Table Of ContentNISI
PUBLICATIONS NISTSP 838-5
A 11ID 4 3blDT2
Summaries
Project 199
U.S. Department
Commerce
of
Technology
Administration
100
National Institute
.U57
of Standards and
NO. 838-5
Technology
1994
Project
Summaries
1994
NIST SP 838-5
NIST
&
Building
Fiie
Research
Laboratory
Noel J. Raufaste
June 1994
U.S. Department
Commerce
of
Ronald H. Brown, Secretary
Technology
Administration
Mary L. Good,
UnderSecretaryforTechnology
National Institute
of Standards and
Technology
Arati Prabhakar, Director
National Institute of Standards U.S. Goverment Printing Office For sale by the Superintendent
and Technology Washington: 1994 of Documents
Special Publication 838-5, U.S. Government Printing Office
Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Washington, DC 20402
Spec. Publ. 838-5
158 pages (June 1994)
CODEN: NSPUE2
FOREWORD BFRL's efforts are closely coordinated
with complementary activities of
Construction is one of the Nation's industry, professional and trade
largest industries. In 1993, new organizations, academe, and other
construction put in place amounted to agencies of government. The vision for
about $470 billion (7.9% of GDP) and BFRL, the structure of its technical
provided about 6 million jobs. Fires and programs, and the determination and
natural disasters destroy a significant timing of its technical products are based
portion of constructed facilities every on analyses of industry needs and BFRL's
year. Costs of fire safety and fire losses own unique resources and capabilities.
exceed $128 billion a year. Natural
disasters cause tens of billions of dollars BFRL's laboratory facilities include:
annually. For example, during the 12 six-degree-of-freedom structural testing
month period July 1993 through June facility; large-scale structural testing
1994, the United States experienced facility with the 53 MN (12-million pound)
significant property losses from natural universal structural testing machine;
disasters such as: the Mid-west Floods; environmental chambers; guarded hot-
the January 1994 Northridge Earthquake; plate; calibrated hot-box; plumbing tower;
and wind damage to the built building materials imaging and modeling
environment. These are only three laboratory; large burn facility for
examples; many other natural phenomena conducting experimental fires in full-scale,
occur each year. The quality of large industrial fire test facilities, fire
constructed facilities directly affects the suppression test facilities; and a fire
productivity of the U.S. building and fire simulation laboratory.
communities and affects the safety and
quality of life of all constructed facilities. BFRL is a major nonproprietary source of
Over 60% of the nation's wealth is technical information for development of
invested in constructed facilities. voluntary standards by organizations such
as ASTM; American Concrete Institute;
The National Institute of Standards and American Society of Heating,
Technology's (NIST) mission is to Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
promote U.S. economic growth by Engineers; American Society of Civil
working with industry to develop and Engineers; Institute of Electrical and
apply technology, measurements, and Electronics Engineers; and the National
standards. NIST's direct customer is Fire Protection Association. The resulting
U.S. industry. Its work yields direct standards are widely used in building and
investments with and benefits for the fire codes.
private sector -- in contrast to spinoffs
derived from other federal investments. BFRL works closely with its international
peer organizations to maintain awareness
NIST's Building and Fire Research of foreign research developments, as well
Laboratory (BFRL), one of NIST's eight as assure that generic research efforts
Laboratories, enhances the are complementary, and U.S. interests
competitiveness of U.S. industry and are represented in the preparation of
public safety through performance international standards and practices.
prediction and measurement technologies BFRL cooperates closely with other U.S.
and technical advances that improve the and foreign laboratories in the conduct of
life cycle quality of constructed facilities. its research. Eighty-three research
associates from U.S. industry, guest materials engineering, mechanical and
researchers from foreign laboratories, and environmental systems, fire safety and
faculty members from universities worked engineering, and fire science. Each
at BFRL during 1993 for periods summary lists the project title, the BFRL
averaging about a year. point of contact, sponsor, research, and
recent results.
BFRL participates in over 100 national
standardization activities; provides For further information about BFRL, its
leadership in national and international facilities, opportunities for Guest
standardization organizations and chairs Researcher assignments, collaborative
more than 20 voluntary standardization programs, and contracted research,
activities. BFRL annually publishes over contact BFRL's Office of Cooperative
230 reports, articles for research journals, Research Programs, Building 226, Room
and articles for professional and trade B250, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
journals. BFRL staff annually makes Persons requesting information should
hundreds of presentations to professional contact BFRL using facsimile number
and technical meetings of building 301-975-4032 or e-mail
community organizations. For 24 years, [email protected].
