Table Of ContentProceedings of the International
Symposium on Natural Antioxidants
Molecular Mechanisms and Health Effects
Copyright © 1996 AOCS Press
Proceedings of the International
Symposium on Natural Antioxi-
dants
Molecular Mechanisms and Health Effects
Editors
Lester Packer
Maret G. Traber
Wenjuan Xin
Champaign, Illinois
Copyright © 1996 AOCS Press
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AOCSBooksandSpecialPublicationsCommittee
E.Perkins,chairperson,UniversityofIllinois,Urbana,Illinois
J.Bauer,TexasA&MUniversity,CollegeStation,Texas
N.A.M.Eskin,UniversityofManitoba,Winnipeg,Manitoba
W.Farr,OwensboroGrainCo.,Owensboro,Kentucky
T.Foglia,USDA—ERRC,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania
L.Johnson,IowaStateUniversity,Ames,IA
Y.-S.Huang,RossLaboratories,Columbus,Ohio
J.Lynn,LeverBrothersCo.,Edgewater,NewJersey
G.Maerker,Oreland,Pennsylvania
M.Mossoba,FoodandDrugAdministration,Washington,D.C.
G.Nelson,WesternRegionalResearchCenter,SanFrancisco,California
F.Orthoefer,Stuttgart,Arkansas
J.Rattray,UniversityofGuelph,Guelph,Ontario
A.Sinclair,DeakinUniversity,Geelong,Victoria,Australia
G.Szajer,AkzoChemicals,DobbsFerry,NewYork
B.Szuhaj,CentralSoyaCo.,Inc.,FortWayne,Indiana
L.Witting,StateCollege,Pennsylvania
Copyright©1996byAOCSPress.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedortrans-
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
InternationalSymposiumonNaturalAntioxidants(1995:Peiking,
China)
ProceedingsoftheInternationalSymposiumonNaturalAntioxidants
molecularmechanismsandhealtheffects/editors,LesterPacker,
MaretTraber,WenjuanXin.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-935315-69-1(alk.paper)
1.Antioxidants—Therapeuticuse—Congresses.2.Naturopathy-
-Congresses.I.Packer,Lester.II.Traber,Maret.III.Xin,Wenjuan.IV.Title.
RM666.A5551581995
(cid:1)
615 .7—dc20
96-15468
CIP
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericawithvegetableoil-basedinks.
009998979654321
Copyright © 1996 AOCS Press
Preface
TheInternationalSymposiumonNaturalAntioxidants:MolecularMechanismsand
HealthEffectswasheldduringJune20–24,1995inBeijing,China.Thissymposium
wassponsoredbyUNESCO-MCBN;CommitteeforFreeRadicalBiologyandMed-
icine;BiophysicalSociety(China);InternationalSocietyforFreeRadicalResearch;
Institute of Biophysics,Academia Sinica;The International Union of Biochemistry
andMolecularBiology;InternationalSocietyforFreeRadicalResearchAsia;Inter-
national Union for Pure andApplied Biophysics, and Oxygen Club of California
(USA).340scholarsfrommorethan20countriesparticipatedinthesymposium.
Traditionallynaturalantioxidantsfromherbsandfoodshaveplayedveryimpor-
tantrolesinmedicineandhealthprotection.Inrecentyears,greatprogresshasbeen
achievedinstudiesontheeffectsandmechanismsofnaturalantioxidants,aswellas
ontherelationshipbetweenantioxidantsandhumanhealth.Butthemolecularmech-
anismsofnaturalantioxidantshaveyettobedeeplyinvestigated.Theacademicdis-
cussionatthissymposiumhaveprovidedfurtherinsightintotheeffectsandmechanics
of antioxidants; these may contribute to human health and the improvement of the
lifestyleofmankind.
