Proceedings of the 2nd Eastern Native Grass Symposium

372 Pages·1999·29.6 MB·English

by  Eastern Native Grass Symposium

Historic, Archive Document
Do not assume content reflects current
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‘ae NRCS Ces
Proceedings of
The Second Eastern
Native Grass Symposium
November 17th to 19th, 1999
Baltimore, Maryland
Hosted by
- Natural Resources
Conservation
Service
NRCS
Plant Materials
Program
Agricultural
Materials Research Service
National Association
fesse Plant Solutions for Conservation Needs ; of Conservation
United States
Department of
Agriculture
A
National Agricultural Library
PROCEEDINGS
OF
THE SECOND EASTERN NATIVE GRASS SYMPOSIUM
HELD IN
BALTIMORE, MARYLAND
NOVEMBER 17-19, 1999
wy
oP" TECHNICAL EDITS BY
YD? Dow
a6 JERRY C. RITCHIE
se? JOHN A. DICKERSON
oe CAROLE A. RITCHIE
EDITS AND FRONT COVER DESIGN BY
LINA UNDAYAG
HOSTED BY
USDA NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
USDA NRCS PLANT MATERIALS PROGRAM
USDA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONSERVATION DISTRICTS
PUBLISHED BY
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
Beltsville, Maryland
May 2000
Proceedings of the 2"" Eastern Native Grass Symposium, Baltimore, MD November 1999
Preface
The Second Eastern Native Grass Symposium was held in Baltimore, MD during November,
1999. The Symposium provided 70 presentations, comprised of invited and volunteer oral
presentations and poster papers. Presented here are the written papers or abstracts of the
papers presented.
Native grass use is expanding as rapidly as the seed and plant supplies of eastern sources will
allow. The recent demand for materials is being driven by both a desire to utilize native plants to
meet resource conservation objectives, and additional discovery of valuable functions which
native grasses bring to discreet habitats and the environment in general. Native grasses bring a
host of valuable traits to the conservation effort. Relatively unknown, under-appreciated, under-
researched, and therefore under-used, native grasses will play a powerful role in environmental
improvement as use technology is developed and institutionalized.
lt was the goal of the co-chairs and the program committee to organize the Symposium to be as
all encompassing of native grass interests as 2% days would permit. The decision to publish the
technical Proceedings was a response to the view of participants that the presented technology
will be indeed very valuable to their diverse activities. We also feel that it will be valuable to
extend the information to those who could not attend the Symposium.
The Symposium received tangible support from the Natural Resources Conservation Service and
the Agricultural Research Service, both of USDA. Ernst Conservation Seeds, Inc. also
generously supported the Symposium. The National Association of Conservation Districts,
Conference Services was extremely helpful in planning and providing registration support at the
conference.
This Proceedings documents a baseline of knowledge, and an overview of action regarding
native grass use as we begin a new century. The use of native grasses and grasslands will
increase in scale and sophistication. It was our pleasure to assemble this record from the
Symposium and we would like to thank the authors for their support.
Jerry C. Ritchie, ARS
John Dickerson, NRCS
Gwen C. Meyer, NRCS
For additional information on Eastern Native Grasses, or for an electronic copy of this publication,
please visit our web sire at: "http://www.nhq.nrcs.usda.gov/BCS/PMC/eng/eng.htmI"
This publication should be cited as:
Ritchie, J.C., J.A. Dickerson, and C.A. Ritchie (eds.). 2000. Proc. Second Eastern Native Grass
Symposium: Baltimore, MD November 17-19, 1999. Published by USDA-Agricultural Research
Service, and USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Beltsville, MD. 370 p.
Published as Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology Lab, Occasional Paper #2000-1
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs on the basis
of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political belief, sexual orientation, and marital
or family status. To file a complaint of discrimination, write the USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room
326W, Whitten Building, 14” and Independence Avenues, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (202)
720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
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Proceedings of the 2" Eastern Native Grass Symposium, Baltimore, MD November 1999
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DEDICATION
Dr. Ronald S. Schnabel
The Symposium Proceedings are
dedicated in the memory of
Dr. Ronald S. Schnabel,
who was a Soil Scientist for the
USDA-Agricultural Research Service,
Pasture Systems and Watershed
Management and Research Lab,
University Park, Pennsylvania.
Ronald R. Schnabel’s areas of expertise
included adsorption-desorption kinetics,
N transformation processes and
field measurement methodology.
His research interests included impacts of
riparian ecosystems on quality of agricultural
drainage, and effect of near-stream
management on nutrient
export from the watershed.
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Proceedings of the 2"" Eastern Native Grass Symposium, Baltimore, MD November 1999
Table of Contents
Author(s) Page
Title
Horn, F.
Agricultural Research Service Activities Pertinent to the Eastern Native Grass Symposium
Teels, B.M.
Native Grass Technology: A Brief History, Its Spin-Offs and Refinements and Where It May Be Headed in the
East
Frost, C. 10
Native Grasses and Grasslands i in the Presettlement Landscape of Eastern North America — wine ae “a
Poole, W.R.