BFRL has hosted a monthly Building
Technology Symposia Series in
cooperation with other organizations
concerned with building research and
practice and hosts weekly Fire Research
Seminars for NIST staff and colleagues
from the fire community. These are
effective means of transferring the latest
knowledge to practitioners and peer
researchers. The Fire Research
Information Service (FRIS) consisting of
national and international fire research
literature and FIREDOC, the automated
database of fire research literature, is the
only comprehensive national library
resource for the fire community.
At the beginning of FY 1994, BFRL had
about 200 employees of which 125 are
professional staff, 65 have Ph.D.s, and
1 7 are registered engineers. BFRL's
budget for FY 1994 is $26 million.
Funding comes from direct appropriations
($14 million), from other Federal agencies
($12 million) and from the private sector
($2 million).
This report summarizes BFRL's research
for 1994. The report is arranged by its
research programs: structural engineering,
iv
CONTENTS 16 STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR
Foreword 17 Noise-Induced Chaos and Chaotic
hi
Transport
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
1
17 Automated Construction Site
Metrology
2 Seismic Strengthening
Methodologies for Reinforced
18 High Performance Concrete
Concrete (RC) Frame Buildings
19 Effects of Tendon Duct Grease
3 Seismic Performance of Precast
Concrete Connections Leakage on the Integrity of
Prestressed Concrete Containment
5 Seismic Design of Non-Structural
20 Next Generation Design Standard
Components and Secondary
Systems for Wind Loads
6 Seismic Resistance of Joints in 21 Design Wind Load Criteria for
Manufactured Housing
Precast Concrete Shear Walls
22 Calibration of Marshall Compaction
7 Seismic Resistance of Partially-
Hammers
Grouted Masonry Shear Walls
9 Performance Requirements for 23 Building and Fire Code Liaison
Passive Energy Dissipation
24 CONCRETE
Systems for Buildings and Lifeline
Structures
25 Microstructure-Property
10 Establishment of Lifeline Seismic Relationships in Random Porous
Materials
Safety Executive Board
26 Transport Properties of High-
1 1 Mitigating Liquefaction Potential
Performance Concrete
13 Management of the Interagency
Committee on Seismic Safety in 27 Integrated Knowledge System for
High-Performance Concrete
Construction (ICSSC)
14 Support Implementation of 27 Computation of the Micro-
Executive Order 2699 Mechanical Properties of Cement-
1
Based Materials
14 Technical Assistance to FEMA
28 Quantitative X-Ray Powder
Project Officer (Existing Buildings)
Diffraction Analysis of Clinker and
Cement
15 Secretariat U.S.-Side Panel on
Wind and Seismic Effects
29 Factors Affecting the Performance
of Beneficiated Fly Ash in Cement
30 Performance Criteria for Long 45 Durability of Polymer/Glass Fiber
Lived Concrete for Radioactive Composites for Building
Waste Storage Applications
31 Concrete Degradation Computer 47 Performance Criteria for Single-Ply
Code for LLW Performance Roofing Membranes
Assessments
48 Serviceability of Roofing Systems
32 COATINGS
49 Materials and Processes for
33 Service Life of Coating Systems Durable Relocatable Rigid Wall
Structures
34 Organic Coatings
50 THERMAL MACHINERY
35 Standards for Abatement of
Hazards from Lead in Buildings 51 Thermodynamic Performance of
Natural Fluids as Alternative
36 Method for Evaluation of Refrigerants
Performance of Lead-in-Paint
Measuring Devices Under 52 Thermodynamic Performance of
Simulated Field Conditions Alternative Refrigerants and
Refrigerant Mixtures
38 Development of Method for
Leaching of Lead from Lead-Based 53 Calorimetric and Visual Study of
Paint Through Encapsulants Boiling Enhancements with
Refrigerant 134a and Horizontal
39 Performance Criteria for Selection Two-Phase Flow of R-32/134a
of Liquid-Coatings Encapsulants
for Lead-Based Paint 55 Mixtures of Fluorocarbons as
Alternatives for R1 1 , R1 2, R22,