Atotalof341paperswerereceived,4PlenaryLecturesweredeliveredand178
scholarsgavetheirreportsinsessionsincludingherbalsourcesandfoods;identifica-
tion,characterizationandapplicationofantioxidants;chemicalandbiochemicaland
biophysicalmechanismsofantioxidants;effectsofantioxidantsoncellregulationand
transcellular signalling; the relation of antioxidants with NO and oxygen free radi-
cals;theapplicationofantioxidantsinischemia-reperfusioninjury,inflammation,can-
cer,aging,cardioandvasculardiseases;seleniumandthiolantioxidants,etc.
Many good results were presented in this symposium. Participants exchanged
livelyandfriendlyideasinvarioussessionsandinroundtablediscussions.
Webelievethatthissymposiumhasenhancedthecooperationbetweenscientists
ofvariouscountriesandacceleratedthedevelopmentofstudiesoffreeradicalsand
antioxidants.
We would like to express our thanks to all the participants and to the authors
whosepapershavebeencollectedinthisbook.Theirenthusiasticcontributionshave
madethewholesymposiumsuccessful.
Wewouldalsoliketoexpressoursincerethankstothemanyorganizationsthat
providedsupport:UNESCO-MCBNGlobalNetworkofMolecularandCellBiology;
A.O.A.JapanCo.,Ltd.;BeckmanInstruments-GreaterChina;SolvayPharma-LTM,
France;TheInternationalUnionofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology(IUBMB);
UnileverResearch,US;NationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina;International
UnionforPureandAppliedBiophysics(IUPAB);ChineseAcademyofSciences;The
Chinese Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Biophysical Society of
China;Neo-LifeGoldenGroup;AmericanOilChemists’Society;Colgate-Palmolive;
IPSENInstitute;DiamiteCorporation(USA);China
v
Copyright © 1996 AOCS Press
vi Preface
NationalTobacco Corp., Beijing Branch; MACOMAIncorporated Japan; Chengdu
ShuyangPharmaceuticalFactory,China;LanzhouShijinNaturalHealthyFoodCo.,
LTD,China;BectonDickinson,Inc;TianbaoBranchoftheTiantaiPharmaceuticals
Factory, Zhejiang, China; Xiamen Qiran Health Care Product Limited Co., China;
Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnological Institute, China; Biotechnology Company of
HebeiUniversity,China;KanChiMedicalCo.,Ltd.
LesterPacker
MaretG.Traber
W.Xin
Copyright © 1996 AOCS Press
Contents
Preface................................................................................................v
Introduction
Chapter1 DynamicsofAntioxidationbyPhenolicAntioxidants:Physiochemi-
....................
calIssues........................................................................ 1
E.Niki,N.Noguchi,M.Iwatsuki,andY.Kato
.....
Chapter2 AntioxidantDefensesinBiologicalSystems:AnOverview........ 9
L.Packer
....
Chapter3 AntioxidantsfromTraditionalChineseHerbs......................... ....24
G.Liu
....
Chapter4 TheRoleofXanthineOxidaseinDisease........................... .......33
C.R.Stevens,T.Sahinoglu,B.Bhatt,N.N.Ali,andD.R.Blake
HerbalSourcesandFoods
Chapter5 AntioxidantDefensesofTJ-960,AJapaneseHerbalMedicine,
.....
AgainstFreeRadical-InducedNeuronalCellDamage............ ..45
A.Mori,H.Hamada,H.Ohyama,M.Hiramatsu,
andS.Shinohara
..
Chapter6 AgingandHerbalAntioxidants................................................... ..54
M.Hiramatsu,M.Komatsu,andY.Ueda
Chapter7 TheAntioxidativeandAntitumorEffectsofPhenylpropanoidGlyco-
..........
sidesfromPedicularis....................................................... ....64
R.L.Zheng,andZ.J.Jia
Fructus
Chapter8 TheAntioxidantandAntistressActivitiesoftheExtractof
Momordicae .............
...................................................................... ..71
X.Wang,J.Liu,M.Sanada,S.Okada,andA.Mori
Chapter9 AntioxidizingandRadioprotectiveMechanismsofHydroxycin-
...........82
namicAcidDerivatives:PulseRadiolysisandESRStudies
S.D.Yao,J.S.Zhang,andN.Y.Lin
Chapter10 ExtractsofSomeIndianPlantswithPotentAntioxidantProperties
...............
