Proceedings of the International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Cognition AIC 2015

163 Pages·2015·8.19 MB·English

Proceedings of the International Workshop on
Artificial Intelligence and Cognition
AIC 2015
Torino, Italy, September 28-29, 2015
(Eds.)
Antonio Lieto, Cristina Battaglino, Daniele P. Radicioni, Manuela Sanguinetti
Copyright c2015 for the individual papers by the papers’ authors. Copying permitted for private and
(cid:13)
academic purposes. Re-publication of material from this volume requires permission by the copyright
owners.
Editors’address:
Universita` degliStudidiTorino
DipartimentodiInformatica
CorsoSvizzera,185
10149Torino,Italy
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
ICARCNR-ConsiglioNazionaledelleRicerche
IstitutodiCalcoloeRetiadAltePrestazioni
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Preface
This book of Proceedings contains the accepted papers of the AIC 2015 - the International Workshop
on Artificial Intelligence and Cognition, held in Turin (Italy) on September 28th and 29th, 2015. AIC
workshopsaimatfosteringthecollaborationbetweentheresearcherscomingfromthefieldsofcomputer
science, philosophy, engineering, psychology, neurosciences etc. and working at the intersection of the
CognitiveScienceandArtificialIntelligence(AI)communities.
AICworkshops(LietoandCruciani2013;Lieto,RadicioniandCruciani,2014)haveproduced,inthepast
years,arecognizedlevelofdiscussioninEuropeonthecrossborderthemesbetweenAIandCognitiveSci-
enceandselectedandexpandedversionsoftheirscientificpapershavebeenpublishedindedicatedspecial
issues on international journals such as Connection Science and Cognitive Systems Research (edited by
LietoandCruciani(2015),andLietoandRadicioni(2016),respectively).
AIC2015hasbeenmadepossiblethankstothe“FondazioneRicercaeTalenti”(http://www.ricercaetalenti.it)
oftheUniversityofTurinthathasfullysponsoredthewholeevent. Wewouldliketothankthemfortheir
financialandorganizationalsupport. AlsowearegratefultothemembersoftheScientificProgramCom-
mittee for their valuable work. Finally, thanks should be given to our wonderful student volunteers for
theirhelpinmanypracticalissues.
In this workshop proceedings appear 2 abstracts of the talks provided by the keynote speakers Aldo
GangemiandAmandaJ.Sharkeyand13peerreviewedpapersacceptedbytheProgramCommitteeMem-
bersthroughaprocessofpeer-review.
Specifically the 13 papers were selected out of 21 submissions coming from researchers of 16 different
countriesfromallthecontinents.
Inthefollowing,ashortintroductiontothecontentofthevolumeispresented.
Inthepaper“CognitiveProgramming”,byLoizosMichael,AntonisKakas,RobMillerandGyorgyTuran,
the authors point out some foundational issues regarding the design of cognitive systems and propose a
novel methodological approach for human-computer interaction based on what they call “cognitive pro-
gramming”paradigm.
In the paper “Towards a Visual Remote Associates Test and its Computational Solver”, by Ana-Maria
Olteteanu,BibekGautamandZoeFalomir,theauthorsdescribeacomputationalsolverforavisualversion
oftheRemoteAssociateTest(RAT,atestusedformeasuringcreativityinhumans)andpresenttheresult
ofanevaluationdonew.r.t. humanresponses.
The paper “Modeling the Creation and Development of Cause-Effect Pairs for Explanation Generation
inaCognitiveArchitecture”,byJohnLicato,NickMarton,RonSunandSelmerBringsjordpresentsthe
rationaleformodellingthelearningofcauseeffectsexplanationsintheCLARIONcognitivearchitecture
byusing,asreferencepoint,aPiaget’sexperimentintroducedtounderstandhowchildrengenerateexpla-
nations.
