Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing

38 Pages·2009·0.29 MB·English

EMNLP 2009
Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on
Empirical Methods in
Natural Language Processing
A meeting of SIGDAT,
a special interest group of ACL
held in conjunction with ACL-IJCNLP 2009
6–7 August 2009
Singapore
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WorldScientificPublishingCoPteLtd
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TheconferenceorganizersaregratefultoMicrosoftResearchfortheirgeneroussupport.
(cid:13)c 2009TheAssociationforComputationalLinguistics
andTheAsianFederationofNaturalLanguageProcessing
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ISBN978-1-932432-59-6/1-932432-59-0(Volume1)
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ii
Introduction
Welcometothe2009ConferenceonEmpiricalMethodsinNaturalLanguageProcessing!
TheconferenceisorganizedundertheauspicesofSIGDAT,theACLSpecialInterestGroupforlinguistic
data and corpus-based approaches to natural language processing. It is co-located this year with ACL-
IJCNLP2009inSingapore.
EMNLP received 475 submissions, a new record. We were able to accept 163 papers in total (an
acceptance rate of 34%). Of these, 96 (20%) were accepted for oral presentation, and 67 (14%) for
poster presentation. The papers were selected by a program committee of 15 area chairs, from Asia,
Europe, and North America, assisted by a panel of 389 reviewers. This year EMNLP again held an
author response period. Authors were able to read and respond to the reviews of their paper before
the program committee made a final decision. They were asked to correct factual errors in the reviews
andanswerquestionsraisedinthereviewercomments.Theintentionwastohelpproducemoreaccurate
reviews. In some cases, reviewers changed their scores in view of the authors response and the area
chairsreadallresponsescarefullypriortomakingrecommendationsforacceptance.
Firstandforemost, wewouldliketothanktheauthorswhosubmittedtheirworktoEMNLP.Thesheer
number of submissions reflects how broad and active our field is. We are deeply indebted to the area
chairs and the reviewers for their hard work. They enabled us to select an exciting program and to
provide valuable feedback to the authors. Additional thanks to the Publications Chair, David Chiang,
who put this volume together. Jason Eisner helped us immensely by compiling a web site on “How
to Serve as Program Chair of a Conference.”1 Special thanks to David Yarowsky and Ken Church of
SIGDATwhoprovidedmuchvaluableadviceandassistanceoverthepastmonths. Weareaksograteful
forthefinancialsupportfromMicrosoft.
WearemostgratefultoHaizhouLiwhohelpeduswithvariouslogisticandorganizationalaspectsofthe
conference. RichGerberandtheSTARTteamrespondedtoourquestionsquickly,andhelpedusmanage
the large number of submissions smoothly. Finally, thanks are due to our predecessors, Mirella Lapata
andHweeTouNg,whoseexperienceandexampleweshamelesslyexploited.
PhilippKoehn
RadaMihalcea
1http://www.cs.jhu.edu/jason/advice/how-to-chair-a-conference.html

ProgramCo-Chairs:
PhilippKoehn,UniversityofEdinburgh
RadaMihalcea,UniversityofNorthTexas
AreaChairs:
StephenClark,UniversityofCambridge
MonaDiab,ColumbiaUniversity
JasonEisner,JohnsHopkinsUniversity
KatrinErk,UniversityofTexas
EricFosler-Lussier,OhioStateUniversity
IrynaGurevych,DarmstadtUniversity
HangLi,Microsoft
Chin-YewLin,Microsoft
AdamLopez,UniversityofEdinburgh
ViviNa˘stase,EMLResearch
MilesOsborne,UniversityofEdinburgh
TimPaek,Microsoft
