Table Of ContentProgress in Infancy
Research
Volume 3
Edited by
Harlene Hayne and
Jeffrey Fagen
T
PROGRESS IN INFANCY
RESEARCH, VOLUME 3
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PROGRESS IN INFANCY
RESEARCH, VOLUME 3
Edited by
Harlene Hayne
University of Otago
Jeffrey Fagen
St. John's University
Vp Psychology Press
A Taylor & Francis Croup
NEW YORK AND HOVE
Copyright © 2003 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any
form, by photostat, microform, retrieval system, or any other
means, without prior written permission of the publisher.
First published by
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers
10 Industrial Avenue
Mahwah, NJ 07430
This edition published 2013 by Psychology Press
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New York Hove
NY 10017 East Sussex, BN3 2FA
Psychology Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Croup, an informa business
Cover design by Kathryn Houghtaling Lacey
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN 978-0-805-84327-9
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
List of Contributors xi
Preface xiii
Dedication xvii
1. Reflections 1
Harold W. Stevenson, Byron A. Campbell, William A. Mason,
Marshall M. Haith, Joseph F. Fagan III, Lewis P. Lipsitt,
Mechthild Papousek, and Harriet L. Rheingold
2. Infants' Perception of Arrows of Time 55
William ]. Friedman
RESEARCH ON HUMANS' SENSITIVITY TO ARROWS
OF TIME 57
Adults'Ratings of Anomaly 57
Directional Preferences in Infants 59
Directional Differences in 4- and 8-Month-Olds 60
Directional Differences in 12- and 17-Month-Olds 69
The Contribution of Perceptual Features 71
Acceleration 71
A Hybrid Gravity Event 75
vi CONTENTS
Liquid Dynamics 75
The Effects of Screening 79
The Roles of Animacy and Human Agency 79
Is There a Gravity Module? 82
Effects of Learning 85
CONCLUSION 88
REFERENCES 91
3. Recognition Memory and Novelty Preference: 95
What Model?
Olivier Pascalis and Michelle de Haan
THE VISUAL PAIRED COMPARISON PROCEDURE 96
Studies Showing A Novelty Preference 99
Studies Showing A Familiarity Preference 99
MODELS OF FAMILIARITY AND NOVELTY
PREFERENCE 100
Age 100
Encoding 101
Affect 103
Individual Differences in Encoding 103
Delay 103
Delays 104
Motion/Static 105
Length of Familiarization and Recognition Test 105
Null Preference 106
STUDIES WITH ADULTS 107
Humans 107
Nonhuman Primates 107
ERPs 108
NOVELTY PREFERENCE MODEL 112
CONCLUDING REMARKS 115
REFERENCES 115
4. Relation Between Perceptual Input and Infant Memory 121
Peter Gerhardstein and Rebecca West
OVERVIEW 124
ARE INFANT AND ADULT MEMORY SYSTEMS
QUALITATIVELY DIFFERENT? 125
CONTENTS vii
PROCEDURES FOR STUDYING MEMORY
IN INFANTS 126
Operant Training: The Mobile Procedure 126
Reactivation of Infant Memories 128
Deferred Imitation Tests of Infant Memory 130
EVIDENCE FOR THE EXISTENCE OF AN ADULT-LIKE
MEMORY DICHOTOMY AT 3 MONTHS OF AGE 131
A Behavioral Dissocation at 3 Months 131
Evidence for a Linear Progression in Early Memory
Development 136
Attentional Influences on Retention Duration
at 3 Months 138
Are Infant Tasks Using the Mobile Procedure Equivalent
to the Adult Tasks? 140
PERCEPTUAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INFANTS
AND ADULTS 142
A Perceptual Constraint on Retrieval 142
Color Pop-Out is Perceptually Controlled in Infants
but Not in Adults 146
IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENTAL AND NON-
DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES 149
REFERENCES 151
