Table Of ContentIET ENERGY ENGINEERING SERIES 180
Protection of Electricity
Distribution Networks
Protection of Electricity
Distribution Networks
4th edition
Juan M. Gers and Edward Holmes
The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Published by The Institution of Engineering and Technology, London, United Kingdom
The Institution of Engineering and Technology is registered as a Charity in England & Wales
(no. 211014) and Scotland (no. SC038698).
© The Institution of Electrical Engineers 1998, 2004
© The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2011, 2022
First published 1998 (0 85296 923 6)
Second edition hardback 2004 (0 86341 357 9)
Second edition paperback 2005 (0 86341 537 7)
Third edition 2011
Fourth edition 2022
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ISBN 978-1-83953-270-2 (hardback)
ISBN 978-1-83953-271-9 (PDF)
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Printed in the UK by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon
Other volumes in this series:
Volume
Power Circuit Breaker Theory and Design C.H. Flurscheim (Editor)
1
Volume
Industrial Microwave Heating A.C. Metaxas and R.J. Meredith
4
Volume
Insulators for High Voltages J.S.T. Looms
7
Volume
Variable Frequency AC Motor Drive Systems D. Finney
8
Volume
SF Switchgear H.M. Ryan and G.R. Jones
6
10
Volume
Conduction and Induction Heating E.J. Davies
11
VolumeStatistical Techniques for High Voltage Engineering W. Hauschild and W.
13 Mosch
Volume
Uninterruptible Power Supplies J. Platts and J.D. St Aubyn (Editors)
14
Volume
Digital Protection for Power Systems A.T. Johns and S.K. Salman
15
Volume
Electricity Economics and Planning T.W. Berrie
16
Volume
Vacuum Switchgear A. Greenwood
18
VolumeElectrical Safety: A guide to causes and prevention of hazards J. Maxwell
19 Adams
Volume
Electricity Distribution Network Design, 2nd Edition E. Lakervi and E.J. Holmes
21
VolumeArtificial Intelligence Techniques in Power Systems K. Warwick, A.O. Ekwue
22 and R. Aggarwal (Editors)
Volume
Power System Commissioning and Maintenance Practice K. Harker
24
Volume
Engineers’ Handbook of Industrial Microwave Heating R.J. Meredith
25
Volume
Small Electric Motors H. Moczala et al.
26
Volume
AC–DC Power System Analysis J. Arrillaga and B.C. Smith
27
Volume
High Voltage Direct Current Transmission, 2nd Edition J. Arrillaga
29
Volume
Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) Y.-H. Song (Editor)
30
Volume
Embedded Generation N. Jenkins et al.
31
Volume
High Voltage Engineering and Testing, 2nd Edition H.M. Ryan (Editor)
32
Volume
Overvoltage Protection of Low-voltage Systems, Revised Edition P. Hasse
33
Volume
Voltage Quality in Electrical Power Systems J. Schlabbach et al.
36
Volume
Electrical Steels for Rotating Machines P. Beckley
37
VolumeThe Electric Car: Development and future of battery, hybrid and fuel-cell cars
38 M. Westbrook
VolumePower Systems Electromagnetic Transients Simulation J. Arrillaga and N.
39 Watson
Volume
Advances in High Voltage Engineering M. Haddad and D. Warne
40
Volume
Electrical Operation of Electrostatic Precipitators K. Parker
41
Volume
Thermal Power Plant Simulation and Control D. Flynn
43
Volume
Economic Evaluation of Projects in the Electricity Supply Industry H. Khatib
44
Volume
Propulsion Systems for Hybrid Vehicles J. Miller
45
Volume
Distribution Switchgear S. Stewart
46
VolumeProtection of Electricity Distribution Networks, 2nd Edition J. Gers and E.
47 Holmes
Volume
Wood Pole Overhead Lines B. Wareing
48
Volume
Electric Fuses, 3rd Edition A. Wright and G. Newbery
49
VolumeWind Power Integration: Connection and system operational aspects B. Fox et
50 al.
Volume
Short Circuit Currents J. Schlabbach
51
Volume
Nuclear Power J. Wood
52
VolumeCondition Assessment of High Voltage Insulation in Power System
53 Equipment R.E. James and Q. Su
Volume
Local Energy: Distributed generation of heat and power J. Wood
55
VolumeCondition Monitoring of Rotating Electrical Machines P. Tavner, L. Ran, J.
