Table Of ContentPROGRESS IN ELECTRON PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
WITH LOW-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES
Editor-in-Chief
F. LEVY,/nstitut de Physique Appliquee, EPFL,
Departement de Physique, PHB-Ecublens, CH-I015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Honorary Editor
E. MOOSER, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
International Advisory Board
S. BARISIC, Department oj Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Zagreb, Yugoslavia
J. G. BEDNORZ, IBM Forschungslaboratorium, Riischlikon, Switzerland
R. GIRLANDA, Universita di Messina, Messina, Italy
D. HAARER, University ofB ayreuth, F R.G.
H. KAMIMURA, Faculty of Science, Department oj Physics, University oJ Tokyo, Japan
W. Y. LIANG, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, U.K.
P. MONCEAU, CNRS, Grenoble, France
J. ROUXEL, CNRS, Nantes, France
M. SCHLUTER, AT&T, Murray Hill, N.J., U.SA.
C. F. v. BRUGGEN, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
1. ZSCHOKKE, Universitiit Basel, Basel, Switzerland
VOLUME 10
PROGRESS IN
ELECTRON PROPERTIES
OF SOLIDS
Festschrift in honour of Franco Bassani
Edited by
E.DONI
CN.R., Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
R.GIRLANDA
Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Universita di Messina, Messina, Italy
G. PASTORI PARRA VICINI
Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
A. QUATIROPANI
Institut de Physique Theorique, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
DORDRECHT I BOSTON I LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Progress in electron properties of solids.
(Physics and chemistry of materials with low
dimensional structures ; v. 10)
1. Electron transport. 2. Solid state physics.
3. Bassani, F. I. Girlanda, R. II. Bassani, F.
III. Series.
QCl76.8.E4p757 1989 530.4'12 39-20063
ISBN-13: 978-94-010-7590-9 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-2419-2
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-2419-2
Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
P.O. Box 17,3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates
the publishing programmes of
D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press.
Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada
by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A.
In all other countries, sold and distributed
by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group,
P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 1989 by Kluwer Academic Publishers
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1989
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical
including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
Table of Contents
Preface ......................................................................................................................................................... ix
Foreword by E11IIJ1Iuei Mooser ..................................•................................................................................. 1
Optical and TllUL'ipOI1 Properties
Marvin L. Cohen
Theory of bands, bonds, and optical properties of semiconductors ....................................................... 3
O.B. Bachelet, D.M. Ceperley, M.O.B. Chiocchetti and L. Mitas
Atomic pseudo-Hamiltonians for Quantum Monte Carlo .................................................................. 11
W. Andreoni
On the electronic and structural properties of small clusters .............................................................. 27
K.Cho
ABC theory vs. ABC free theory of exciton polariton ........................................................................ 41
M. Cardona and S. Gopalan
Temperature dependence of the band structure of semiconductors: electron-phonon interaction ..... 51
A.K. Ramdas and S. Rodriguez
Piezospectroscopy: electronic states and phonons in semiconductors and insulators ........................ 65
G. Iadonis~ V. Cataudella and D. Ninno
Polaronic effects on free and harmonically bound electrons in magnetic field .................................. 99
A. Balzarotti, U.M. Grassano, M. Piacentini and R. Rosei
Spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation ........................................................................................... 111
P.Kocevar
Theoretical studies of the transient response of highly photoexcited carriers in semiconductors ... 125
A: Borghesi, L. Nosenzo, A. Stella, G. Guizzetti and F. Levy
Optical spectroscopy in transition-metal dichalcogenides ................................................................. 139
V. Grasso and G. Saitta
Lifetime measurements of KBr :T I + by a multifrequency phase fluorometer ................................. 153
Excitons, Correlations and Collective Phenomena
W. Czaja
Exciton interactions. Interaction between bound excitons and impurities as well as
between bound excitons ...................................................................................................................... 161
J.-L. Staehli
Exciton interactions. Interactions off ree excitons ............................................................................ 175
M.S. Brodin, I.V. Blonskij and S.V. Marisova
The spectral manifestation of weakly coupled mixed states of excitons and lattice deformation.. 185