5. The Development of Object Individuation in Infancy 159
Fei Xu
TWO INDIVIDUATION SYSTEMS IN ADULTS:
OBJECT-BASED SYSTEM AND KIND-BASED
SYSTEM 161
Object Based Individuation System in Adults 161
Kind-Based Individuation System in Adults 162
WHEN DOES THE OBJECT-BASED INDIVIDUATION
SYSTEM DEVELOP IN INFANTS? 165
WHEN DOES THE KIND-BASED INDIVIDUATION
SYSTEM DEVELOP IN INFANTS? 168
When Do Infants Begin to Use Object Kind Information
for Object Individuation? 168
Did 12-Month-Old Infants Use Perceptual Property
or Object Kind Information when they Succeeded
in Xu and Carey's (1996) Object Individuation Task? 172
Object Individuation Studies and Infant Categorization
Studies 174
viii CONTENTS
OTHER EVIDENCE CORROBORATING
THE DEVELOPMENT OF KIND REPRESENTATIONS
TOWARD THE END OF THE FIRST YEAR 174
THE ROLE OF PERCEPTUAL PROPERTY INFORMATION:
A RESOLUTION FOR CONFLICTING DATA 175
The Narrow/Wide Screen Experiments and a Possible
Alternative Interpretation 177
The Single-Trajectory Experiments and an Analysis
of the Conflicting Results 178
A Conflict Between Perceptual Property Information
and Spatiotemporal Information? 181
Characterizing the Two Systems of Object Individuation
in Infants 183
MECHANISM OF CHANGE: HOW DOES THE KIND-BASED
INDIVIDUATION SYSTEM DEVELOP? 183
Empirical Findings on the Facilitation Effects
of Labeling 184
What Exactly is the Role of Labeling? 187
CONCLUDING REMARKS 188
REFERENCES 189
6. Object Individuation in Infancy 193
Teresa Wilcox, Amy Schweinle, and Catherine Chapa
INFANTS' USE OF FEATURAL INFORMATION
TO INDIVIDUATE OBJECTS 194
Negative Findings 194
An Alternative Interpretation of the Negative
Findings 197
Event Mapping: Testing Assumptions 200
Test of Assumption 1: A Change in Event Category 200
Test of Assumption 2: Simplifying the Event 202
A Further Test of Assumption 2: Making Clearer
the Spatial Structures of Events 204
Positive Findings Obtained with an Event-Monitoring
Task 207
The Wide- and Narrow-Screen Results 207
The Tunnel Effect as an Explanation for the Narrozv-Screen
Results 209
INFANTS' DIFFERENTIAL SENSITIVITY TO FORM
AND SURFACE FEATURES 211
CONTENTS
Shape, Size, Pattern, and Color Experiments 212
Facilitating Infants' Use of Surface Features 213
Color Findings 213
Pattern Findings 219
Differential Sensitivity to Features: Further Discussion 224
Why Do Infants Demonstrate Sensitivity to Form Features
Before Surface Features? 224
Hoiv Did Viewing the Pound-Pour Pretest Events Increase
Infants' Sensitivity to Surface Features? 226
Additional Comments 221
OBJECT INDIVIDUATION AND OBJECT
IDENTIFICATION 228
Object Identification and the Binding Problem 229
Object Identification and Feature Binding
in 7.5- and 5.5-Month-Olds 231
THE EARLY REPRESENTATIONAL SYSTEM:
SOME SUGGESTIONS 235
CONCLUSIONS 238
REFERENCES 238
7. Processing of Rapidly Presented Auditory Cues
in Infancy: Implications for Later Language
Development
April A. Benasich and Hilary J. Leevers
THE RESEARCH QUESTION 247
SENSORY PROCESSING ABILITIES: RELATIONS
TO LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 247
SPECIFIC LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT 250
N EURO PATHOLOGICAL AND NEUROLOGICAL STUDIES
OF LANGUAGE-BASED LEARNING
IMPAIRMENTS 252
THE NEUROPATHOLOGY OF PRETERM VERY LOW
BIRTHWEIGHT INFANTS 254
SUMMARY 255
STUDIES OF INFANT RAP 256
Overview: Assessment of Sensory Information Processing
in Infants 256
Operant Conditioning Procedures 257
Habituation and Recognition Memory 258
