,James Northcote-Green and Robert G. Wilson
29. Protective Relaying for Power Generation Systems,
Donald Reimert
30. Protective Relaying: Principles and Applications, Third
Edition,J. Lewis Blackburn and Thomas J. Domin
(cid:2)2006byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC.
Protective Relaying
Principles and Applications
Third Edition
J. Lewis Blackburn
Thomas J. Domin
Boca Raton London New York
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Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
(cid:2)2006byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC.
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(cid:2)2006byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC.
Preface to the Third Edition
The third edition of Protective Relaying incorporates information on new
developments and topics in protective relaying that has emerged since the
secondeditionwaspublished.Thistimespanrepresentsadynamicperiodthat
involved significant technological advances and revolutionary structural
changes within the electric power industry. The format of this book remains
similar tothe previous editions and retainsthe fullscope of fundamentals of
protectionthathavebeenpresentedbyLewisBlackburninamostelegantand
understandable manner. I have taken on the task of updating and expanding
Blackburn’sworkwith humility and honor.
Fromatechnicalstandpoint,significantadvancesinthedevelopmentand
application of digital processing devices in power system protection and
control continue. A considerable amount of new material is presented on
this subject along with the benefits and problems associated with applying
suchmicroprocessor-baseddevicesinprotectionschemes.Overrecentyears,
structural changes within the electric utility industry have changed the man-
ner in which segments of power systems are owned and networks are devel-
oped. The impacts of these changes with respect to the system protection
function are discussed in this edition. In addition, structural and regulatory
changes have promoted the installation of generators with a wide range of
sizes at locations that are distributed throughout power transmission and
distributionsystems.Adiscussionofprotectionrequirementsattheintercon-
nection location for such distributed generation has been added to the text.
New material is also presented on the application of protective systems and
limitersingeneratorexcitationsystems. Otherareasthathavebeen added or
significantly expanded include capacitor bank protection, underfrequency
load-sheddingschemedesignsandperformance,voltagecollapseandmitiga-
tion, special protection schemes, fault and event recording, fault location
techniques, and the latest advances in transformer protection. All existing
material inthe text has been reviewed andupdated asappropriate.
AnadditionthatIhopewillberewardingtothereaderistheinclusionof
mypersonalinsightsonthepractical application andperformanceaspectsof
powersystemprotectionandoperations.Theseperspectiveshavebeengained
during my career, spanning over 40 years, as a protection engineer at a
midsizedelectricutilityandasaconsultanttovariouselectricpowerentities
throughouttheworld.Throughthisexperience,IbelievethatIhavegaineda
peekinto,andanappreciationof,manyofthesignificantissuesthatconfront
andchallengeengineersattemptingtodevelop abackgroundandintuitionin
(cid:2)2006byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC.
power system protection. The insights presented are personal and practical,
more than theoretical, and are intended to add a real-life perspective to the
text. It is hoped that this material will help put various protection practices
into a clearer perspective and provide useful information to improve the
effectiveness of engineers working in the highly challenging and rewarding
field ofprotective relaying.
ThomasJ. Domin
(cid:2)2006byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC.
Preface to the Second Edition
This new edition of Protective Relaying has been written to update and
expand the treatment of many important topics in the first edition, which
waspublishedin1987.Thestructureissimilartothatofthefirstedition,but
each chapter has been carefully reviewed and changes have been made
throughouttoclarifymaterial,presentadvancesinrelayingfortheprotection
of power systems, and add additional examples. The chapter on generator
protectionhasbeencompletelyrewrittentoreflectcurrentgovernmentalrules
and regulations. Many figures are now displayed in a more compact form,
which makes them easier to refer to. As in the first edition, additional
problems are provided at the back of the book for further study. I have tried
againtopresentthematerialinastraightforwardstyle,focusingonwhatwill
bemostusefultothereader.Ihopethatthisvolumewillbeaswellreceived
asthe first editionwas.
J. Lewis Blackburn
(cid:2)2006byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC.