PROBLEM ANIMALS A CRITICAL GENEALOGY OF ANIMAL CRUELTY AND ANIMAL WELFARE ...

397 Pages·2015·3.63 MB·English

PROBLEM ANIMALS
A CRITICAL GENEALOGY OF ANIMAL CRUELTY
AND ANIMAL WELFARE IN SWEDISH POLITICS
–
Per-Anders Svärd
Stockholm Studies in Politics 

Problem Animals
A Critical Genealogy of Animal Cruelty
and Animal Welfare in Swedish Politics –
Per-Anders Svärd
© Per-Anders Svärd, Stockholm University 
Cover image © Emanu Garnheim 
ISBN ----
Stockholm Studies in Politics 
ISSN -

Printed in Sweden by Holmbergs, Malmö .
Distributed by the Department of Political Science, Stockholm University
For my daughter, Ellen

Contents
Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... xiii
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 
I. Whence the Animal Welfare Regime? ...................................................................................................... 
The Regulation vs. Abolition Controversy ........................................................................................... 
II. Aim and Scope of the Study ....................................................................................................................... 
Material and Delimitations .....................................................................................................................
Overview of Legislation on Animal Treatment – ........................................................
III. Disposition ....................................................................................................................................................
. Toward a Critical Genealogy of Animal Welfarism:
Theoretical and Methodological Considerations ......................................................... 
I. Discourse and Identity .................................................................................................................................
II. Lacanian Psychoanalysis: Lack, Enjoyment, and Desire ...................................................................
Enjoyment as a Political Factor .............................................................................................................
Ideological Fantasy ...................................................................................................................................
Animal Rites: Speciesism as Institutionalized Practice ..................................................................
III. Interrogating Political Problems ............................................................................................................
IV. Synthesis and Analytical Framework ...................................................................................................
Coding and Analytical Categorization................................................................................................
Filling in the Gap: History between the Real and Representation .............................................
V. On Animal Rights and Human Wrongs .................................................................................................
. From Indifference to Benevolence:
Changing Attitudes toward Animals in Europe and Sweden ................................. 
I. European Perspectives ................................................................................................................................
The Middle Class Thesis ...........................................................................................................................
Animals and the Civilizing Process ......................................................................................................
Disciplining the “Dangerous Classes” .................................................................................................
Animality, Nation, and “Race” in the Age of Empire ......................................................................
Vivisection and the gendering of the animal cause .......................................................................
II. Anti-Cruelty and Animal Protection Ideas in Sweden ......................................................................
The Origins of the Swedish Animal Protection Movement .........................................................
Cultural and Intellectual In�uences on the Swedish Movement ...............................................
Social Composition and Image of the Movement ..........................................................................
Continuity or Discontinuity? ..................................................................................................................
Kindness to Animals in the Countryside ............................................................................................
From Contract to Cynicism—or Beyond Binaries? .........................................................................
Vivisection in Sweden ..............................................................................................................................
Other Works ................................................................................................................................................
III. Summary ........................................................................................................................................................
. “I Do Not Want to Speak Here of the Educated Classes …”:
Classifying Animal Cruelty – ............................................................................. 
Overview of Reform Efforts and Legislation – ..............................................................
I. Main Problem Representations ................................................................................................................
The Problem of the Lower-Class Animal Abuser .............................................................................
The Problem of Human Brutalization .................................................................................................
The Problem of Line Drawing................................................................................................................
II. Conditions and Effects of the Problem Representations ...............................................................
A Natural Hierarchy ..................................................................................................................................
The Fantasy of the Animal-abusing Other ........................................................................................
The Articulation of Animal Vulnerability and its Limits ................................................................
Animal Nationalism ..................................................................................................................................
Visible and Symbolic Animals ............................................................................................................ 
Animal Rites Before Animal Rights: Border-patrolling the Kingdom of Ends .................... 
III. Summary and Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 
. Prometheus Unbound:
Anatomy of the Vivisection Debates – ...................................................... 
I. Vivisection: A Historical Background ................................................................................................... 
Early Vivisection and Anti-Vivisectionism in Sweden ................................................................. 
Overview of Reform Proposals – ................................................................................... 
II. Main Problem Representations ............................................................................................................ 
The Challenge to Vivisection .............................................................................................................. 
In Defense of Vivisection...................................................................................................................... 
III. Conditions and Effects of the Problem Representations ........................................................... 
Idealism vs. Materialism ....................................................................................................................... 
The Meaning of Cruelty ........................................................................................................................ 
Nature Red in Tooth and Claw: Human Dominion and Nature’s Own Vivisection .......... 
Vegetarianism and Other Absurdities ............................................................................................. 
Straining Gnats and Swallowing Camels: The Tu-Quoque Argument ................................. 
The Split Society and the Vivisector’s Perverse Enjoyment ...................................................... 
