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Proficiency English
Proficiency Engiish
Book 1: Language and Composition
W oS Cowler
¥. 5. Fowler
Nelson
‘Thomas Nelson gnc Sums Lid
amit Road
Middlesex TW16 7HE
PA}. Box 18123 Nairobi Kenya
‘Thomas Nelson (Anstralia) Ltd
19-3Y Jeficott Street West Melbourne Victoria 3003
‘Thamas Nelson and Sons (Canada) Ltd
‘Ontario
‘Thomas Neison (Nigeria) Lad
8 Munejn Bypass PMB 1303 Tkeia Lagos
© W. 5. Towler 1976
017 555117 0
All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication
or transmitted, in uny form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording
or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers.
CONTENTS
Jotrodnetion
Section One - Essentiai Siruciures
and Gonnecters 1
| The Package Deal ~ Present time - simple sentence
connecters - use and omission of “the* — participles and
Shop (dialogue) — idiomatic usage (present time).
Discussion wad Situation themes: packaging, litter,
Your Bean Steak, Sir! — Future time — concession clauses
and connecters - the reason why - likely — relative udverbs
usage (future time).
Discussion and Si
expl it of problems, faifures. i8
4 A Kind of Sermon — it (all impersonal structures) —
gerund and patticiple — yon and one — what (the thing
26
in Tep of the Voicano — aii iorms oi compurisun — one(s)
felated th posses:
Most Persistent Salesman in the Wer
idiomatic usage (comparison),
i, wui thyuakes,
ete., insurance, salesmanship, buying and selfing. as
6 Take-Over ~ relative clanses (defining, non es
co-ordinate) — The Acndemiz: Rut-roxe (dialogue) — contact
Discussion and Situation themes: stocks and shares,
business, gambling, collecting, situations involving use of
reiative cinuses. 43
7 The Machine Says You're Lying — noun vlnuses — By God,
They Frighten Me! (distogue) — exctamations — indirect
ni — roparted speech — idiomatic question forms,
Discussion and Situation themes: lie detectors, military
service, social service, situations involving enthasiasm,
anger, ete.
51
& The Magic Shrub — So You Want to Come to University
(dialogue) — articles — countable/uncountabl
Discusion and Situation themes: nature and the human
Tact, careers, university entrance, interviews. 61
°
muy — us and like — politeness forms with can and could —
reported speech (can and may).
fall forms
reas) —
politeness forms with conditionals — Sball 12, shall we? and
Jet's — like and kind of.
Discussion aud Sitwai 3
situations involving conditions. 80
11 How to Succeed in Business without Really Trying
& , Ste.
politeness forms with will - idiomatic usage of will, should,
‘ought to, must and need - need and get something donc —
sui, yet and aiready.
Di and Sitvation themes: office work, situations
involving prohibition, necessity, etc. 90
12 The Marriage Game (disloguc) use of Present Perfect and
Pasi termes - puiierns for uniuitilied actions - quite.
Discussion and Situation thames: marriage,
congratulations, unfelfilled expectations. 100
ao
A
Past Perfect tenses — be to- clanses of degree — Slauses of
purpose — np — still and even.
Discussion themes: aniversities. 107
14 King Edward Vi (Patrick O'Donovan) = The Passive
voice — suhjunetives — purpose clauses with subjunctive —
na
is The fe Norti-west Fassage Conquered (George W
Perfect pardelple and Past
(substitute subject)
Situation themes: general revision. 123
Section Two — Sentence Construction 131
131
H Synthest 135
© Paragraph writing 139
Seciion Three — Types of Modern
En i 142
145
Instructions 148
Adveriizemenis sz
Section Four — Papular and
Humerous Journalism 157
4A Popular Journalism 157
45 Humorous Journalism 107
‘The fact that you are beginning tu study this haok shows that you
are no longer what is called sn Intermediate student of Eugiish but
gan he considered Advanced — thet d that
yau can express yourself quite well in English, both in speaking and
In writing. This book is intended ta help you to improve still further
no that you can reach the point where people will say that your
a level red by the Cambridge Proficiency
examination, for example.
You will see my personal opinion of the difficulties ahead of you
= the in 4af this book, may
nay
he helpful for me to make the main points of my argument bere,
hefnre you start. In the first place, there is still quite along way to go
before you can deel sure that your English is fuent. You have
probably noticed yourself thet while you cum express your ideas in
Wnglish clearly enough, you anly know one way of saying or writing
them. You would like to be abie to vary this a lire, depending on
is company around you or the situation you indy 0, jr
you would in your own language. In the sume way, while you
Understand your teacher perfectly, you may sometimes not find itso
cary to follow ordinary English ot American people who do not
book §
expose” you to as many variations of moder English us possible
and help you to use them yourself in the uppropriate circum-
nlntices,
tiuent in Englith does not really depend on learning a lot of more
vomplicated | structures than you have studied already. Good mad-
ern pica’
depends on the correct use of structures and the connecting words
orf phrases that link sentences together. You will find some of these
in the paragraphs above — “that is to say,” “tor exampie, 7
demonstrate by examples the use of such phrases 30 that you will be
encouraged to try them out for yourself in your own specch and
writing.
t
inglieh yon have leamt his heen selected
tor you, especially if you have studied in your own cauntry, rather
Ian in England. You have learnt the most useful and necessary
