Progress in Scale Modeling, Volume II: Selections from the International Symposia on Scale Modeling, ISSM VI (2009) and ISSM VII (2013)

315 Pages·2015·16.332 MB·English

by  Kozo Saito, Akihiko Ito, Yuji Nakamura, Kazunori Kuwana (eds.)

Kozo Saito · Akihiko Ito
Yuji Nakamura · Kazunori Kuwana
Editors
Progress in
Scale Modeling,
Volume II
Selections from the International
Symposia on Scale Modeling, ISSM VI
(2009) and ISSM VII (2013)
Progress in Scale Modeling, Volume II

Kozo Saito (cid:129) Akihiko Ito (cid:129) Yuji Nakamura
Kazunori Kuwana
Editors
Progress in Scale Modeling,
Volume II
Selections from the International Symposia
on Scale Modeling, ISSM VI (2009)
and ISSM VII (2013)
Editors
KozoSaito AkihikoIto
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering HirosakiUniversity
UniversityofKentucky Hirosaki-shi,Aomori,Japan
Lexington,KY,USA
KazunoriKuwana
YujiNakamura YamagataUniversity
ToyohashiUniversityofTechnology Yonezawa-shi,Yamagata,Japan
Toyohashi,Japan
ISBN978-3-319-10307-5 ISBN978-3-319-10308-2(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-10308-2
SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
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Preface
Thisvolumestandsasaremedyforthelackofavailablematerialonscalemodeling
and as an essential resource for many university courses, both graduate and
undergraduate. Progress in Scale Modeling, Volume 2 builds on the success of
Volume1asthedefinitivesourceofinformationonthispowerfulsimplifyingand
clarifyingtoolusedbyscientistsandengineersacrossmanydisciplines.Thebook’s
diverse slate of authors helps readers “see the forest, when there are many, many
trees” by elucidating techniques used when it would be too expensive, or too
difficult,totestasystemofinterestinthefield.
Topicsaddressedinthecurrenteditioninclude scalemodeling tostudynatural
disasters and its impacts on environment and structures, developing and testing
energygenerationsystemsandmethods,andothers.Thisbookalso
(cid:129) Enablesreaderstoevaluateessentialandsalientaspectsofprofoundlycomplex
systems,mechanisms,andphenomenaatscale.
(cid:129) Offers engineers and designers a new point of view, liberating creative and
innovativeideasandsolutions.
(cid:129) Serves the widest range of readers across the engineering disciplines and in
scienceandmedicine.
Volume 1 was a selection of seminal papers given at the first 5 sessions of the
International Symposium on Scale Modeling (ISSM), which were held between
1988and2006.DuringtheinterveningyearsISSMVIandISSMVIIwereheldin
2009 and 2013, respectively. The papers in this volume represent those two later
symposia. The International Scale Modeling Committee consists of worldwide
v
vi Preface
researchers in scale modeling, and celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2013.
The committee is interdisciplinary, attracting researchers from a broad range of
scientificandengineeringdisciplines.
Lexington,KY,USA KozoSaito
Hirosaki-shi,Aomori,Japan AkihikoIto
Toyohashi,Japan YujiNakamura
Yonezawa-shi,Yamagata,Japan KazunoriKuwana
Contents
ScaleModelingintheAgeofHigh-SpeedComputation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
K.SaitoandF.A.Williams
PartI NaturalDisastersandStructuralFailures
SectionA:Earthquake-ScaleModelingintheGeotechnical
EngineeringField. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
TadashiKawai
SectionA:Earthquake-SupercomputingandScaleModeling
theEffectofFlotsamMixedTsunami:Implications
forTsunamiGeneratedbythe2011Great
EastCoastEarthquake. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. 45
JunIshimotoandKozoSaito
SectionB:FireandExplosion-ScaleModelingofBiomass
FireAssociatedwithHydrogen-ProducingBacteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
TadashiKonishi,YutaKawamura,AkiraNarumi,
andTomekZiemba
SectionB:FireandExplosion-AStudyofFlameSpread
inEngineeredCardboardFuelBedsPartI:Correlations
