Table Of Contentprosecutors and democracy
Focusing on the relationship between prosecutors and democracy, this volume
throwslightonkeyquestionsaboutprosecutorsandtheroletheyshouldplayin
liberal self-government. Internationally distinguished scholars discuss how
prosecutors can strengthen democracy, how they sometimes undermine it, and
whyithasprovensochallengingtoholdprosecutorsaccountablewhileinsulating
themfrompolitics.Thecontributorsexplorethedifferentwayslegalsystemshave
addressed that challenge in the United States, the United Kingdom, and
continental Europe. Contrasting those strategies allows an assessment of their
relative strengths – and a richer understanding of the contested connections
betweenlawanddemocratic politics.Chaptersareinexplicit conversationwith
each other, facilitating comparison and deepening the analysis. This is an
important new resource for legal scholars and reformers, political philosophers,
andsocialscientists.
Ma´ximoLangerisProfessorofLawandDirectoroftheTransnationalProgramon
Criminal Justice at UCLA School of Law. He is an expert in comparative and
internationalcriminaljustice.Hisworkhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages
and has received awards from multiple professional associations, including the
AmericanSocietyofComparativeLaw.
DavidAlanSklanskyisStanleyMorrisonProfessorofLawatStanfordLawSchool
andFacultyCo-directoroftheStanfordCriminalJusticeCenter.Aformerfederal
prosecutor,heistheauthorofDemocracyandthePolice(2008).
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ASCL STUDIES IN COMPARATIVE LAW
ASCL Studies in Comparative Law is designed to broaden theoretical and
practicalknowledgeoftheworld’smanylegalsystems.Withmorethansixty
years’ experience, the American Society of Comparative Law have been
leaders in the study and analysis of comparative law. By promoting the
investigationoflegalproblemsinacomparativelight,whethertheoreticalor
empirical, as essential to the advancement of legal science, they provide an
essentialservicetolegalpractitionersandthoseseekingreformofthelaw.This
book series will extend these aims to the publication of monographs and
comparativestudiesofspecificlegalproblems.
Theserieshastwogeneraleditors.MortimerSellersisRegentsProfessorof
the University System of Maryland and Director of the Baltimore Center
forInternationalandComparativeLaw.HeisanAssociateMemberofthe
InternationalAcademyofComparativeLaw.VivianCurranisDistinguished
ProfessorofLawattheUniversityofPittsburghSchoolofLaw.
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Prosecutors and Democracy
a cross-national study
Edited by
´
MAXIMO LANGER
UCLA
DAVID ALAN SKLANSKY
StanfordUniversity
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Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107187559
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Firstpublished2017
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
names:Langer,Ma´ximo,editor.|Sklansky,DavidA.,1959–editor.
title:Prosecutorsanddemocracy:across-nationalstudy/editedbyMaximo
Langer,DavidAlanSklansky.
description:Cambridge[UK];NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,2017.|
Series:ASCLstudiesincomparativelaw|Includesbibliographicalreferences
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identifiers:lccn2017026224|isbn9781107187559(hardback)
subjects:lcsh:Prosecution–Politicalaspects.|Prosecution–Decision
making–Comparativestudies.|Publicprosecutors–Comparativestudies.|
Criminalprocedure–Politicalasepcts.|Judicialdiscretion.|Democracy.|
BISAC:LAW/Comparative.