Seed Production: How Much of What, By Whom?
Panciera, M. 14
Native Grass Establishment: Pitfalls and Potentials
Carroll, D. and F. Knowlton 25
Native Grass Management
Frye, C.T. 26
Non-Native Genotypes and Outbreeding Depression in Plants: Theoretical and Empirical Issues
Steele, O. 44
Native Grasslands and Their Wildlife Value in Southern Ontario Landscapes
Schnabel, R.R. 46
Improving Water Quality Using Native Grasses _
bibol No Walh rphea he BE ie eS eee aor eens eea iai .
55
Landscape and Design Issues With Natives
57
Bowen, B.
Ecosystem Restoration May Prairie State Natural Area
Taylor, R.W. 58
Native Warm-Season Perennial Grasses: The Unrealized Potential aa saa Forage Crop —
Barkworth, M.E., K.M. Capels and L.A. Vorobik 90
A Grass Manual for North America
91
Beeler, J.
Cades Cove Meadow and Wetland Restoration
94
Burgdorf, D., P. Koch and T. Bush
Sweetgrass Propagation Project
Burns, J.C.andD.S.Fisher 95
Forage Potential of Switchgrass and Eastern Gamagrass in the Eastern Piedmont
Bush, T. 103
Revegetating SlagR efuse Areas with Native Warm Season Grasses ©
Calabria, J. _
Applied Native Grass Restoration Projects in Western North Carolina
Douglas, J.L., S.D. Edwards and D.J. Lang
Estimating Digestibility ii n Eastern Gamagrass
Douglas, J.L., J.M. Grabowski and B.C. Keith
A Comparison of Seed Cleaning Techniques for Improving Quality of Eastern Gamagrass Seed
Edwards, S., J. Douglas and H. Bloodworth 121
Clipping Effecto n. Yield and Quality of Eastern Gamagrass, _Switchgrass, and Bermudagrass ~
Englert, J. . ei27-
New and Upcoming Native Grass Releases from the Eastern US Plant Materials Centers
Ernst, C.L. 135
ls Growing Native Seeds for Me? The Who, What, When, Where and Why
Fairbairn, C.A.,G.A. Jung, and L.D. Hoffman 136
Extending The Grazing Season In Southeast Pennsylvania
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Proceedings of the 2° Eastern Native Grass Symposium, Baltimore, MD November 1999
Gifford, N.A. 139
Albany Pine Bush Native Plant Restoration Project: Attractive Alternatives Help Protect aé 1 Rare Ecosystem
~ Glennon, R.
140
Transfer Of Technology On Native Grasses
Glennon, R.
144
NRCS National Practice Standard for Vegetative Barriers
Grabowski, J.M. 142
Wildflower Seed Production at the Jamie L.W hitten Plant Materials Center
- Grabowski, J.M. and J.L. Douglas _
148
Treatments to Overcome Dormancy of Eastern Gamagrass Seed
HensJ.Fo., Dn. P,yke , R.E. RiggK.i Ticnknosr,, J. R. Patterson, and P.H. Smith
158
Selecting Native Plants Using Vegspec: A Web-Based System
Huff, D.R., A.J. Palazzo, M. van der Grinten, and T. Lent
162
DNA Marker Variation Within and Among Populations Of Native and Commercial Little Bluestem
-Karrfalt, R.P. 163
Extraction and Germination Ecology of Twelve Native Grasses from Western North Carolina.
Kiniry, J.R., H. Sanchez, J. Greenwade, E. Seidensticker, J.R. Bell, F. Pringle, G. Peacock Jr., and J. Rives 167
Simulating Biomass/Forage Production of Eastern Gamagrass, Switchgrass, and Other Warm Season Grasses
Kiniry, J.R., C.R. Tischler, and G.A. Van Esbroeck 173
Leaf Area Production, Biomass Production, and Biomass Partitioning for Eastern Gamagrass, Alamo
Switchgrass, and Two Other C4 Grasses
Krizek, D.T., M.J. Camp, S.R. Maxon, G.C. Meyer, J.C. Ritchie, K.M. Davis, and M.L. McCloud
182
Comparative Germination of 1998 and 1999 Lots of Germtec 1I'/™ Treated Eastern Gamagrass Seed After 28
Days in the Greenhouse and Laboratory
Krohn, A. 194
Cool Season Natives Common to Southeastern Riparian Areas
Kwong, O. 198
Plant Conservation Alliance”
ee REO Sh ar
200
Army Training Lands- The Native Perspective
~ 204
Masters, R.A., D.D. Beran, F. Rivas-Pantoja, and R.E. Gaussoin
Developing Integrated Weed Management Strategies to Restore Great Plains Grasslands ~
Matthews, C. and J.F. Matthews _ 208
Piedmont Prairie Restoration in the Charlotte, NC Area
McLaughlin, S.B. and M.E. Walsh 209
Developing and Evaluating Switchgrass as a Bioenergy Crop
Meyer, G.C., N.C. Melvin Ill, T.R. Turner and H.J. Swartz 212