56 Penman and H. Sedding
Volume
The Control Techniques Drives and Controls Handbook, 2nd Edition B. Drury
57
Volume
Lightning Protection V. Cooray (Editor)
58
Volume
Ultracapacitor Applications J.M. Miller
59
Volume
Lightning Electromagnetics V. Cooray
62
Volume
Energy Storage for Power Systems, 2nd Edition A. Ter-Gazarian
63
Volume
Protection of Electricity Distribution Networks, 3rd Edition J. Gers
65
Volume
High Voltage Engineering Testing, 3rd Edition H. Ryan (Editor)
66
Volume
Multicore Simulation of Power System Transients F.M. Uriate
67
Volume
Distribution System Analysis and Automation J. Gers
68
Volume
The Lightening Flash, 2nd Edition V. Cooray (Editor)
69
VolumeEconomic Evaluation of Projects in the Electricity Supply Industry, 3rd
70 Edition H. Khatib
VolumeControl Circuits in Power Electronics: Practical issues in design and
72 implementation M. Castilla (Editor)
VolumeWide Area Monitoring, Protection and Control Systems: The enabler for
73 smarter grids A. Vaccaro and A. Zobaa (Editors)
VolumePower Electronic Converters and Systems: Frontiers and applications A.M.
74 Trzynadlowski (Editor)
Volume
Power Distribution Automation B. Das (Editor)
75
VolumePower System Stability: Modelling, analysis and control A.A. Sallam and Om P.
76 Malik
VolumeNumerical Analysis of Power System Transients and Dynamics A. Ametani
78 (Editor)
VolumeVehicle-to-grid: Linking electric vehicles to the smart grid J. Lu and J. Hossain
79 (Editors)
VolumeCyber-physical-social Systems and Constructs in Electric Power Engineering
81 S. Suryanarayanan, R. Roche and T.M. Hansen (Editors)
VolumePeriodic Control of Power Electronic Converters F. Blaabjerg, K. Zhou, D. Wang
82 and Y. Yang
VolumeAdvances in Power System Modelling, Control and Stability Analysis F. Milano
86 (Editor)
VolumeCogeneration: Technologies, Optimization and Implementation C.A.
87 Frangopoulos (Editor)
VolumeSmarter Energy: From smart metering to the smart grid H. Sun, N.
88 Hatziargyriou, H.V. Poor, L. Carpanini and M.A. Sánchez Fornié (Editors)
VolumeHydrogen Production, Separation and Purification for Energy A. Basile, F.
89 Dalena, J. Tong and T.N. Veziroğlu (Editors)
Volume
Clean Energy Microgrids S. Obara and J. Morel (Editors)
90
VolumeFuzzy Logic Control in Energy Systems with Design Applications in
91
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MATLAB /Simulink İ.H. Altaş
VolumePower Quality in Future Electrical Power Systems A.F. Zobaa and S.H.E.A.
92 Aleem (Editors)
VolumeCogeneration and District Energy Systems: Modelling, analysis and
93 optimization M.A. Rosen and S. Koohi-Fayegh
VolumeIntroduction to the Smart Grid: Concepts, technologies and evolution S.K.
94 Salman
VolumeCommunication, Control and Security Challenges for the Smart Grid S.M.
95 Muyeen and S. Rahman (Editors)
Volume
Industrial Power Systems with Distributed and Embedded Generation R Belu
96
VolumeSynchronized Phasor Measurements for Smart Grids M.J.B. Reddy and D.K.
97 Mohanta (Editors)
VolumeLarge Scale Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources A. Moreno-Munoz
98 (Editor)
VolumeModeling and Dynamic Behaviour of Hydropower Plants N. Kishor and J.