......................................................................................... ..90
G.Maulik,V.E.Kagan,S.Pakrashi,N.Maulik,andD.K.Das
Chapter11 Anti-inflammatoryAntioxidantsfromMedicinalGingers:New
ComplexCurcuminoidsfromZingiberCassumunar......................99
T.Masuda,andA.Jitoe
Chapter12 EffectsofBio-Normalizer(ANaturalJapaneseFoodSupplement)
onOxygenRadicalandTumorNecrosisFactorProductionbyMon-
...................................
cytesandMacrophages............................. ..109
J.A.Osato,L.G.Korkina,E.Mikhal’chik,andI.B.Afanas’ev
vii
Copyright © 1996 AOCS Press
viii Contents
IdentificationandCharacterizationofAntioxidants
Chapter13 ChemicalStudiesofNaturalAntioxidantsfromTraditionalChinese
...............
Medicines................................................................... .....117
L.-N.Li
Chapter14 StudiesofAntioxidantActivitybyMeasuringChemiluminescence
...................................
Kinetics..................................................... ..125
Y.A.Vladimirov
Chapter15 AnInVitroSystemforEvaluationofOxidativeStressandEffects
...............
ofAntioxidants............................................................... .145
J.Clausen
Chapter16 AntioxidantFunctionofCarnosine,aNaturalHistidine-Containing
.....................
Dipeptide.................................................................. .155
C.K.Chow,V.L.Tatum,C.C.Yeh,M.Maynard,W.Ibrahim,G.
Bruckner,G.A.Boissonneault,andC.B.Hong
ApplicationofAntioxidants
Chapter17 EffectofVitaminEStatusonRedBloodCellProcoagulantActivity
b
...................
in-Thalassemia/HbEDisease ............................ ......162
S.
Kasemsant,andP.Wilairat
Chapter18 ProtectiveEffectofVitaminEandZinconExperimentalHepatitis
...............
....................................................................................... ...167
C.
Rendun,H.X.Ming,andH.H.Long
C -
Chapter19 ardiovascularEffectsofGinsenosidesandTheirNitricOxide
Mediated Antioxidant Action .........................................................179
X. Chen
AlliumSativum é
Chapter20 Influenceof Linn onOxidativeStressStatus:A
....
ClinicalInvestigation............................................................. ...188
W.G.Siems,T.Scherat,H.Behrend,R.Brenke,M.Jakstadt,E.
Con
radi,andT.Grune
Chapter21 AntioxidantSynergismandMutualProtectionofβ-Caroteneand
Vi
taminEintheInhibitionofRadicalInitiatedPeroxidationof
.............................
LinoleicAcidinMicelles................................ .196
Z.-L. Liu, Z.-L.
Li,L-P.Ma,andY.-C.Liu
Ginkgobiloba
Chapter22 InhibitionofPreretinalProliferationby ExtractEGb
761andSuperoxideDismutaseinanExperimentalModelofTrac-
..............
tionalRetinalDetachment.............................................. 210
M.Ettaiche,C.Baudouina,F.Imbert,M.T.Droy-Lefaix,P.Gastaud,
andP.Lapalus
Copyright © 1996 AOCS Press
Contents ix
ThiolAntioxidants
Chapter23 CellRegulationbyThiolAntioxidantsfromGlutathionetoLipoate
................
toAnetholeDithiolethione........................................... 223
L.Packer
..
Chapter24 AnetholeDithiolethione:ResearchOverviewandPerspectives. 236
M.O.Christen
...
Chapter25 MechanismsofChemoprotectionby1,2-Dithiole-3-Thiones... 243
T.W.Kensler,T.Primiano,T.R.Sutter,P.A.Egner,P.M.Dolan,J.D.