Native Warm-Season Grass Establishment as Affected by Weed Control in the Maryland Coastal Plain
Miller, C.F. and J.A. Dickerson
The Use of Native Warm Season Grasses for Critical Area Stabilization
Morris, D.P. 20
Surface Mining Reclamation Revegetation Guide
Morrison, D. 230
Grasses and Other Native Plants in Designed and Managed Landscapes
Owens, L.B. and D.L. Hothem 231
Carbon Stored i in Soils under Eastern Grasslands ~
Palazzo, A.J., T. Cary, and T. Lent — 235
Rehabilitation of Sandy Soils with Native Species in the Northeast United States
Parrish, D.J., D.D. Wolf, P.R. Peterson, and W.L. Daniels 236
Managing Switchgrass as Biofuels Feedstock
Parrish, D.J., D.D. Wolf, P.R. Peterson, and W.L. Daniels 237
Successful Establishment and Management of Switchgrass
Proceedings of the 2"? Eastern Native Grass Symposium, Baltimore, MD November 1999
Perry, M.C., P.C. Osenton, G.A. Gough, Edward, and J.R. Lohnes 244
Establishment of Warm-season Grasses With and Without the Use of Compost Soil Amendments
249
Perry, M.C., and A.S. Deller
Effect of Two Long-term Mowing Regimes on Vegetation
Peterson, P.R., S.J. Hutton, A.O. Abaye, D.D. Wolf, and G.B. Benson 253
Eastern Gamagrass Responses to Defoliation Management
Pfaff, S. and M.A. Gonter 259
Direct Seeding native Species on Reclaimed Phosphate-Mined Lands
- 268
Pollard, L.
Increasing Establishment Success of Native Grasses— M atching the Techniques with the Equipment |
269
Reeves, J.B. Ill, D.T. Krizek, C.D. Foy, and J.C. Ritchie
Comparative Biomass, Composition, and Forage Quality of Greenhouse-grown Gamagrass Plants Differing in
Age, Stage of Development, and Drought Tolerance
Rhoden, E.G., J.C. Ritchie, D.T. Krizek and C.D. Foy 270
Vegetative Propagation of Eastern Gamagrass: Effects of root pruning and growth media
Rhoden, E.G., J.B. Reeves, Ill, J.C. Ritchie, and D.T. Krizek and C.D. Foy 276
Influence of Root Removal on Regrowth and Forage Quality of Greenhouse- Grown Eastern Gamagrass
Ritchie, J.C., W.D. Kemper, JM. Englert and D.T. Krizek. 283
Grass Hedges for Erosion Control) eRe tae
290
Salon, P.R. and C.L. Dewald
Eastern Gamagrass Breeding in New York and Oklahoma
Salon, P.R. and D.J.R. Cherney | 298
Eastern Gamagrass Forage Quality as Influenced by Harvest Management
Salon, P.R. and M. van der Grinten 305
Eastern Gamagrass Response to Accent (nicosulfuron), Basis (rimsulfuron), and Plateau (imazapic) Herbicides
in Comparison to a Few Common Corn Herbicides
Salon, P.R. and E.D. Earle 311
Chromosome Doubling and Mode of Reproduction of Induced Tetraploids of Eastern Gamagrass _
+o
Sanders, S. and USDA NRCS Florida Plant Materials Center Staff
Beach Dune and Critical Area Stabilization with Native Plants
Seamon, G.S., M.J. Hattenbach, A. Cox, and D.R. Gordon 313
Development ofD irect Seeding Techniques to Restore Native Groundcover ina Sandhill Ecosystem
Staver, K.W.
Production and Nutrient Uptake by Native Warm-Season Grasses
Swartz, H.J., G. Meyer, J. Kujawski, N. Melvin, J. Englert, C. Miller, B. Skaradek, and V.Hopkins =” 318
Mid Atlantic Region Grass Collections Efforts at the University of Maryland in Support of the NRCS-PMCs
Tischler, C.R., J.D. Derner, and W.R. Ocumpaugh 322
Improving Seedling Establishment by Modifying Seedling Photomorphogenic Characteristics of Warm-Season
Grasses
Tyndall, R.W.
Restoration of an Indigenous Serpentine Grassland and Oak Savanna Ecosystem in Maryland —
van der Grinten, M. and L.L. Gregory
Vegetated Erosion Control Mats for Site Stabilization
van der Grinten, M., J.H.ConneryL.L.GregoryandJ. Dickerson §. |
Native Plants For National Parks
WashburniE SP TT Re
Converting Tall Fescue Grasslands to Native Warm-Season Grasses
ApeandiA eee ee ee eee ae
Alphabetic List of Common Names of Plants occ sunsnmsnnnniununninssnnnnnanenn
Appendix B ~ 346
Alphabetic List of Scientific Names of Plants
Appendix C 350
List of Attendees
Appendix D 360
Program Committee
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