Proceedings of the International Neutrino Conference Aachen 1976: Held at Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen June 8–12, 1976

740 Pages·1977·21.5 MB·German

by  Helmut Faissner (auth.)

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Editors
H. Faissner
H. Reithler
P. Zerwas
PROCEEDINGS OF THE
INTERNATIONAL NEUTRINO
CONFERENCE AACHEN 1976
5.12.1901 t 1.2.1976
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
INTERNATIONAL
NEUTRINO
CONFERENCE
AACHEN 1976
held at
Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen
June 8-12,1976
Editors: H. Faissner, H. Reithler, P Zerwas
Aachen
Vieweg
CIP-Kurztitelaufnahme der Deutschen Bibliothek
International Neutrino Conference (1976, Aachen)
Proceedings of the International Neutrino Conference
Aachen: 1976; held at Rhein.-Westfiil. Techn. Hochschule
Aachen, June 8-12, 1976/ ed.: H. Faissner ... - 1. Auf!. -
Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1977.
ISBN 978-3-528-08378-6 ISBN 978-3-322-90614-4 (eBook)
DOl 10.1007/978-3-322-90614-4
NE: Faissner, Helmut [Hrsg.]; Technische Hochschule
(Aachen)
1977
All rights reserved
© Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Braunschweig, 1977
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1977
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the
copyright holder.
Set by Vieweg, Braunschweig
Artistic design: D. Rein, Aachen
v
FOREWORD
A Conference is one thing, its Proceedings is another issue. The 1976 Neutrino Conference at Aachen
met with friendly approval, within and beyond the brotherhood of neutrino physicists. The generally well
informed "Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung" spoke of a "Sternstunde" of Science ... And even without
invoking the stars, we may register with some satisfaction that several important developments came to an
end.
"Charm is found!" - hailed Alvaro de Rujula the most spectacular event of the Conference. The
organizers held this opinion even before, as is evidenced by the Conference badge: a little aluminum tetra
hedron, symbolizing the four quarks, and fastened by a three-coloured string. In fact, the history of the
discovery of charm goes a long way back, perhaps even back to the first CERN neutrino experiment in
1963/64, when indications of charged lepton pairs were recognized - long before charm was taken serious.
Muon pairs were established by the Harvard-Pennsylvania-Wisconsin Group in 1974, and correctly inter
preted in terms of charm. At the Paris Neutrino Meeting in 1975 the BNL event came, confirming the con
nection with strangeness and suggesting charm production to occur at quite low energies. Gargamelle on
one side of the Atlantic, and the 15' chamber on the other, brought lepton pairs and strange particles
together - and from there on it was rather clear that one was dealing with the leptonic decay of a new
type of matter. Yet, most people want to see a mass distribution, before they accept a new particle, and
it was most fortunate that Very Ltith could show it for the DO -meson. This was a real Premiere, and the
rest of the charm story rests firmly in electromagnetic hands. The results from SPEAR and DORIS have
revealed all desirable kinds of D and D* mesons, FNAL have found the C~, and there is little doubt,
that the F's will come in time.
The glamour of the charm events overshadowed perhaps the exploits reported from other neutrino
fields. But everybody was happy to hear three different groups reporting for the first time measuring three
different types of neutrino-electron scattering. As was to be expected with these absurdly difficult ex
periments, the mutual agreement was not yet overwhelming. But after the Conference the preliminary
cross sections reported by Aachen-Padova for vJ.l.e and vJ.l.e went down upon more extended energy cali
brations amd more restrictive cuts. At the time of writing this foreword, all available ve data are in fair
e :::
agreement with Salam-Weinberg (and sin2 1/3), but do not exclude a parity conserving theory either.
On the other hand, parity conservation was falsified by several groups in different neutral current
induced semi-hadronic reactions. Besides, there is mounting evidence that the weak neutral current is a
mixture of V and A in space-time, and of V and S in isospin. No anomalies (so far!). - Everything is pretty
e ':'"'
weIl described by Salam-Weinberg with sin2 3/8. This hints at a higher symmetry. This higher harmony
is doomed to crumble away, in these days, by the vain efforts to see parity violation in atomic physics.
To the outsider these experiments appear desperately difficult, but the evidence is building up. If true, an
extension of the original SU (2) X U (1) model is unavoidable ... But this appears to be indicated anyway
by the fairly solid evidence for a heavy lepton ("hepton"), reported to the Conference, and corroborated
meanwhile at DORIS.
In contrast to the rapid flow of charmed and neutral currents, the field crossed by the charged and
also by the electro-magnetic currents showed remarkable stability. According to the folklore of today, it
is built of partons and quarks. Organizers and editors have taken non-negligible pains to get this statement
illuminated. They have not only included introductory talks by first-rate experts - they have also arranged
for a panel-discussion (including the floor!) in which the different aspects of the quark problem should
have come to light. This turned out to be an illusion. The discussion, as recorded off the tape, was agoniz
ing. We had the choice, either to edit it strongly, or to throw it away. With the untiring help of Dieter Rein
VI Foreword
we managed the editing - but we have to apologize to everybody who finds his uttered opinion distorted
or even perverted. Without the incisive cuts made and without the corrections applied, no signal would
have come through at all!
By comparison, all the rest was easy: the beautiful theoretical talks at the end, B. W. Lee's concise
summary, and the contributions from neutrino-astronomy and from new projects. We neglected these
fields somewhat, but we know that they will get an adequate place in the 1977 Neutrino Conference at
Baksan Valley (North Caucasus), which our Russian friends are presently preparing. One criticism we have
to accept: we presented many things over and beyond neutrino physics. But hopefully the reader will re
cognize, that also these topics served their purpose to bring us a bit closer to understanding Nature as a
whole.
In this spirit we have also included the Heisenberg Memorial Session. Hopefully, the evidence given
there will dispel the wrong impression, often asserted in the technical and popular literature, that Heisen
berg disliked partons and quarks: in fact he just did not like them being considered as ordinary particles ...
We included also Pietschmann's popular recital on neutrinos - an example of simple and lucid presentation,
and a theoretician's experimental demonstration of the existence of charm! Eventually we integrated two
contributions from the non-physical region: memories of the visit to the Cathedral, and of the Bach motet
we heard there. We should also have printed a list of samples from the wine tasting tour to the Ahr valley,
but ...
The excursion was memorable; the weather was fine, dry and hot. In these days we witnessed the
beginning of the long period of intense and continuous sunshine, which caused the vintage of 1976 to
become the best of the century! In regions where one usually is happy to get a Kabinett wine, this blessed
year will yield an Auslese, sometimes a Trockenbeeren-Auslese, since the grapes would dry up at the vine!
It mayor may not have a deeper meaning that the year of 1976, so rich in neutrino results, has also an
unprecedented flavoured vintage of wine. In any case, it seems fitting to issue the Proceedings, an "Auslese"
of most interesting results, at the same time when the first 1976 Beeren-Auslese comes from the cask.
It remains, to thank all people who made this venture possible: The German Bundesministerium for
Research and Technology; the Ministerium for Science and Research of the Land Nordrhein-Westfalen,
and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, who gave the money; all persons of the III. Physikalisches
Institut der Rheinisch-Westfalischen Technischen Hochschule, who helped to get the manuscripts into
printable shape; and last not least the authors, who (with very few exceptions) were incredibly punctual
in submitting their papers. Special recognition goes to Dieter Rein, who supplied the drawings of Aachen
landscape, and to the Gargamelle and Aachen-Padova scanners, to whom we owe the bubble-chamber and
spark-chamber events embellishing the cover. Almost all of them were found at Aachen; but the most
charming one came from CERN.
We finish by expressing our sincere gratitude to the Publishers, notably to Mess. Alfred Schubert
and Albrecht A. Weis. With never-ending patience and care they fulfilled all our wishes, accepted all our
corrections, and never complained with us even though the volume grew thicker and more expensive than
envisaged. The job done by the technical staff of the Vieweg Verlag, as well as by the printers, is admirable.
We hope the reader will enjoy this piece of handcraft as much as the editors do themselves.
Helmut Faissner Hans Reithler Peter Zerwas
Aachen, begin of spring 1977
VII
I nternational Advisory Committee
B. Aubert G. Marx C. Rubbia
M. Baldo-Ceolin L. Okun M. Schwartz
G. Bernardini D. Perkins B. Stech
S. Bludman H. Pietschmann J. Steinberger
E. Burhop B. Pontecorvo K. Tanaka
C. Franzinetti F. Reines V. Telegdi
K. Lande S. P. Rosen C. N. Yang
L. Lederman A. Rousset B. Ya. Zel'dovich
Local Organizing Committee
K. Bockmann J. Morfin R. Rodenberg
A. Bohm E. Radermacher K. Schultze
H. Geller D. Rein L. Sehgal
w. Krenz H. Reithler P. Zerwas
H. Faissner, Secretary