40 Long-Term Performance of and R502
Polymer-Based Encapsulants for
Lead-Based Paint on Interior Walls 56 Minimizing Throttling Losses in the
Refrigeration Cycle
41 Technical Assistance on Lead-
Based Paint Issues 57 MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND
CONTROLS
42 QUALITY ASSURANCE
58 Communication Protocols for
43 Cement and Concrete Reference Building Controls
Laboratory
59 Real Time Fault Detection and
44 AASHTO Materials Reference Diagnostics
Laboratory
60 Test Procedures for Furnaces,
45 Construction of Addition to CMRL Boilers, and Integrated Appliances
Proficiency Sample Building
61 Test Procedures for Heat Pumps 76 Process Plant Engineering and
and Air Conditioners Construction: Structural Systems
62 Development of Revised Test 77 STEP for the Building Industry
Procedures for Refrigerator-
Freezers 78 STEP for the Process Plant
Industries
63 Test Procedures for Plumbing
Products 79 Computerized Maintenance
Management Information
64 Development of Revised Test
Procedures for Pool and Spa
Heaters 80 Prototype Requirements
Management System
65 INDOOR AIR QUALITY
81 HEAT TRANSFER
66 Development and Application of
Multizone Indoor Air Quality 82 Test Procedures for Advanced
Models Thermal Insulation Products
67 Development of Protocols for 83 Test Methods for Evaluating the
Ventilation System Performance Thermal Conductivity of Small
Evaluation Insulation Samples
68 Infiltration/Ventilation - Large 84 Thermal Insulation SRM for Wall or
Buildings Window Test Methods
70 Radon Entry and Mitigation in 84 Thermal Resistance Measurements
Large Buildings on Foam Insulation and Powder-
Panel Insulation
71 Study of IAQ Improvement
Through the Use of HVAC 85 Experimental Validation of NIST
Systems Moisture Transfer Model
72 Indoor Air Quality Commissioning 86 Controlling Moisture in
Program for TWFN Walls/Roofs of Manufactured
Housing
73 Indoor PAH and Particulate
Emissions from Wood Stoves 88 Moisture Control Guidelines for
Attics, Cathedral Ceilings, Crawl
74 COMPUTER INTEGRATED Spaces, and Walls
CONSTRUCTION
90 LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY
75 Advanced Manufacturing Systems
and Networking Testbed 91 Field Measurements and Modeling
(AMSANT) for the Process Plant of Lighting Distributions
Industries
92 Lighting and HVAC Interactions
vii
93 Evaluation of Occupant Response 106 FIRE MODELING
to Lighting Retrofits
107 Ceiling Fires
94 Test Procedures for Lighting
Fixtures and Systems 108 Fire Model Verification
95 FIRE PROTECTION APPLICATIONS 109 Development of the Fire Data
Management System (FDMS)
96 Large Scale Smoke Movement Database System for Fire Related
Data
97 Study of Heat and Smoke
Movement and Their Influence on 110 HAZARD Development
Detector and Sprinkler Response in
Enclosed Spaces with Complex 1 1 1 Modeling of Detector Response
Ceiling Geometries
1 1 1 Furniture Flammability
99 Balanced Design
1 12 Support of Fire Modeling on the ex
100 Risk Assessment/Performance USS SHADWELL
Codes
13 Computing & Network Resources
1
100 Enhanced GSA Engineering Fire
Assessment System 114 LARGE FIRE RESEARCH
101 FPEtool Advancement 1 1 5 Simulation of Turbulent
Combustion and Transport in Fires
101 Modification of Fire Protection
Requirements (Performance Based 1 1 6 Development of Large Eddy
Fire Protection for Nuclear Power Enclosure Fire Model
Plants)
1 17 Analysis of Large Industrial Fires
102 Emergency Egress from Air Traffic
Control Towers (ATCT) 1 18 In-Situ Burning of Oil Spills
102 Fire and Thermal Characteristics of 1 19 Smoke Plume Sampling
Navy Firefighting Trainers
1 20 Smoke Plume Trajectory from in
103 Fire Research Information Service situ Burning of Crude Oil in Alaska
104 Fire Research Bulletin Board 120 Office Building Fire Research
System Program
104 Technology Transfer 121 Large Fire Test Facility
105 Fire Research Seminars 122 Cone/LIFT/Toxicity Support
123 Development of a Sizing Standard
for Firefighter Protective Clothing
viii
