Pro Java 6 3D Game Development: Java 3D, JOGL, JInput and JOAL APIs (Expert's Voice in Java)

527 Pages·2007·14.71 MB·English

by  Andrew Davison

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Dear Reader,

3
Throw away your keyboard and mouse, and explore strange new lands filled J
D
with mysterious objects (cows frozen in blocks of ice, chirping penguins, gold-
a
en globes with wavering eyes), armed with a gamepad, a power glove, or just ,™
Java 6 3D
your bare hands. v
J
The unconventionally
In this book, I show you how to develop and program 3D games in Java™ O a ™
handsome author of
technology on a PC, with an emphasis on the construction of 3D landscapes. I
Killer Game Programming G ™
assume you have a reasonable knowledge of Java, the sort of things picked up
in Java L
in a first Java course at school.
, 6
Different from other Java games programming books, here you’ll find the
J
focus is on the latest 3D APIs, covering a range of libraries that you can’t find Game Development
I 3
described in one place anywhere else. n
I’ve split the topics into three sections: Java 3D™ API, nonstandard input p D
devices for game playing, and JOGL. Java 3D is a high-level 3D graphics API, u
and JOGL is a lower-level Java wrapper around the popular OpenGL graphics t
API. I look at three nonstandard input devices: the webcam, the gamepad, and , G
the P5 data glove. Along the way, I utilize several other games-related libraries, a
a
including JInput, JOAL, JMF, and Odejava. I describe the latest Java SE 6 features n Java 3D,™ JOGL, JInput, and JOAL APIs
relevant to gaming, including splash screens, JavaScript™ scripting, and the d m
desktop and system tray interfaces.
J
Read, enjoy, and create—new techniques and endless possibilities await, O e
using Java 6 for your 3D games programming.
A
Regards, L D

Andrew Davison A e
Learn the key techniques needed to create fun, exciting
P
v
I 3D games in Java™ technology, with an emphasis on
s
e
3D landscape construction
THE APRESS JAVA™ ROADMAP
l
Companion eBook o
Beginning Java™ Objects, Java™ 6 p
Second Edition Platform Revealed
Pro Java™ 6 3D
m
Game Development
Beginning Java™ SE 6
See last page for details
on $10 eBook version e
n
t
: Andrew Davison
SOURCE CODE ONLINE ISBN-13: 978-1-59059-817-7
ISBN-10: 1-59059-817-2
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java.apress.com Davison
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Java/Games Programming
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817-2FM.qxd 3/27/07 3:40 PM Page i
Pro Java 6 3D Game
™
Development
Java 3D™, JOGL, JInput,
and JOAL APIs
Andrew Davison
817-2FM.qxd 3/27/07 3:40 PM Page ii
Pro Java™6 3D Game Development: Java 3D™,JOGL,JInput,and JOAL APIs
Copyright © 2007 by Andrew Davison
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To Supatra and John
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Contents at a Glance
About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
About the Technical Reviewers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv
PART 1 n n nJava 3D
nCHAPTER 1 Introducing Java 3D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
nCHAPTER 2 Get a Life (in 3D). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
nCHAPTER 3 Get a Life (the Java 6 Way) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
nCHAPTER 4 The Colliding Grabbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
nCHAPTER 5 When Worlds Collide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
nCHAPTER 6 A Multitextured Landscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
nCHAPTER 7 Walking Around the Models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
nCHAPTER 8 More Backgrounds and Overlays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
PART 2 n n nNonstandard Input Devices
nCHAPTER 9 Webcam Snaps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
nCHAPTER 10 Navigating a 3D Scene by Waving Your Arm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
nCHAPTER 11 Building a Gamepad Controller with JInput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
nCHAPTER 12 Gamepad Grabbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
nCHAPTER 13 3D Sound with JOAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
nCHAPTER 14 The P5 Glove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
PART 3 n n nJOGL
nCHAPTER 15 Two JOGL Programming Frameworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
nCHAPTER 16 Touring the World. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
nCHAPTER 17 Loading Models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
nINDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
v
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Contents
About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
About the Technical Reviewers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv
PART 1 n n nJava 3D
nCHAPTER 1 Introducing Java 3D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Overview of Java 3D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Overview of the Scene Graph. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Some Java 3D Scene Graph Nodes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
The HelloUniverse Scene Graph. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Java 3D Strengths. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
The Scene Graph. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Unique Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Java Integration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Documentation and Examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Criticisms of Java 3D for Games Programming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Java 3D’s Level of Abstraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Java 3D Games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Java 3D Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Alternatives to Java 3D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
nCHAPTER 2 Get a Life (in 3D). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
The Game of Life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Running Life3D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Configuring Life3D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
A Life3D Screensaver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
An Overview of the Life3D Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Deciding How to Start. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
vii
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viii nCONTENTS
Displaying the 3D Game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Integrating Java 3D and Swing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Window Sizing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Processing Key Presses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Scene Graph Creation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Lighting the Scene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
The Scene’s Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Building the Cells Grid and Making It Behave. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Viewer Positioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Viewer Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Behaviors in Java 3D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
A Time-Based Behavior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Managing the Grid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Accessing Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Creating the Grid Scene Graph. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Updating the Cells States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Will the Cell Live or Die?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Rotating the Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
The Cell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Building the Cell’s Scene Graph. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Coloring the Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Setting the Cell’s Visibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Changing a Cell’s Life State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Visual Changes to a Cell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Time for Screensavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Changing Life3D into a Screensaver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Problems with Screensavers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
The SaverBeans SDK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
More Life Required? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
nCHAPTER 3 Get a Life (the Java 6 Way). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Life3D Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
An Overview of the Life3D Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Making a Splash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Animating a Clock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Drawing onto a Splash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Drawing the Clocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
JAR Packaging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Adding ClockAnimation to Life3D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
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nCONTENTS ix
The Desktop API. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Using the Desktop Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
What Other Browser Capabilities Are There?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
The System Tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Creating Life3D’s Popup Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
The Menu Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Creating the TrayIcon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Building the Popup Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Listening for Actions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Using a Text Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Launching an E-mail Client. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Listening for the Check Boxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Scripting in Java SE 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Executing a Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Communicating with a Script. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Speeding Things Up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Calling Script Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Letting a Script Use Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
More Scripting Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Scripting in Life3D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Initializing the Grid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Changing the Grid’s State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Executing the Script Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
The Rules Script. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
nCHAPTER 4 The Colliding Grabbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Building Articulated Arms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Class Diagrams for Arms3D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Creating the Application Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Drawing the 3D Scene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Processing the Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Monitoring Grabber Joints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Managing the Grabbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Adding the Grabbers to the Scene Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Processing Keyboard Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Translating the Grabbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Rotating a Grabber Joint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Collecting the Collision Joints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Collision Detection and Recovery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Why Bother with JointsBehavior? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Touching the Floor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98