IV. Summary and Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 
. When All Animals Became Equal:
Zoologies of Inclusion and Exclusion – ..................................................... 
Overview of Reform Efforts and Legislation .................................................................................. 
I. Main Problem Representations ............................................................................................................. 
The Problems of Lower-Class Animal Abuse and Human Brutalization ............................... 
The Problem of Live Animal Transports .......................................................................................... 
The Problem of Animals in the Wild ................................................................................................. 
The Problem of De�ning “Apparent Cruelty”................................................................................ 
II. Conditions and Effects of the Problem Representations ............................................................. 
The Constitutive Crisis of Cruelty ...................................................................................................... 
Animal Vulnerability and the Ghost of Vegetarianism ............................................................... 
Sweden and Other Countries ............................................................................................................. 
“These Fanatical Animal Protection Societies” ............................................................................. 
The Dislocation of the Animal Protectionists ................................................................................ 
III. Summary and Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 
. Struggling to State the Obvious:
Taxonomies of Animal Harm – ..................................................................... 
Overview of Reform Efforts and Legislation – ........................................................... 
I. Main Problem Representations ............................................................................................................. 
Elusive Cruelty ......................................................................................................................................... 
The Government’s  Proposition ............................................................................................... 
The  Debates .................................................................................................................................. 
II. Conditions and Effects of the Problem Representations ............................................................. 
The Space–Time of Interspecies Justice .......................................................................................... 
Animal Vulnerability .............................................................................................................................. 
The Slaughter of Bees ........................................................................................................................... 
III. Summary and Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 
. Terrible Things Will Remain:
The Slaughter Debates – ................................................................................ 
Overview of Reform Proposals – ................................................................................... 
I. Main Problem Representations ............................................................................................................. 
The Problem of Traditional Home Slaughter ................................................................................ 
The Problem of Shechita ...................................................................................................................... 
In Defense of Shechita .......................................................................................................................... 
Solving the Problem of Shechita ....................................................................................................... 
The Problem of the Danish-American Slaughter Method......................................................... 
The Problem of Reindeer Slaughter ................................................................................................. 
Death Ex Machina: The Introduction of Electric Stunning ........................................................ 
II. Why a Slaughter Law? Conditions and Effects of the Problem Representations ................. 
The Other as Scapegoat ....................................................................................................................... 
III. Summary and Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 
. Protecting the Animals?
The Rise of Animal Welfarism – .................................................................... 
Overview of Reform Efforts and Legislation – ........................................................... 
I. Main Problem Representations ............................................................................................................. 
The New Problem of Animal Maltreatment ................................................................................... 
Vivisection ................................................................................................................................................ 
Animal Transports .................................................................................................................................. 
Protection of Slaughter Animals ....................................................................................................... 
Castration, Tail Docking, and Ear Cropping ................................................................................... 
Exit Cruelty, Enter Suffering: The New Criminal Code ................................................................ 
II. Conditions and Effects of the Problem Representations ............................................................. 
Animal Vulnerability .............................................................................................................................. 
The Dangers and Promises of Animal Protectionism ................................................................. 
Nationalism .............................................................................................................................................. 
III. The Rise of Animal Welfarism ............................................................................................................... 
Reaffirming speciesist relations ......................................................................................................... 
. Conclusions .............................................................................................................................. 
I. Changing Problem Representations .................................................................................................... 
II. The Meaning of the Welfarist Turn ...................................................................................................... 
Cruelty from Crisis to Collapse ........................................................................................................... 
The Role of Ideological Fantasy ......................................................................................................... 
Speciesist Backlash and the Triumph of Difference .................................................................... 
III. Implications for Future Research ........................................................................................................ 
IV. Implications for Animal Advocacy Today ........................................................................................ 
Sammanfattning ........................................................................................................................... 
Djurskyddsideologins uppkomst ............................................................................................................. 
Lagstiftning om djurplågeri och djurskydd –............................................................ 
Syfte och frågeställningar, teori och metod ......................................................................................... 
Från djurplågeriförbud till djurskydd ..................................................................................................... 
Den djurskyddsliga vändningen och dess betydelse ....................................................................... 
Grymhetens kris och kollaps ............................................................................................................... 