100 Fraile-Ardanuy (Editors)
Volume
Methane and Hydrogen for Energy Storage R. Carriveau and D.S-K. Ting
101
Volume
Power Transformer Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis A. Abu-Siada (Editor)
104
Volume
Surface Passivation of Industrial Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells J. John (Editor)
106
VolumeBifacial Photovoltaics: Technology, applications and economics J. Libal and
107 R. Kopecek (Editors)
Volume
Fault Diagnosis of Induction Motors J. Faiz, V. Ghorbanian and G. Joksimović
108
Volume
High Voltage Power Network Construction K. Harker
110
VolumeEnergy Storage at Different Voltage Levels: Technology, integration, and
111 market aspects A.F. Zobaa, P.F. Ribeiro, S.H.A. Aleem and S.N. Afifi (Editors)
Volume
Wireless Power Transfer: Theory, technology and application N. Shinohara
112
VolumeLightning-induced Effects in Electrical and Telecommunication Systems Y.
114 Baba and V.A. Rakov
VolumeDC Distribution Systems and Microgrids T. Dragičević, F. Blaabjerg and P.
115 Wheeler
Volume
Modelling and Simulation of HVDC Transmission M. Han (Editor)
116
Volume
Structural Control and Fault Detection of Wind Turbine Systems H.R. Karimi
117
VolumeThermal Power Plant Control and Instrumentation: The control of boilers and
119 HRSGs, 2nd Edition D. Lindsley, J. Grist and D. Parker
Volume
Fault Diagnosis for Robust Inverter Power Drives A. Ginart (Editor)
120
VolumeMonitoring and Control using Synchrophasors in Power Systems with
121 Renewables I. Kamwa and C. Lu (Editors)
VolumePower Systems Electromagnetic Transients Simulation, 2nd Edition N.
123 Watson and J. Arrillaga
Volume
Power Market Transformation B. Murray
124
VolumeWind Energy Modeling and Simulation, Volume 1: Atmosphere and plant P.
125 Veers (Editor)
VolumeDiagnosis and Fault Tolerance of Electrical Machines, Power Electronics and
126 Drives A.J.M. Cardoso
VolumeCharacterization of Wide Bandgap Power Semiconductor Devices F. Wang, Z.
128 Zhang and E.A. Jones
VolumeRenewable Energy from the Oceans: From wave, tidal and gradient systems
129 to offshore wind and solar D. Coiro and T. Sant (Editors)
VolumeWind and Solar Based Energy Systems for Communities R. Carriveau and D.
130 S-K. Ting (Editors)
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Metaheuristic Optimization in Power Engineering J. Radosavljević
131
VolumePower Line Communication Systems for Smart Grids I.R.S. Casella and A.
132 Anpalagan
VolumeHydrogen Passivation and Laser Doping for Silicon Solar Cells B. Hallam and
134 C. Chan (Editors)
VolumeVariability, Scalability and Stability of Microgrids S.M. Muyeen, S.M. Islam and
139 F. Blaabjerg (Editors)
VolumeCondition Monitoring of Rotating Electrical Machines P. Tavner, L. Ran and C.
145 Crabtree
Volume
Energy Storage for Power Systems, 3rd Edition A.G. Ter-Gazarian
146
Volume
Distribution Systems Analysis and Automation, 2nd Edition J. Gers
147
VolumeSiC Power Module Design: Performance, robustness and reliability A.
151 Castellazzi and A. Irace (Editors)
VolumePower Electronic Devices: Applications, failure mechanisms and reliability F
152 Iannuzzo (Editor)
VolumeSignal Processing for Fault Detection and Diagnosis in Electric Machines and
153 Systems M. Benbouzid (Editor)
VolumeEnergy Generation and Efficiency Technologies for Green Residential
155 Buildings D. Ting and R. Carriveau (Editors)
Volume
Lithium-ion Batteries Enabled by Silicon Anodes C. Ban and K. Xu (Editors)
156
Volume
Electrical Steels, 2 Volumes A. Moses, K. Jenkins, P. Anderson and H. Stanbury
157
Volume
Advanced Dielectric Materials for Electrostatic Capacitors Q Li (Editor)
158
VolumeTransforming the Grid Towards Fully Renewable Energy O. Probst, S.
159 Castellanos and R. Palacios (Editors)
VolumeMicrogrids for Rural Areas: Research and case studies R.K. Chauhan, K.
160 Chauhan and S.N. Singh (Editors)
VolumeArtificial Intelligence for Smarter Power Systems: Fuzzy logic and neural
161 networks M.G. Simoes