A. Baldereschi and N. Binggeli
Two-particle Coulomb systems in a magnetic field ........................................................................... 197
vi Table of Contents
R. Colle and S. Simonucci
A simple approach for estimating Auger decay rates and resonances energies in molecules ......... 211
M. Rovere, G. Senatore and M.P. Tosi
Ordering transitions induced by Coulomb interactions ..................................................................... 221
L. Pietronero
Pinned charge density waves as models of glassy behavior .............................................................. 239
C. Castellani, C. Di Castro and G. Strinati
Renormalized Boltzmann equation and Fermi liquid theory
for strongly disordered electron systems ............................................................................................ 247
Nonlinear Optics
D. Frohlich
Nonlinear magnetooptics in solids ...................................................................................................... 255
B. Honerlage, R. Levy and J.-B. Grun
Dynamics of the coherent and noncoherent nonlinear susceptibility in CuCl. ................................. 275
I.M. Catalano and A. Cingolani
Multiphoton spectroscopy in direct and indirect gap materials ........................................................ 291
Superconductivity
J.C. Phillips
Superconductivity energy gaps in the high-T,. layered cuprates ....................................................... 303
F.C. Brown
Photoemission studies of YBa2Cu307 and related high temperature superconductors ................. 305
T.O. Woodruff
Understanding the oxide superconductors ......................................................................................... 319
Surfaces, quantum wells and superlattices
G. Chiarotti and P. Chiaradia
Optical properties of semiconductors surfaces ................................................................................... 331
G. Campagnoli and E. Tosatti
Plasmons of a single graphite layer floating on a metal surface ...................................................... 337
M. Altarelli
Electronic states in semiconductor superlattices and quantum wells ................................................ 353
G. Harbeke
Electronic states and optical transitions in quantum wells ............................................................... 373
M. SchlUter and M.S. Hybertsen
A self energy approach for optical transition energies in semiconductors and superlattices ........... 385
M.Y. Jiang and E. Burstein
Three-wave mixing via subband levels in inversion layers and in quantum wells ........................... 395
R.D. Graft, G. Grosso, D.J. Lohrmann, L. Martinelli,
S. Moroni, G. Pastori Parravicini and L. Resca
Electronic spectra of solids, impurities and superstructures with
the recursion and renormalization methods ....................................................................................... 409
J.D. Dow, Jun Shen and Shang Yuan Ren
Core excitons in strained-layer super/attices ..................................................................................... 439
Table of Contents vii
V. Marigiiano Ramagiia. B. Preziosi. A. Tagliacozzo and F. Ventriglia
Quantum harmonic oscillator in a magnetic field:
an example of holomorphic representation ........................................................................................ 451
Preface
This volume on the novelties in the electronic properties of solids appears in occasion of
Franco Bassani sixtieth birthday, and is dedicated to honour a scientific activity which
has contributed so much of the development of this very active area of research. It is re
markable that this book can cover so large a part of the current research on electronic
properties of solids by contributions from Bassani's former students, collaborators at
different stages of his scientific life, and physicists from all over the world who have been
in close scientific relationship with him. A personal flavour therefore accompanies a
number of the papers of this volume, which are both up-to-date reports on present
research and original recollections of the early events of modern solid state physics.
The volume begins with a few contributions dealing with theoretical procedures for
electronic energy levels, a primary step toward the interpretation of structural and optical
properties of extended and confined systems. Other papers concern the interacting state
of electrons with light (polaritons) and the effect of the coupling of electrons with lattice
vibrations, with emphasis on the thermal behaviour of the electron levels and on such
experimental procedures as piezospectroscopy. Electron-lattice interaction in external
magnetic field and transport-related properties due to high light excitation are also con
sidered. The impact of synchroton radiation on condensed matter spectroscopy is dis
cussed in a topical contribution, and optical measurements are presented for extended
and impurity levels.
Electronic collective properties are to be taken into account to improve or modify the
results obtained by the more traditional single-particle description. Excitons, their
interactions, also in the presence of lattice coupling, are covered in a few contributions.