MariusPas¸ca,Google
CarloStrapparava,FBK-irst
TheresaWilson,UniversityofEdinburgh
LocalArrangementsChair:
HaizhouLi,InstituteforInfocommResearch
PublicationsChair:
DavidChiang,USCInformationSciencesInstitute
Reviewers:
AhmedAbbasi Hsin-HsiChen AnetteFrank NancyIde
EugeneAgichtein Pu-JenCheng AlexFraser GonzaloIglesias
AmrAhmed XueqiCheng PascaleFung DianaInkpen
BenAllison ColinCherry EvgeniyGabrilovich MartinJansche
YaseminAltun DavidChiang MichelGalley NitinJindal
AlinaAndreevskaia YejinChoi MichaelGamon RichardJohansson
ShlomoArgamon JenniferChu-Carroll JianfengGao PamelaJordan
AbhishekArun KenChurch YuqingGao JoemonJose
JordiAtserias Massimiliano NikeshGarera HiroshiKanayama
NecipFazilAyan Ciaramita KallirroiGeorgila RohitKate
TimothyBaldwim JamesClarke UlrichGermann GrahamKatz
SrinivasBangalore PaulCook DanielGildea TatsuyaKawahara
RoyBar-Haim BonaventuraCoppola Jesu´sGime´nez FrankKeller
ReginaBarzilay MartaR.Costa-Jussa JonathanGinzburg AdamKilgarriff
RobertoBasili MathiasCreutz RoxanaGirju Soo-MinKim
SabineBergler MontseCuadrosOller ClaudioGiuliano DietrichKlakow
StevenBethard SilviuCucerzan JimGlass AlexandreKlementiev
RahulBhagat HangCui AlfioGliozzo KevinKnight
ChrisBiemann JamesCurran AndrewGoldberg RobKoeling
AlexandraBirch WalterDaelemans JohnGoldsmith GrzegorzKondrak
PhilBlunsom HerculesDalianis SharonGoldwater TerryKoo
DanBohus DipanjanDas Carlos MosheKoppel
GemmaBoleda DmitryDavidov Gomez-Rodriguez Andra´sKornai
JohanBos Adria` deGispert JulioGonzalo ZornitsaKozareva
Alexandre Marie-Catherinede CyrilGoutte Lun-WeiKu
Bouchard-Coˆte´ Marneffe MarkGreenwood SandraKuebler
ThorstenBrants SteveDeNeefe NizarHabash RolandKuhn
EricBreck JohnDeNero BarryHaddow RaviKumar
SamBrody YonggangDeng PatrickHaffner ShankarKumar
SusanBrown PascalDenis ThomasHain SadaoKurohashi
PaulBuitelaar AnnDevitt DilekHakkani-Tur WeiLai
RazvanBunescu FernandoDiaz DavidHall WaiLam
AljoschaBurchardt MarkusDickinson KeithHall LoriLamel
JillBurstein MarkDredze SandaHarabagiu AlonLavie
BillByrne MarkusDreyer SasˇaHasan VictorLavrenko
ChrisCallison-Burch AmitDubey Mark MatthewLease
NicolaCancedda ChrisDyer Hasegawa-Johnson GaryLee
YunboCao KojiEguchi XiaodongHe Gina-AnneLevow
GuiseppeCarenini AndreasEisele JeffreyHeinz WeiLi
MarineCarpuat MichaelElhadad JamesHenderson ZhifeiLi
XavierCarreras AndreaEsuli JohnHenderson DekangLin
JohnCarroll StefanEvert GraemeHirst Hsuan-TienLin
VitorCarvalho RichardFarkas HieuHoang JimmyLin
FranciscoCasacuberta AfsanehFazly JuliaHockenmaier Shou-deLin
MauroCettolo ChristianeFellbaum KristyHollingshead LucianLita
NateChambers JennyFinkel TracyHollowayKing BingLiu
YeeSengChan MargaretFleck FlorentinaHristea NathanLiu
Pi-ChuanChang RaduFlorian LiangHuang QunLiu
HarrChen GeorgeFoster LluisHurtado YangLiu
KarenLivescu NicolasNicolov VasileRus ChristophTillmann
WolfgangMacherey RodneyNielsen AntonRytting IvanTitov
NitinMadnani JoakimNivre MartaSabou KristinaToutanova
RobMalouf TadashiNomoto BogdanSacaleanu RoyTromble
GideonMann FranzOch KenjiSagae YoshimasaTsuruoka
ChrisManning KemalOflazer HoracioSaggion AntalvandenBosch
DanielMarcu ManubuOkumura MuratSaraclar GertjanvanNoord
KatjaMarkert JahnaOtterbacher AnoopSarkar JosefvanGenabith
DavidMartinez IadhOunis RoserSauri LonnekevanderPlas
AndreMartins UlrikePado HelmutSchmid BenjaminVanDurme
YujiMatsumoto LluisPadro KarinSchuler LucyVanderwende
TakuyaMatsuzaki BoPang SabineSchulteim SebastianVarges
MarkMaybury PatrickPantel Walde AshishVenugopal
AndrewMcCallum FuchunPeng HolgerSchwenk DavidVilar