Groopman,T.J.Curphey,andB.D.Roebuck
of Dry Mouth in
Chapter26 EffectofAnetholeDithiolethioneintheTreatment
ö .................................
Sj gren’sSyndromeandSialadenosis......... .251
S.Wang,X.Z.Zhu,andH.Dong
in the
Chapter27 RandomizedControlledTrialofAnetholeDithiolethione
..................
TreatmentofAntipsychotic-InducedXerostomia..... ..254
J.Zhongfu,L.Dao,L.Ruiming,andL.Shicheng
Metallothionein
Antioxidant
Chapter28 CanMetallothioneinBeUsedasaPotential
.....................
Medicine?.................................................................. 261
X.Fang,W.Wang,andJ.Wu
Chapter29 MetallothioneinProtectionofCerebralCortexCellsAgainstHy-
....
poxicDamage........................................................................... .272
W.Benjie,L.Jingfen,andY.Guifen
Chapter30 EffectsofAntagonismandCytoprotectiveEffectsofMetalloth-
...............
ionein........................................................................... ...278
S.Cheng.Y.Huaa,Z.Yang,X.Yue,andJ.Zhou
by Metallothionein
Chapter31 ThymineRadiationDamageandItsModification
........................... ....................286
........................................................ .
X.Fang,J.Wu,andG.Wei
CellRegulationandTranscellularSignalling
Chapter32 EffectofVitaminETreatmentontheDevelopment
.....
ofAtherosclerosis..................................................................... 294
Ö Ö ç Ö ü
N.K. zer, .Sirik i,T.San, .G zel,andA.Azzi
Chapter33 SignalTransductionandOncogeneExpressionMediated
byReactiveOxygenSpecies.........................................................303
J.K.Lin,S.F.Lee,Y.T.Huang,andS.Y.Lin-Shiau
Chapter34 FibroblastProlylHydroxylaseModulatedbySignallingPathways
.............320
InvolvingPolyADP-Ribosylation.....................................
J.J.Qian,andR.S.Bhatnager
Copyright © 1996 AOCS Press
x Contents
Chapter35 ElevationofMacrophageSeGSHPxGeneExpression
... ......
andPreventionFromItsFormationofFoamCell........... ... 339
Z.Mei,C.Yuan,L.Shangxi,G.Zhigang,L.Ning,andL.Jun
Chapter36 Modulationoftheβ-Receptor-AdenylylCyclaseSystembyOxygen
Radicals:RelationshiptotheVitaminEConcentration..............352
I.Schimke,A.Haberland,L.Will-Shahab,andG.Baumann
ReactiveOxygenSpecies,NitricOxide,andAntioxidants
Chapter37 Inactivationofα-1-ProteinaseInhibitorbytheSimultaneousGener-
...............
ationofNitricOxideandSuperoxide........................... .359
Z.Zhang,E.R.Frears,D.R.Blake,andP.G.Winyard
Chapter38 MetabolismofProteinBoundReactiveSpeciesFormedbyRadical
............
Damage........................................................................... ..367
S.Fu,S.Gebicki,W.Jessup,J.M.Gebicki,andR.T.Dean
Chapter39 ChinoninCanScavengeNOFreeRadicalsandProtecttheMy-
.........
ocardiumAgainstIschemia-ReperfusionInjury................ ..378
B.-L.Zhao,J.-G.Shen,M.Li,Q.Wan,M.-F.Li,andW.-J.Xin
GreenTea
Chapter40 StudyonAntimutagenicityandAnticarcinogenicityofGreenTea
..........
Epicatechins-NaturalFreeRadicalScavenger.................. .392
S.J.Cheng
S
Chapter41 A tudyontheEffectsofGreenTeaPolyphenolsonLipidFree
Rad ... . ...
icals. .................................................................................. .397
W.Xin,H.Shi,F.Yang,B.Zhao,andJ.Hou
Ginkgo
.....
