Proposal format

97 Pages·2016·1.28 MB·English

EXTRAMARITAL SEXUAL AFFAIRS’ CRITICAL ROLE IN THE
TRANSMISSION OF HIV AMONG MARRIED COUPLES: THE CASE OF
SINGIDA MUNICIPALITY

JEDDY K. MZUNGU

A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SOCIAL WORK
OF THE OPEN UNIVERSITY OF TANZANIA
2016
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CERTIFICATION

The undersigned certifies that he has read and hereby recommends for acceptance by
the Open University of Tanzania a dissertation entitled, Extramarital Sexual
Affairs’ Critical Role in the Transmission of HIV Infections among Married
Couples: The Case of Singida Municipality, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the Degree of Masters of Social Work (MSW) of the Open
University of Tanzania.

………………………………………………
Dr. John Peter Aaron Msindai
(Supervisor)

……………………………………………….
Date
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COPYRIGHT

No part of this dissertation may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or
otherwise without prior written permission of the author of The Open University of
Tanzania in that behalf.
iv

DECLARATION

I, Jeddy Kuyenga Mzungu, do hereby declare that this dissertation is my own
original work and that it has not been presented and will not be presented to any
other university or higher institution of learning for a similar or any other degree
award.

………………………………………………….
Signature

………………………………………..………
Date
v

DEDICATION

This work is dedicated to my beloved parents: my mother Wakuru Wakihumo and
father Mtika Mzungu Wanyamwanga for bringing me up as a potential academician.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First and foremost I thank the almighty God for giving me strength and courage
throughout the period of my studies and for his guidance and for helping me to
complete this dissertation. Secondly, I extend my heartfelt gratitude to my
supervisors Dr. John Peter Aaron Msindai and Dr. Emmanuel Patroba Mhache for
their helpful guidance rendered to me and for taking their time to read through my
work. Thirdly, I would like to acknowledge and thank the Open University of
Tanzania for sponsoring my studies. Moreover, I would like to thank the
management of Singida Regional Referral Hospital for giving me permission to
conduct the study in their Hospital.

My thanks also go to all my research assistants: Dr. Edina Paulo and Mr. Lucas
Nyamfumila at Singida Regional Referral Hospital Care and Treatment Clinic, and
study participants for their inestimable input in this academic work.

I will always be grateful to Professor Deus Dominic Ngaruko, the former Dean
Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences and Dr. Fauzia Mohamed, the Head of
Department of Sociology and Social Work for their valuable advice when
undertaking this program of study. I would like to thank Professor Hossea M.M
Rwegoshora the Director of Research, Publication and Postgradute studies, Mr.
Buhori A. Johnas MSW Program Coordinator, Professor Sylvester Kajuna from
Hubert Kairuki Memorial University for their guidance and useful lectures
throughout the course work.
vi i

Lastly, but not of importance, I extend my gratitude thanks to my fellow MSW
students (2015/16), for their scholarly, moral, social and even economic support
during those good but hard times of our studies we spent together and Mr. Kapande
Wambura, IT Technical staff of Open University of Tanzania for helping in
Manuscript typesetting and graphic design.
vi ii

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the extramarital sexual affairs’ critical role in the
transmission of HIV infection among married couples. The study mainly focused on
factors influencing extramarital sexual affairs, the consequences of HIV infection
among married couples and their families and proposed measures to sensitize
communities on the maladies of extramarital affairs. The study took on a qualitative
case study design. Purposive sampling techniques were used whereby 50 respondents
were recruited and interviewed. In-depth interviews were used for the collection of
data. Data were qualitatively analyzed thematically using Nvivo QDA computer
software package. The study has revealed that human behavior, poverty, matrimonial
conflicts, alcoholism, sexual dissatisfaction, staying away from partner for a long
time and polygamy were the main factors which led to extramarital sexual affairs.
The study identified that when couples are infected with the virus there is a great
chance for increased mother to child HIV transmission, poverty, psychological and
emotional problems, family disintegrations, increase in new HIV cases in the society,
increased street children due to death of parents and reduction of man power.
Further, the study recommends that premarital counseling services, social and
behavioral change communication programs and poverty reduction interventions can
help to reduce this problem. It was again suggested that establishment of anti-
adultery laws, community health education on HIV infection in marriages, and anti-
alcoholism policies can help to reduce extramarital sexual affairs and decrease the
rate of HIV infection among married couples.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CERTIFICATION ..................................................................................................... ii
COPYRIGHT ............................................................................................................ iii
DECLARATION ....................................................................................................... iv
DEDICATION ............................................................................................................ v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .......................................................................................... vi
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. viii
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................. xiv
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. xv
LIST OF APPENDINCES ...................................................................................... xvi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................... xvii
CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................ 1
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background to the Problem .............................................................................. 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem ................................................................................. 4
1.3 Objectives of the Study .................................................................................... 5
1.3.1 General Objective ............................................................................................. 5
1.3.2 Specific Objectives ........................................................................................... 6
1.4 Research Questions .......................................................................................... 6
1.5 Significance and Justification of the Study ...................................................... 6
1.6 Limitation of the Study .................................................................................... 7
1.7 Delimitation of the Study ................................................................................. 7
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CHAPTER TWO ....................................................................................................... 8
LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................... 8
2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 8
2.2 Definition of Terms .......................................................................................... 8
2.2.1 Marriage ........................................................................................................... 8
2.2.2 Extra-Marital Sexual ........................................................................................ 9
2.2.3 HIV ................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.4 AIDS ............................................................................................................... 10
2.2.5 CD4 ................................................................................................................ 10
2.2.6 The Concept of Marriage and Extramarital Affairs ....................................... 10
2.3 Theoretical Literature Review ........................................................................ 12
2.3.1 The Grand Theory of Sexuality ...................................................................... 12
2.3.2 The Natural Law Theory of Sexual Immorality ............................................. 13
2.3.3 The Theory of Unlimited Sexual Freedom .................................................... 15
2.4 Empirical Literature Review .......................................................................... 16
2.5 Policy Review ................................................................................................ 22
2.6 Research Gap .................................................................................................. 25
2.7 Conceptual Framework .................................................................................. 27
CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................. 29
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................................................... 29
3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 29
3.2 The Study Area ............................................................................................... 29
3.3 Research Design ............................................................................................. 29
3.4 Target Population ........................................................................................... 30