DianaMcCarthy MarcoPennacchiotti FabrizioSebastiani StephanVogel
RyanMcDonald SlavPetrov FrederiqueSegond PiekVossen
KathyMcKeown EmanuelePianta YoheiSeki KuansanWang
QiaozhuMei OlivierPietquin SatoshiSekine RichardWang
ArulMenezes DanielePighin StephanieSeneff WeiWang
FlorianMetze MassimoPoesio HendraSetiawan TaroWatanabe
DonaldMetzler EliasPonvert BurrSettles AndyWay
HaitaoMi SimonePonzetto IzhakShafran AmyWeinberg
EinatMinkov Ana-MariaPopescu DouShen DavidWeir
ShacharMirkin MariusPopescu KhalilSima’an DanWeld
JeffMitchell MajaPopovic´ MichelSimard MichaelWhite
VibhuMittal VictorPoznanski DavidSmith RichardWicentowski
YusukeMiyao JohnPrager NoahSmith JanWiebe
Marie-FrancineMoens RashmiPrasad MatthewSnover JasonWilliams
SaifMohammad ParthaPratimTalukdar Swapna ShulyWintner
ChristofMonz MatthewPurver Somasundaran ReneWitte
TsunMoon SilviaQuarteroni Young-InSong WensiXi
RaymondMooney ChrisQuirk AitorSoroa FeiXia
RobertMoore StephanRaaijmakers CarolineSporleder DeyiXiong
AlessandroMoschitti DanRamage RichardSproat GuXu
TonyMullen OwenRambow RohiniSrihari JunXu
SmarandaMuresan DelipRao MarkSteedman DenizYuret
GabrielMurray AriRappoport AmandaStent RichardZens
GabrieleMusillo DeepakRavichandran MarkStevenson DellZhang
Sung-HyonMyaeng RoiReichart VeselinStoyanov HaoZhang
MikioNakano SebastianRiedel MichaelStrube MinZhang
PreslavNakov StefanRiezler EiichiroSumita YueZhang
SuNamKim GermanRigau MaosongSun BingZhao
AlexisNasr MichaelRiley MihaiSurdeanu MinZhao
TetsuyaNasukawa Hae-ChangRim GyrgySzarvas Tie-JunZhao
RobertoNavigli LauraRimell StanSzpakowicz MingZhou
Mark-JanNederhof BrianRoark IdanSzpektor ShenghuoZhu
AniNenkova PaoloRosso HiroyaTakamura ImedZitouni
GuntherNeumann Antti-VeikkoRosti DavidTalbot OnnoZoeter
HweeTouNg AlexRudnicky JoelTetreault AndreasZollmann
VincentNg AnnaRumshisky SimoneTeufel IngridZukerman

Table of Contents
UnsupervisedSemanticParsing
HoifungPoonandPedroDomingos........................................................1
GraphAlignmentforSemi-SupervisedSemanticRoleLabeling
HagenFu¨rstenauandMirellaLapata......................................................11
Semi-supervisedSemanticRoleLabelingUsingtheLatentWordsLanguageModel
KoenDeschachtandMarie-FrancineMoens...............................................21
Semantic Dependency Parsing of NomBank and PropBank: An Efficient Integrated Approach via a
Large-scaleFeatureSelection
HaiZhao,WenliangChenandChunyuKit................................................30
First-andSecond-OrderExpectationSemiringswithApplicationstoMinimum-RiskTrainingonTrans-
lationForests
ZhifeiLiandJasonEisner...............................................................40
FeasibilityofHuman-in-the-loopMinimumErrorRateTraining
OmarF.ZaidanandChrisCallison-Burch.................................................52
CubePruningasHeuristicSearch
MarkHopkinsandGregLangmead.......................................................62
EffectiveUseofLinguisticandContextualInformationforStatisticalMachineTranslation
LibinShen,JinxiXu,BingZhang,SpyrosMatsoukasandRalphWeischedel ................. 72
ActiveLearningbyLabelingFeatures
GregoryDruck,BurrSettlesandAndrewMcCallum ....................................... 81
EfficientKernelsforSentencePairClassification
FabioMassimoZanzottoandLorenzoDell’Arciprete.......................................91
GraphicalModelsoverMultipleStrings
MarkusDreyerandJasonEisner........................................................101
ReverseEngineeringofTreeKernelFeatureSpaces
DanielePighinandAlessandroMoschitti ................................................ 111