Thepaper“Acognitiveviewofrelevantimplications”,byClaudioMasoloandDanielePorello,presents
aninterestinglinkbetweenRelevanceLogicandConceptualspacesandItprovidesacognitiveviewand
formalizationofrelevanceimplication. Inthepaper“Information-TheoreticSegmentationofNaturalLan-
guage”,bySaschaGriffiths,MarianoMoraMcGinity,JamieForth,MatthewPurverandGeraintA.Wig-
gins.,theauthorsextendtonaturallanguageastatisticalmodeloriginallydevisedinthedomainofmusic
perceptionandcognition;inparticular,theauthorsadoptastatistical(information-theoretic)learningap-
proachonsequentialdata.
In the paper “Pattern Recognition: A Foundational Approach” by Agnese Augello, Salvatore Gaglio,
GianluigiOliveriandGiovanniPilato,theauthorsdiscusssomefoundationalissuesregardingthe“patterns
problem”andproposeathreelayerarchitecturesasasuitablesolutionforpatternunderstanding.
Inthepaper“WorldModelingforTabletopObjectConstruction”,byArdaInceoglu,MelodiDenizOzturk,
MustafaErsenandSanemSarieltheauthorsdicusstheproblemofscenerecognitioninaroboticenviron-
ment and propose a framework not relying only on perceptual factors but also relying on a knowledge
updatingprocessfortheirscenerecognitionapproach.
i
The paper “A Network-based Communication Platform for a Cognitive Computer”, by Mostafa W. Nu-
man,JesseFrost,BradenJ.PhillipsandMichaelLiebelt,presentsanovelhardware-basedapproachforthe
designofcognitivecomputerbasedonanenergyefficientapproachforcomputationwithaparallelpro-
ductionsystem. Inthepaper“DevelopingFuzzyCognitiveMapswithSelfOrganizingMaps”,byMarcel
Wehrle,EdyPortmann,AlexDenzlerandAndreasMeier,theproposethecombinationofSOMandFCM
inretrievingthesemanticstructureofwebdocuments.
Inthepaper“Property-basedsemanticsimilarity: whatcountsthemost?”,bySilviaLikavecandFederica
Cena, the authors discuss the problem of conceptual similarity in ontologies by exploiting the Tversky-
distanceandbypointingouttheimportanceofweightingthefeatures(theobjectpropertiesinontological
terms),thevaluesfillingsuchfeaturesandtheimportanceofthehierarchyofvalues.
In the paper “Do the self-knowing machines dream of knowing their factivity?”, by Pierluigi Graziani,
AlessandroAldiniandVincenzoFano,theauthorstheauthorspresentaformalaccountofthe”GA˜ delian
¶
Argument”,accordingtowhichthehumanmindwouldbeequivalenttoafinitemachineunabletounder-
standitsownfunctioning.
Thepaper“ExtractingConcreteEntitiesthroughSpatialRelations”, byOlgaLidiaAcostaLopezandC.
Antonio Aguilar, the authors describe system able to bootstrap the recognition of concrete entities from
medicaldomaintextsbytakingadvantageoftheuseoftheexpressionofspatialrelationships.
Finally,thepaper“AFrameworkforUncertainty-AwareVisualAnalyticsinBigData”,byAminKarami,
proposes a framework combining Fuzzy SOM (self organising maps) within the MapReduce framework
tomodeluncertaintyandknowledgevisuallywithinbigdatasets.
November25,2015 TheAIC2015Chairs
Torino http://www.di.unito.it/˜lieto/AIC2015/
program_committee.html
ii
SponsoringInstitutionMessage
This publication collects the papers selected for AIC2015 - International Workshop on Artificial Intelli-
genceandCognition(Turin28th-29thSeptember2015),aneventorganisedwiththesupportofFondazione
FondoRicercaeTalenti.
FondazioneFondoRicercaeTalentiisoneofthefirstuniversityfoundationsinItaly,andthefirsttoapply
innovativefundraisingmechanismstoresearchactivities. Itsaimistwofold:
promotingfundraisingactivitiesfortheUniversityofTurin,towhichtheFoundationbelongs;
•
financing scholarships and supporting scientific dissemination activities, for the benefit of young
•
researchersofourUniversity.
Wefirmlyandconcretelybelieveintheimportanceofresearch. Weknow,asmanydo,thatresearchisthe
foundationofourcompetitiveness,ofourhealth,ofourcapacitytodealwithsocialandculturalchallenges,
ofourfuture.
