Table Of ContentGoreti Marreiros · Francisco S. Melo ·
Nuno Lau · Henrique Lopes Cardoso ·
Luís Paulo Reis (Eds.)
1
8 Progress in
9
2
1
AI Artificial Intelligence
N
L
20th EPIA Conference on Artificial Intelligence, EPIA 2021
Virtual Event, September 7–9, 2021
Proceedings
123
fi
Lecture Notes in Arti cial Intelligence 12981
Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Series Editors
Randy Goebel
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Yuzuru Tanaka
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Wolfgang Wahlster
DFKI and Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
Founding Editor
Jörg Siekmann
DFKI and Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
More information about this subseries at http://www.springer.com/series/1244
Goreti Marreiros Francisco S. Melo
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Nuno Lau Henrique Lopes Cardoso
(cid:129) (cid:129)
í
Lu s Paulo Reis (Eds.)
Progress in
fi
Arti cial Intelligence
fi
20th EPIA Conference on Arti cial Intelligence, EPIA 2021
–
Virtual Event, September 7 9, 2021
Proceedings
123
Editors
Goreti Marreiros Francisco S.Melo
ISEP/GECAD IST/INESC-ID
Polytechnic Institute ofPorto University of Lisbon
Porto, Portugal Porto Salvo, Portugal
Nuno Lau Henrique LopesCardoso
DETI/IEETA FEUP/LIACC
University of Aveiro University of Porto
Aveiro, Portugal Porto, Portugal
Luís PauloReis
FEUP/LIACC
University of Porto
Porto, Portugal
ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic)
Lecture Notesin Artificial Intelligence
ISBN 978-3-030-86229-9 ISBN978-3-030-86230-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86230-5
LNCSSublibrary:SL7–ArtificialIntelligence
©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2021
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe
material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynow
knownorhereafterdeveloped.
Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication
doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant
protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookare
believedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsortheeditors
give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or
omissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaimsin
publishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG
Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland
Preface
This volume contains the papers presented at the 20th EPIA Conference on Artificial
Intelligence (EPIA 2021), held during September 7–9, 2021, in Portugal. The EPIA
Conference on Artificial Intelligence is a well-established European conference in the
field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 20th edition
of the conference took place online.1 As in previous editions, this international con-
ference was hosted with the patronage of the Portuguese Association for Artificial
Intelligence (APPIA).2 The purpose of this conference is to promote research in all
areas of AI, covering both theoretical/foundational issues and applications, and the
scientific exchange among researchers, engineers, and practitioners in related
disciplines.
Asinpreviouseditions,theprogramwasbasedonasetofthematictracksproposed
bytheAIcommunity,dedicatedtospecificthemesofAI.EPIA2021encompassed12
tracks:
AIoTA Artificial Intelligence and IoT in Agriculture
AIL Artificial Intelligence and Law
AIM Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
AIPES Artificial Intelligence in Power and Energy Systems
AITS Artificial Intelligence in Transportation Systems
ALEA Artificial Life and Evolutionary Algorithms
AmIA Ambient Intelligence and Affective Environments
GAI General Artificial Intelligence
IROBOT Intelligent Robotics
KDBI Knowledge Discovery and Business Intelligence
MASTA Multi-agent Systems: Theory and Applications
TeMA Text Mining and Applications
The conference program included four invited talks:
Virginia Dignum (Umeå University, Sweden),
with a talk on “Responsible AI: From principles to action”;
Shimon Whiteson (University of Oxford, UK),
with a talk on “Factored value functions for cooperative multi-agent rein-
forcement learning”;
Lucia Specia (Imperial College London, UK),
with a talk on “Multimodal simultaneous machine translation”;
1 Theconferencewebsitecanbefoundathttp://www.appia.pt/epia2021/.
2 http://www.appia.pt.
vi Preface
Fredrik Heintz (Linköping University, Sweden),
with a talk on “Trustworthy human-centric AI: The European approach”.
For this edition, 108 paper submissions were received from authors in 21 different
countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Brazil, Czech Republic, France, Germany, India,
Iraq,Italy,Mexico,Morocco,theNetherlands,Norway,Portugal,Russia,Serbia,South
Africa,Spain,Turkey,theUK,andtheUSA).Afteracarefulreviewprocess,62papers
were selected to be presented at EPIA 2021. The acceptance rate was thus circa 57%.
AllacceptedpaperswerecarefullyrevisedbyatleastthreereviewersfromtheProgram
Committee of the corresponding track.
We thank the thematic track organizing chairs, together with their respective Pro-
gram Committee members, for their hard work. We would also like to express our
gratitude to all the members of the EPIA International Steering Committee for their
guidance regarding the scientific organization of EPIA 2021.
Thank you all.