ARichFeatureVectorforProtein-ProteinInteractionExtractionfromMultipleCorpora
MakotoMiwa,RuneSætre,YusukeMiyaoandJun’ichiTsujii ............................. 121
GeneralizedExpectationCriteriaforBootstrappingExtractorsusingRecord-TextAlignment
KedarBellareandAndrewMcCallum...................................................131
NestedNamedEntityRecognition
JennyRoseFinkelandChristopherD.Manning .......................................... 141
AUnifiedModelofPhrasalandSententialEvidenceforInformationExtraction
SiddharthPatwardhanandEllenRiloff...................................................151
ReviewSentimentScoringviaaParse-and-ParaphraseParadigm
JingjingLiuandStephanieSeneff.......................................................161
ix
SupervisedandUnsupervisedMethodsinEmployingDiscourseRelationsforImprovingOpinionPolar-
ityClassification
SwapnaSomasundaran,GalileoNamata,JanyceWiebeandLiseGetoor .................... 170
SentimentAnalysisofConditionalSentences
RamanathanNarayanan,BingLiuandAlokChoudhary...................................180
SubjectivityWordSenseDisambiguation
CemAkkaya,JanyceWiebeandRadaMihalcea..........................................190
Non-ProjectiveParsingforStatisticalMachineTranslation
XavierCarrerasandMichaelCollins .................................................... 200
ExtendingStatisticalMachineTranslationwithDiscriminativeandTrigger-BasedLexiconModels
ArneMauser,SasˇaHasanandHermannNey.............................................210
Feature-RichTranslationbyQuasi-SynchronousLatticeParsing
KevinGimpelandNoahA.Smith.......................................................219
ImprovedWordAlignmentwithStatisticsandLinguisticHeuristics
UlfHermjakob........................................................................229
EntityExtractionviaEnsembleSemantics
MarcoPennacchiottiandPatrickPantel..................................................238
LabeledLDA:ASupervisedTopicModelforCreditAttributioninMulti-labeledCorpora
DanielRamage,DavidHall,RameshNallapatiandChristopherD.Manning.................248
ClusteringtoFindExemplarTermsforKeyphraseExtraction
ZhiyuanLiu,PengLi,YabinZhengandMaosongSun .................................... 257
Geo-mining: DiscoveryofRoadandTransportNetworksUsingDirectionalPatterns
DmitryDavidovandAriRappoport ..................................................... 267
WikipediaasFrameInformationRepository
SaraTonelliandClaudioGiuliano.......................................................276
Fast,Cheap,andCreative: EvaluatingTranslationQualityUsingAmazon’sMechanicalTurk
ChrisCallison-Burch .................................................................. 286
HowWellDoesActiveLearningActuallyWork? Time-basedEvaluationofCost-reductionStrategiesfor
LanguageDocumentation
JasonBaldridgeandAlexisPalmer......................................................296
AutomaticallyEvaluatingContentSelectioninSummarizationwithoutHumanModels
AnnieLouisandAniNenkova..........................................................306
ClassifierCombinationforContextualIdiomDetectionWithoutLabelledData
LinlinLiandCarolineSporleder........................................................315
Deriving Lexical and Syntactic Expectation-based Measures for Psycholinguistic Modeling via Incre-
mentalTop-downParsing
BrianRoark,AsafBachrach,CarlosCardenasandChristophePallier.......................324
It’sNotYou,it’sMe: DetectingFlirtinganditsMisperceptioninSpeed-Dates
RajeshRanganath,DanJurafskyandDanMcFarland......................................334
x