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Contents
ListofContributors pagevii
Introduction
byMa´ximoLangerandDavidAlanSklansky 1
1 DiscretionandAccountabilityinaDemocraticCriminalLaw
byAntonyDuff 9
2 AccountingforProsecutors
byDanielC.Richman 40
3 TheDemocraticAccountabilityofProsecutorsinEngland
andWalesandFrance:Independence,Discretionand
Managerialism
byJacquelineS.Hodgson 76
4 TheFrenchProsecutorasJudge.TheCarpenter’sMistake?
byMathildeCohen 109
5 GermanProsecutorsandtheRechtsstaat
byShawnBoyne 138
6 TheOrganizationofProsecutorialDiscretion
byWilliamH.Simon 175
7 Prosecutors,Democracy,andRace
byAngelaJ.Davis 195
8 ProsecutingImmigrantsinaDemocracy
byIngridV.Eagly 227
v
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vi Contents
9 BeyondToughonCrime:TowardsaBetterPoliticsof
Prosecution
byJonathanSimon 250
10 UnpackingtheRelationshipbetweenProsecutorsand
DemocracyintheUnitedStates
byDavidAlanSklansky 276
Epilogue:ProsecutorsandDemocracy–Themesand
Counterthemes
byMa´ximoLanger&DavidAlanSklansky 300
Index 339
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Contributors
ShawnBoyneisProfessorofLawandMosaicFacultyFellowatRobert
H.McKinneySchoolofLawatIndianaUniversity.
MathildeCohenisAssociateProfessorofLawandRobertD.GlassScholarat
theUniversityofConnecticutSchoolofLaw.
AngelaJ.DavisisProfessorofLawatWashingtonCollegeofLawatAmerican
University.
AntonyDuffisEmeritusProfessorofPhilosophyattheUniversityofStirling.
IngridV.EaglyisProfessorofLawandFacultyDirectoroftheDavid
J.EpsteinPrograminPublicInterestLawandPolicyatUCLASchool
ofLaw.
JacquelineS.HodgsonisProfessorofLawandDirectoroftheCriminal
JusticeCentreattheUniversityofWarwickSchoolofLaw.
Ma´ximoLangerisProfessorofLawatUCLASchoolofLawandDirectorof
theUCLATransnationalProgramonCriminalJustice.
DanielC.RichmanisPaulJ.KellnerProfessorofLawatColumbiaLaw
School.
JonathanSimonisAdrianA.KragenProfessorofLawandDirectorofthe
CenterfortheStudyofLawandSocietyattheUniversityofCalifornia,
Berkeley,SchoolofLaw.
WilliamH.SimonisArthurLevittProfessorofLawatColumbiaLawSchool.
DavidAlanSklanskyisStanleyMorrisonProfessorofLawatStanfordLaw
SchoolandFacultyCo-directoroftheStanfordCriminalJusticeCenter.
vii
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Introduction
Ma´ximoLangerandDavidAlanSklansky
There have been times and places in which the central protagonists of
criminaljustice,theofficialsmostresponsibleforthefairnessandeffectiveness
ofpenaladministration,havebeenjudges.Atothertimesandinotherplaces,
police officers have seemed to play that role. Today, the pivotal figures in
criminal justice systems throughout much of the world appear, more and
more, to be prosecutors. This is notably true in the United States, where
scholars and reformers increasingly focus on prosecutors as the key to how
thecriminaljusticesystemisadministered,andincreasinglyblameprosecu-
torsforthesystem’sfailures.Itistrue,aswell,intheUnitedKingdomandin
continentalEurope,whereprosecutorsseem–asintheUnitedStates–tobe
accretingmoreandmoreauthority.ItistrueinJapanandinTaiwan,aswellas
throughoutmuchofLatinAmerica.
Prosecutorsdonotplaypreciselythesameroleinallofthesecountries,andin
manycases,thedifferencesintheirpowersandfunctionsaresubstantial.Still,
thereisastrikinglybroadtrendaroundtheglobetowardvestinggreaterdiscretion
andgreaterresponsibilityinprosecutors,accusatoryofficialssituatedbetweenthe
police and the courts. Despite their growing importance, prosecutors remain
muchmorepoorlyunderstoodthaneitherthepoliceorthejudiciary.Notonlyis
informationabouttheday-to-dayworkofprosecutorsfarmorelimitedthanisthe
case for police officers orjudges, but the expectations on prosecutors, and the
criteriaforevaluatingthem,aremurkyandofteninconsistent.
The relationship between prosecutors and democracy is particularly
unclear.Whatistheproperroleofprosecutorsinademocracy?Whatimpli-
cations does a commitment to democratic government have for the powers
and responsibilities of prosecutors, for the organization of prosecutorial
offices,andfortheamountandthekindsofdiscretionvestedinprosecutors?
What role, if any, should democratic processes play in the selection and
oversight of prosecutors? What should or can prosecutors do to strengthen
1
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