andObservationsofFlameSpread. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
MarkA.Finney,JasonForthofer,IsaacC.Grenfell,
BrittanyA.Adam,NelsonK.Akafuah,andKozoSaito
SectionB:FireandExplosion-AStudyofFlameSpread
inEngineeredCardboardFuelBedsPartII:
ScalingLawApproach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
BrittanyA.Adam,NelsonK.Akafuah,MarkA.Finney,
JasonForthofer,andKozoSaito
vii
viii Contents
SectionB:FireandExplosion-ApplicationofPressure
FireModelingUnderLowPressure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
ZhihuiZhou,JianWang,andRichardKwokKitYuen
SectionB:FireandExplosion-ObservationofConfined
DeflagrationPhenomenaofFlammableGasMixtures
UnderElevatedGravity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
HiroyasuSaitoh,TakaakiMizutani,SayuriKurihara,
andTomohitoHori
SectionB:FireandExplosion-ExtinguishmentCharacteristics
ofaJetDiffusionFlamewithInert-GasVortexRing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
YukiChiba,HiroyukiTorikai,andAkihikoIto
SectionB:FireandExplosion-EffectofGravityonFlame
SpreadAlongaThinCombustibleSolidforDifferentSample
OrientationsinOpposedFlow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
HiroyukiTorikai,AkihikoIto,andYujiKudo
SectionB:FireandExplosion-ScaleEffectsonConsequence
AnalysisofAccidentalExplosions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
RitsuDobashi,SatoshiKawamura,
IkutoNishimura,andKazunoriKuwana
SectionB:FireandExplosion-PreliminaryReducedScale
ExperimentalStudyonPoolFiresinTunnels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
L.W.Pan,S.M.Lo,B.H.Cong,R.K.K.Yuen,TaoWei,
T.S.H.Liang,andG.X.Liao
SectionB:FireandExplosion-Scale-ModelExperiment
ofWind-GeneratedFireWhirls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
KazunoriKuwana,KozoSekimoto,andKozoSaito
SectionC:Structures-SeismicBehaviorofBatter-Pile
FoundationBasedonCentrifugeTests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
HiroyukiKimata,TakashiTazoh,JihoJang,YoichiTaji,
YasunobuSakai,andGeorgeGazetas
SectionC:Structures-CharacteristicsoftheWindmill
StructuralFatigueLoadinNaturalWind. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
HironoriKikugawa,MasaruSato,andTomekZiemba
Contents ix
PartII EngineeringDesignPerformanceEvaluation
andFundamentalUnderstandingUsingScaleModels
CharacteristicsofTemperatureFieldsandFlowFields
inaHeatedStreetCanyonbyScaleModeling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
HironoriKikugawa,TomoyaSato,YukiYonezawa,
NobumasaSekishita,andTomekZiemba
AStudyoftheTransitionfromNaturalConvection
toForceConvectioninPlainandLouveredFins
withScalingSimulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
KengHooChuahandWohPengFun
ScaleandNumericalModelingofanAir-Based
DensitySeparator. . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . 225
TathagataGhosh,MohammadRezaee,RickQ.Honaker,
andKozoSaito
Scale-UpofChemicalLoopingCombustion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
FangLiu,SaitoKozo,andKunleiLiu
ScaleEffectonSolidFuelRegressioninCAMUI-Type
HybridRocketMotor. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 249
HarunoriNagataandMitsunoriIto
ScaleEffectAnalysisforLocomotionSystems
inDifferentGravityFields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
KazuyaYoshidaandHavardLund
ScaleModelingofFlameSpreadOverPE-Coated
ElectricWires. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
YujiNakamura,KeisukeAzumaya,JunyaIwakami,
andKaoruWakatsuki
ScaleModelingofAir-DroppedWaterforAerial
FirefightingAgainstUrbanFire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
HironoriKikugawa,TadashiKonishi,andKeitaHirano
EffectofPorosityonFlameSpreadAlongaThin
CombustibleSolidwithRandomlyDistributedPores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
YukitoWatanabe,AkihikoIto,andHiroyukiTorikai
Epilogue:ScaleModelingandMeditation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
TadaoTakeno