Chapter42 EGb761andReperfusionInjuryoftheRetina....................... 413
M.T.Droy-Lefaix,J.M.Menerath,E.Szabo-Tosaki,
B.Bonhomme,andM.Doly
InVitro InSitu:
Chapter43 MitochondrialOxidative-Phosphorylation and Ef-
....
fectsofEGb761....................................................................... 417
K.Willet,O.Detry,A.Evens,M.T.Droy-Lefaix,andF.E.Sluse
GinkgoBiloba Myo-
Chapter44 ExtractProtectsUltrastructureofHypoxic
in Elderly Rats .......
cardium ....................................................... ...424
K.Welt,F.Fitzl,andL.Schaffranietz
Ginkgobiloba
Chapter45 Preventionby ExtractofAge-AssociatedImpairment
.......................
ofBrainMitochondria.......................................... .434
á á ó ía
J.Sastre,R.Pl ,G.Juan,A.Mill n,F.V.Pallard ,J.Garc dela
ó í M.
Asunci n,J.A.Martn,E.O’Connor, T.Droy-Lefaix,andJ.Viсa
Copyright © 1996 AOCS Press
Contents xi
GinkgoBiloba
Chapter46 Effectsof Extract(EGb761)onFreeRadical-In-
......
ducedDamageintheBrain................................................ .....444
F.Clostre
Ginkgobiloba
Chapter47 InhibitoryEffectsof Extract(EGB761)onOxygen
FreeRadicals,NitricOxide,andMyocardialInjuryinIsolatedIs-
....................
chemic-ReperfusionHearts....................................... 453
J.-G.Shen,B.-L.Zhao,M.-F.Li,Q.Wan,andW.-J.Xin
Ginkgobiloba
Chapter48 ExtractProtectsEnzymeActivitesintheHypoxic
...............
RatMyocardium........................................................... .466
K.Punkt,K.Welt,andL.Schaffranietz
Ginkgobiloba
Chapter49 AntioxidantPropertiesof ExtractEGB761andClini-
........
calImplications.................................................................... .472
L.Packer,L.Marcocci,N.Haramaki,H.Kobuchi,Y.Christen,
andM.T.Droy-Lefaix
Chapter50 EGB761InhibitionofNuetrophilFunctionsandAdhesiontoEn-
.........
dotheliumActivatedbyOxygenFreeRadicals................... 488
C.Pasquier,C.Babin-Chevaye,andC.Marquetty
Ginkgobiloba
Chapter51 ScavengingEffectsof L.andHawthornLeaveson
...........
OxygenFreeRadicalsandTheirAntioxidantAction..... ..499
P.L.Huang,andZ.H.Zeng
Ginkgobiloba
Chapter52 ExtractProtectionofBrainNeuronsfromDamage
................
InducedbyFreeRadicals........................................... ..506
Y.Ni,B.Zhao,J.Hou,andW.Xin
Chemical,Biochemical,andBiophysicalMechanisms
Chapter53 Co-ExistenceofReactiveOxygenCyclewithQ-CycleinRespira-
toryChain:AHypothesisforGeneration,PartitioningandFunction-
...........................
ingofSuperoxideinMitochondria.................... 513
S.-S.Liu,andJ.-P.Huang
Chapter54 MitochondrialRespiratoryChain:ASelf-DefenseSystemAgainst
..............
OxygenToxicity.............................................................. 530
X.Jian-Xing,L.Xun,Z.Yi-xin,andS.He-yong
Chapter55 ScavengingEffectsofBaicalinanditsCopper,ZincComplexeson
.......
SuperoxideRadicalsandPeroxynitrite.................................. 540
H.Shi,B.Zhao,andW.Xin
Chapter56 KineticStudyofFree-RadicalScavengingActionofFlavonoidsin
......................................5
AqueousTritonX-100MicellarSolution 57
K.Mukai,W.Oka,Y.Egawa,S.-I.Nagaoka,andJ.Terao
....
Chapter57 SuperoxideAnionToxicity:AMechanismStudy.............. ......569
Q.H.Luo,W.Qian,andJ.Wang
Copyright © 1996 AOCS Press