Wealsobelieveinourresearchers,asmuchasinresearch.Weknowthattheirideasneedanopportunityto
growandshowtheirpotential. Ourstrivetoprovidesuchopportunity-evenasmall,butrealopportunity
-isatthecoreofourmission.
Forus,doingsomeansthreeverysimplethings: rewardmerit,beinclusiveandengaging,donothesitate
tothinkoutofthebox,sticktoourvisionandkeepaneyeonourfuture. Theseprinciplesallowedusin
twoyears,withveryfewhumanandfinancialresources,tosponsordozensofbursariesanddissemination
events, to create a network of hundreds of voluntaries supporting our initiatives on the field and to have
excellentechoonthemediaandatinstitutionallevel(includingtheEuropeanCommission).
Wewanttobuildtieswithstudents,withthecivilsocietyandwiththeprivatesectorinordertomakethe
UniversityofTurinaforgeofopportunitiesattheserviceofouryouthandofourterritoriesasawhole.
Thisisthereasonwhyweparticularlywelcomespin-offinitiativeslikethispublication,whichcontributes
tofurtherdevelopanddisseminateresearchideasstemmingfromourfinancedseminarsoncutting-edge
matterslikeArtificialIntelligenceandCognition.
Inlinewithourspirit,wehopethatthispublicationwillhighlybenefitthescientificcommunityandwill
haveapositiveimpactontheywaywe-asHumanIntelligencesandCognitiveBeings-understandand
livethiscomplexworld.
FondazioneFondoRicercaeTalenti
ThePresident
GianmariaAjani
iii
AIC 2015 Programme Commmittee
GabriellaAirenti,UniversityofTorino,Italy
BrunoG.Bara,UniversityofTorino,Italy
JohnBateman,UniversityofBremen,Germany
TarekR.Besold,UniversityofOsnabrA˜Œck,Germany
MehulBhatt,UniversityofBremen,Germany
ErikCambria,NanyangTechnologicalUniversity,Singapore
AngeloCangelosi,UniversityofPlymouth,UK
CristianoCastelfranchi,ISTC-CNR,Italy
AntonioChella,UniversityofPalermo,Italy
DavidDanks,CarnegieMellonUniversity,USA
MarkA.Finlayson,FloridaInternationalUniversity,USA
ChristianFreksa,UniversityofBremen,Germany
MarcelloFrixione,UniversityofGenova,Italy
JohnFox,UniversityofOxford,UK
SavatoreGaglio,UniversityofPalermoandICAR-CNR,Italy
NicolaGuarino,LOA-ISTCCNR,Italy
AnnaJordanous,UniversityofKent,UK
AntonisK.Kakas,UniversityofCyprus,Cyprus
IsmoKoponen,UniversityofHelsinki,Finland
OliverKutz,UniversityofBolzano,Italy
OthaliaLarue,WrightStateUniversity,USA
FrancescaA.Lisi,UniversityofBari,Italy
VincenzoLombardo,UniversityofTorino,Italy
DiegoMarconi,UniversityofTorino,Italy
OrazioMiglino,UniversityofNapoliFedericoII,Italy
VincentC.MA˜Œller,AnatoliaCollege,Greece
AlessandroOltramari,CarnegieMellonUniversity,USA
AlessioPlebe,UniversityofMessina,Italy
PaulRosenbloom,UniversityofSouthernCalifornia,USA
AlexeiSamsonovich,GeorgeMasonUniversity,USA
GiovanniSemeraro,UniversityofBari,Italy
RonSun,RensselaerPolytechnicInstitute,Troy,NY,USA
GuglielmoTamburrini,UniversityofNapoliFedericoII,Italy
FabioMassimoZanzotto,UniversityofRoma’TorVergata’,Italy
Student Volunteers
EleonoraCeccaldi,FrancescoGhigo,EnricoMensa
iv
Contents
InvitedTalks(Abstracts)
HowMany(Polymorphic)Frames? ClassicKRintheWorldWideWeb
AldoGangemi 1
RobotEthics: Illusions,challengesandrewards
AmandaJ.Sharkey 2
LongandShortPapers
CognitiveProgramming
LoizosMichael,AntonisKakas,RobMiller,GyorgyTura´n 3
TowardsaVisualRemoteAssociatesTestanditsComputationalSolver
Ana-MariaOlte¸teanu,BibekGautam,ZoeFalomir 19
ModelingtheCreationandDevelopmentofCause-EffectPairsforExplanationGenerationina