September 2021 Goreti Marreiros
Francisco S. Melo
Nuno Lau
Henrique Lopes Cardoso
Luís Paulo Reis
Organization
Event and Program Chairs
Goreti Marreiros GECAD, Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal
Francisco S. Melo INESC-ID, Instituto Superior Técnico,
University of Lisbon, Portugal
Nuno Lau IEETA, University of Aveiro, Portugal
Henrique Lopes Cardoso LIACC, University of Porto, Portugal
Luís Paulo Reis LIACC, University of Porto, Portugal
Steering Committee
Ana Bazzan Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Ann Nowe Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
Catholijn Jonker Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
Ernesto Costa University of Coimbra, Portugal
Eugénio Oliveira University of Porto, Portugal
Helder Coelho University of Lisbon, Portugal
João Pavão Martins University of Lisbon, Portugal
José Júlio Alferes NOVA University Lisbon, Portugal
Juan Pavón Universidad Complutense Madrid, Spain
Luís Paulo Reis University of Porto, Portugal
Paulo Novais University of Minho, Portugal
Pavel Brazdil University of Porto, Portugal
Virginia Dignum Umeå University, Sweden
Track Chairs
Artificial Intelligence and IoT in Agriculture
José Boaventura Cunha UniversityofTrás-os-MontesandAltoDouro,Portugal
Josenalde Barbosa Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Paulo Moura Oliveira UniversityofTrás-os-MontesandAltoDouro,Portugal
Raul Morais UniversityofTrás-os-MontesandAltoDouro,Portugal
Artificial Intelligence and Law
Pedro Freitas Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Portugal
Paulo Novais University of Minho, Portugal
Massimo Durante University of Torino, Italy
Ugo Pagallo University of Torino, Italy
viii Organization
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Manuel Filipe Santos University of Minho, Portugal
Carlos Filipe Portela University of Minho, Portugal
Allan Tucker Brunel University London, UK
Manuel Fernandez Delgado University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Artificial Intelligence in Power and Energy Systems
Zita Vale Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal
Tiago Pinto Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal
Pedro Faria Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal
Elena Mocanu University of Twente, The Netherlands
DecebalConstantinMocanu University of Twente, The Netherlands
Artificial Intelligence in Transportation Systems
Rosaldo Rossetti University of Porto, Portugal
Alberto Fernandez Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain
Artificial Life and Evolutionary Algorithms
Ivo Gonçalves University of Coimbra, Portugal
Mauro Castelli NOVA IMS, Portugal
Luca Manzoni University of Trieste, Italy
Leonardo Trujillo Technical Institute of Tijuana, Mexico
Carlos Henggeler Antunes University of Coimbra, Portugal
Ambient Intelligence and Affective Environments
Ana Almeida Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal
Sara Rodriguez University of Salamanca, Spain
Goreti Marreiros Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal
Paulo Novais University of Minho, Portugal
Peter Mikulecky University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
General Artificial Intelligence
Goreti Marreiros Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal
Francisco S. Melo University of Lisbon, Portugal
Nuno Lau University of Aveiro, Portugal
Henrique Lopes Cardoso University of Porto, Portugal
Luís Paulo Reis University of Porto, Portugal
Organization ix
Intelligent Robotics
João Fabro Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Brazil
Reinaldo Bianchi Centro Universitário da FEI, Brazil
Nuno Lau University of Aveiro, Portugal
Luís Paulo Reis University of Porto, Portugal
Knowledge Discovery and Business Intelligence
Paulo Cortez University of Minho, Portugal
Albert Bifet Université Paris-Saclay, France
Luís Cavique Universidade Aberta, Portugal
João Gama University of Porto, Portugal
Nuno Marques NOVA University Lisbon, Portugal
Manuel Filipe Santos University of Minho, Portugal
Multi-agent Systems: Theory and Applications
Ana Paula Rocha University of Porto, Portugal
João Balsa University of Lisbon, Portugal
Graçaliz Pereira Dimuro Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Brazil
Alberto Fernandez Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain
Text Mining and Applications
Joaquim Silva NOVA University Lisbon, Portugal
Pablo Gamallo University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Paulo Quaresma University of Évora, Portugal
Irene Rodrigues University of Évora, Portugal
Program Committee
Artificial Intelligence and IoT in Agriculture
Andrés Muñoz Ortega Catholic University of Murcia, Spain
Aneesh Chauhan WageningenUniversityandResearch,TheNetherlands
António Valente UniversityofTrás-os-MontesandAltoDouro,Portugal
Brett Whelan University of Sydney, Australia
Bruno Tisseyre University of Montpellier, France
Carlos Eduardo Cugnasca University of São Paulo, Brazil
Carlos Serôdio UniversityofTrás-os-MontesandAltoDouro,Portugal
Dinos Ferentinos Hellenic Agricultural Organization “Demeter”, Greece
Eduardo Solteiro Pires UniversityofTrás-os-MontesandAltoDouro,Portugal
Emanuel Peres UniversityofTrás-os-MontesandAltoDouro,Portugal
Filipe Santos University of Porto, Portugal
