Professional Practice for Landscape Architects, Second Edition

308 Pages·2007·1.28 MB·English

by  Nicola Garmory

Prelims-H6902.qxd 11/29/06 3:11 PM Page i
Professional Practice for Landscape Architects
This page intentionally left blank
Prelims-H6902.qxd 11/29/06 3:11 PM Page iii
Professional
Practice for
Landscape
Architects
Second edition
Nicola Garmory, Rachel Tennant and
Clare Winsch
AMSTERDAM (cid:127) BOSTON (cid:127) HEIDELBERG (cid:127) LONDON (cid:127) NEW YORK (cid:127) OXFORD
PARIS (cid:127) SAN DIEGO (cid:127) SAN FRANCISCO (cid:127) SINGAPORE (cid:127) SYDNEY (cid:127) TOKYO
Architectural Press is an imprint of Elsevier
Prelims-H6902.qxd 11/29/06 3:11 PM Page iv
Architectural Press is an imprint of Elsevier
Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP
30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA01803, USA
First edition 2002
Second edition 2007
Copyright © 2002, 2007, Nicola Garmory, Rachel Tenant and Clare Winsch.
Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
The right of Nicola Garmory, Rachel Tenant and Clare Winsch to be identified
as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher
Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights
Department in Oxford, UK: phone ((cid:1)44) (0) 1865 843830; fax ((cid:1)44) (0) 1865 853333;
email: [email protected]. Alternatively you can submit your request online
by visiting the Elsevier web site at http://elsevier.com/locate/permissions, and
selecting Obtaining permission to use Elsevier material
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Garmory, Nicola
Professional practice for landscape architects. – 2nd ed.
1. Landscape architecture – Great Britain 2. Planning – Law and legislation –
Great Britain 3. Landscape architecture – Practice – Great Britain
I. Title II. Tennant, Rachel III. Winsch, Clare
712.3(cid:2)0941
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data
Acatalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN-13: 978-0-7506-6902-3
ISBN-10: 0-7506-6902-0
For information on all Architectural Press publications
visit our web site at http://books.elsevier.com
Typeset by Charon Tec Ltd (AMacmillan Company), Chennai, India
www.charontec.com
Printed and bound in Great Britain
07 08 09 10 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Prelims-H6902.qxd 11/29/06 3:11 PM Page v
Contents
Introduction ix
1 Landscape practice 1
Professionalism and Ethics 1
The Landscape Institute 1
The Landscape Institute’s Code of Professional
Conduct and Practice 3
The Landscape Architect’s Responsibilities and
Obligations 7
Forms of Organization 9
Companies 16
Sole Principal 20
Other Forms of Association/Collaboration 21
Establishing a Private Practice 22
Methods of Appointment of a Landscape Consultant 26
Approach and Offer of Work – Factors to be Considered
by the Landscape Architect 31
Acceptance and Confirmation of Appointment 31
The Landscape Institute’s The Landscape Consultant’s
Appointment 33
Calculating and Charging Professional Fees 36
Payment of Fees 41
Fee Tendering 42
Appointing Sub-Consultants 44
Quality Assurance 45
Copyright 47
2 Liability and the law 49
The Importance of the Law 49
The Legal Systems of the United Kingdom 49
Prelims-H6902.qxd 11/29/06 3:11 PM Page vi
vi Contents
The Law of Contract 51
Law of Tort (‘delict’ in Scotland) 59
Liability 65
Health and Safety Legislation 73
Limitations Act 1980 82
Insurances 82
3 Planning legislation 86
Introduction to the Planning Framework 86
The Hierarchy of Planning Policy and
Development Plans 87
Development Plans 91
Responsibility for Development Plans 98
Development Control 101
Special Development Areas 107
Heritage Planning and Special Forms of Control 110
Penalties for Non Compliance with an Order 112
Planning Consent Procedure 120
Environmental Impact Assessment 141
Landscape Assessment 146
Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEA) 148
Building Acts and Regulations 149
4 Environmental legislation 152
Introduction 152
Planning Law 153
Management of Scarce Resources 155
Protection of Areas for Amenity, Landscape Quality
and Natural Habitat 174
Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species (CITES) 187
Specific Sites and Species 206
Access to the Countryside 208
Pollution Control 219
Organization of Countryside and Conservation
Authorities 227
5 Tendering 231
Work Stages 231
Work Stage F: Production Information 231
Work Stage G: Bills of Quantities 234
Schedules of Rates 238
Prelims-H6902.qxd 11/29/06 3:11 PM Page vii
Contents vii
The Quantity Surveyor 238
Work Stage H: Tender Action 239
Competitive Tendering 240
Non-competitive Tendering 242
Advantages and Disadvantages of Alternative
Types of Tendering 243
Procedure for Single-Stage Selective Tendering 245
Post-tender Period 251
6 Contract and contract administration 252
Types of Contract 252
Standard Forms of Contract 253
Forms of Contract 253
Subcontracts 257
Roles of People Engaged in Landscape Contracts 258
The Pre-Start/Pre-Contract Meeting 264
Progress Meetings 267
Definitions 268
7 The JCLI Agreements 276
The JCLI Agreement for Landscape Works 276
The JCLI Agreement for Landscape Maintenance
Works 284
Index 287
This page intentionally left blank
Prelims-H6902.qxd 11/29/06 3:11 PM Page ix
Introduction
The second edition of this book provides essential updated and enhanced
guidance for all levels of landscape architects from students to seasoned
practitioners and is a point of reference for everyday professional land-
scape life. It covers the fundamental principles of successful professional
landscape practice.
Topics covered include practice formation and professional ethics; an
outline of liability and the law; planning and environmental law; contract
administration and procedure.
There is no companion website for the second edition but web addresses
are included in the text to enable readers to follow up references themselves.
This is particularly relevant for issues that change frequently such as envi-
ronmental and planning legislation.
Nicola Garmory, Rachel Tennant, Clare Winsch.
Acknowledgement
In memory of John Coultas.