CognitiveArchitecture
JohnLicato,NickMarton,BoningDong,RonSun,SelmerBringsjord 29
ACognitiveViewofRelevantImplication
ClaudioMasolo,DanielePorello 40
Information-TheoreticSegmentationofNaturalLanguage
SaschaS.Griffiths,MarianoMoraMcGinity,JamieForth,MatthewPurver,GeraintA.Wiggins 54
Pattern-Recognition: aFoundationalApproach
AgneseAugello,SalvatoreGaglio,GianluigiOliveri,GiovanniPilato 68
WorldModelingforTabletopObjectConstruction
ArdaInceoglu,MelodiDenizOzturk,MustafaErsen,SanemSariel 83
ANetwork-basedCommunicationPlatformforaCognitiveComputer
MostafaW.Numan,JesseFrost,BradenJ.Phillips,MichaelLiebelt 94
DevelopingInitialStateFuzzyCognitiveMapswithSelf-OrganizingMaps
MarcelWehrle,EdyPortmann,AlexanderDenzler,AndreasMeier 104
Property-basedSemanticSimilarity: WhatCounts?
SilviaLikavec,FedericaCena 116
DotheSelf-KnowingMachinesDreamofKnowingTheirFactivity?
AlessandroAldini,VincenzoFano,PierluigiGraziani 125
ExtractingConcreteEntitiesthroughSpatialRelations
OlgaAcostaandCe´sarAguilar 133
v
CONTENTS
AFrameworkforUncertainty-AwareVisualAnalyticsinBigData
AminKarami 146
vi
How Many (Polymorphic) Frames? Classic KR
in the World Wide Web
Aldo Gangemi
LIPN University Paris13-CNRS-Sorbonne France, ISTC-CNR Rome Italy
Abstract. The good old notion of frame, as introduced in the seven-
ties, is a natural hub for cognitive sciences, knowledge representation,
andnaturallanguageunderstanding.Developmentsinthelasttenyears,
mainly due to the socio-technical ontology of the Web, have apparently
changed the nature and scale of the notion, and pose new challenges. I
willpresentabird’seyeviewofthecurrentsituation,withaquickglance
at human-robot interfaces.
1
Robot Ethics: Illusions, Challenges and Rewards
Amanda J. Sharkey
University of Sheffield, UK
Abstract. In this talk, I introduce the topic of Robot Ethics: pointing
out the growing use of robots in social roles, and the need to identify
and consider the ethical issues involved before they are too well estab-
lished. From ancient times to the present day, robotics has depended
on creating the illusion of life. This illusion is exploited in the devel-
opment of robot companions, and is helped by the human tendency to
be anthropomorphic and to behave as though robots were able to un-
derstand and respond to them. The risks posed by the development of
robotcompanionsforolderpeople,andforchildrenwereconsidered.The
mainrisksofrobotcompanionsforolderpeoplewereidentifiedasbeing:
lossofhumancontact,lossofdignity,deception,lossofprivacy,andloss
of autonomy. However, for some people, such as those with dementia,
robot companions such as the Paro robot seal can result in health and
wellbeingbenefits.Therearearelatedsetofethicalconcernsaboutthe
introduction of robots as companions, or teachers of children. These in-
cludethoserelatedtohumanautonomy,attachment,deception,privacy
and social learning. A brief review of underlying ethical theories is pro-
videdthatincludedtheCapabilityApproach.Itisconcludedthatdespite
theseriousethicalconcernsraisedbytheideaofrobotcompanions,there
aresomecircumstanceswhererobotscouldbeusedtoimprovethelives
of vulnerable older people, or children with special needs, by increasing
their access to some of the capabilities that make life worth living.
2