Also more specific correlation effects in the presence of magnetic fields, in Auger transi
tions, and as origin of order phenomena are discussed. Collective effects in the theory of
glassy and disordered materials complete the survey of this topic of large theoretical and
experimental impact.
Other papers are devoted to nonlinear spectroscopy, a field which has grown in the
last years as a refined implementation to traditional spectroscopy. The topics presented
in the following deal with magnetooptics, coherence effects and multiphoton spectros
copy.
High-Tc superconductivity has by now become a turning point in material research.
Theoretical approaches toward the understanding of different classes of superconducting
materials are presented together with experimental photoernission results.
Finally, the wide area of two-dimensional electronic systems is largely covered with
contributions on the optical properties of surfaces and layered coatings. A few papers are
then devoted to the theoretical and experimental analysis of electronic states in superlat
tices and quantum wells; new theoretical approaches and computational procedures are
examined for dealing with electronic levels and electronic transitions in such systems.
More specific experimental effects in quantum wells, and theory of core excitons in super
lattices are also considered.
In conclusion, we are confident that such a rich and various range of contributions
gathered in this volume should constitute an adequate survey of present research on the
electronic properties of condensed matter, as well as an appropriate tribute to Franco
Bassani scientific achievements in the field.
The Editors
ix
TO FRANCO BASSANI
On the occasion of his sixtieth birthday, October 1989
On October 29, 1989 Professor Franco Bassani, eminent Italian Physicist, celebrates his
sixtieth birthday. A small group of his friends and colleagues has decided to mark this
occasion, by presenting to him a collection of actual scientific results, elaborated by those
physicists all over the world, who owe so much to Bassani's outstanding teaching and
research work. The present volume is the tangible result of this decision, and although a
severe selection had to be made among the very numerous potential contributors, the edi
tors feel confident that it is representative of Bassani's tremendous influence upon the
development of modern solid state physics.
Franco Bassani is born on October 29, 1929 in Milano, the capital city of Lombardia,
the most industrious and fertile part of northern Italy. He studies physics at the Univer
sity of Pavia, where, in November 1952, he obtains his diploma with special mention
(laurea con lode). His excellent performances as a student earn him a stipend of the
Italian National Research Council, which allows him to carry out his first personal
research project on defects in ionic crystals at the University of Milan.
In 1954 he leaves Italy to pursue the same subject for two more years in the research
group of Frederick Seitz at the University of Illinois in Urbana, USA. This first expatri
ation is of considerable importance for Bassani's professional development, since with
Seitz, Bardeen and others, Illinois University had become a world famous center for solid
state research.
Following his nomination in 1956 he comes back to his native country, where he holds
the position of 'professore incaricato' (assistant professor) first at the University of
Palermo and then, from 1957 to 1959, at his Alma Mater, the University of Pavia. It is
here that he begins to develop the keen interest in the electronic structure of semiconduc
tors and insulators, which constitutes one of the landmarks of Bassani's scientific work.
The dynamic evolution of solid state theory, which he had encountered earlier in
Urbana, brings him back to the United States in 1959 as research associate of the
Argonne National Laboratory in Argonne, Illinois. He continues his work on the elec
tronic states in solids and makes his decisive contributions to calculations of band struc
tures both by the tight-binding approach and the method of orthogonal plane waves. In
this context he proposes a new procedure for band calculations, which has since become
known under the name of pseudo-potential method, and he contributes actively to its
development. Today this method is a well established tool, used by theoreticians around
the world, permitting not only band calculations but also the determination of the total
energy of crystals.
Early 1964 Bassani reintegrates Italy after having been nominated full professor at the
University of Messina. His arrival there marks the beginning of a most impressive carrier
in the Italian University System. Thus, in 1966 he becomes professor for theoretical phy
sics at the University of Pisa, only to move on to Rome University in 1969.
If Rome appears to many as the culmination of a brilliant carrier, it could not entirely
satisfy Bassani. Indeed, toward the end of the 1970's life in Rome had become difficult
R. Girlanda et al. (eds.), Progress on Electron Properties ofS olids, 1-2.
© 1989 by Kluwer Academic Publishers.
