Pro Apache XML

491 Pages·2006·3.513 MB·English

by  Poornachandra Sarang Ph.D. (auth.)

Pro Apache XML
Poornachandra Sarang, Ph.D.
ProApache XML
Copyright © 2006 by Poornachandra Sarang,Ph.D.
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ISBN-13: 978-1-59059-641-8
ISBN-10: 1-59059-641-2
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Technical Reviewer: Lalitha Sanatkumar
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To my mother,Shobha
Contents at a Glance
About the Author.................................................................xvii
About the Technical Reviewer .....................................................xviii
Acknowledgments................................................................xix
Introduction......................................................................xx
Preface.........................................................................xxii
■CHAPTER 1 XML............................................................1
■CHAPTER 2 XML Processing ...............................................39
■CHAPTER 3 Web Services Architecture....................................105
■CHAPTER 4 Apache SOAP.................................................151
■CHAPTER 5 XSLT and Apache Xalan.......................................195
■CHAPTER 6 XSL-FO.......................................................237
■CHAPTER 7 The Apache Cocoon Framework...............................279
■CHAPTER 8 XML-Security.................................................327
■CHAPTER 9 XML Databases...............................................375
■CHAPTER 10 Apache Forrest...............................................415
■APPENDIX A Linux Installations ............................................449
■INDEX .......................................................................455
v
Contents
About the Author.................................................................xvii
About the Technical Reviewer .....................................................xviii
Acknowledgments................................................................xix
Introduction......................................................................xx
Preface.........................................................................xxii
■CHAPTER 1 XML...........................................................1
Why Use XML?...................................................1
WhatIs XML?....................................................2
XML Syntax......................................................3
XML Documents Are Text Based...............................4
XML Is Case Sensitive........................................4
XML Restricts the Use of Certain Characters ....................4
XML Documents Begin with an XML Declaration.................5
XML Documents Are Marked by Using Elements.................5
Every Element Has a Start and an End Tag......................5
EveryXML Document Must Start with a Root Element............5
Elements in an XML Document Can Be Nested ..................5
An Element Can Be Empty....................................6
An XML Document Can Contain User-Written Comments .........6
CDATA Encloses Data That Should Not Be Interpreted by Parsers ...7
XML Namespaces................................................7
What Is a Namespace?.......................................7
Creating Fully Qualified Elements..............................8
Creating Multiple Namespaces................................8
Using a Default Namespace..................................10
Using Both Default and Prefixed Namespaces..................11
Document Type Definition........................................12
Writing a DTD..............................................12
Including a DTD in a Document...............................18
Understanding DTD Drawbacks ..............................20
vii
viii ■CONTENTS
XML Schema ...................................................20
Defining Elements..........................................21
Defining Attributes..........................................21
Using Additional Specifiers...................................21
Annotating XML Schemas ...................................23
Using Simple Data Types in XML Schemas.....................24
Using Complex Types in XML Schemas........................28
Including XML Schemas.....................................36
Summary.......................................................37
■CHAPTER 2 XML Processing.............................................39
Need for XML Parsing............................................39
Understanding the Need for Parsing...........................39
Extracting Data by Using Parsers .............................40
Using Parsing Techniques ...................................41
Obtaining Ready-to-Use Parsers..............................41
Using XML Transformations..................................42
Practical Applications of XML Parsing..............................42
Stock Brokerage............................................42
Market Survey Application...................................43
Application Configurations...................................44
Other Applications..........................................45
System Architecture for XML Processing ...........................45
Installing Software...............................................46
Parsing with SAX................................................47
SAX Processing Model ......................................47
Pros and Cons of SAX Processing.............................49
SAX Processing Model Architecture...........................50
Document Processing Using SAX.............................50
SAX API ...................................................63
DOM...........................................................65
DOM Processing Model......................................66
Pros and Cons of DOM ......................................66
Document Processing Using DOM ............................68
Application for Counting Number of Customers.................69
Updating a Document by Using DOM..........................73
DOM API...................................................79
■CONTENTS ix
XMLBeans......................................................80
XMLBeans Processing Model ................................81
Pros and Cons of XMLBeans .................................81
Installing the XMLBeans Software ............................82
Document Processing Using XMLBeans .......................83
SAX,DOM,XMLBeans—Which One to Use?.......................102
Summary......................................................103
■CHAPTER 3 Web Services Architecture ................................105
What Is a Web Service? .........................................105
Web Services Integration Model..................................106
Why Web Services?.............................................108
Platform Independent......................................108
Language Independent.....................................108
Transport Independent.....................................108
Web Services Architecture.......................................109
Service Creation...........................................110
Service Publication ........................................110
Service Location...........................................111
Service Description........................................111
Service Binding ...........................................112
Service Invocation.........................................112
SOAP .........................................................113
WhatIs SOAP?............................................113
SOAP Message Structure...................................114
SOAP Messaging Modes....................................126
SOAP over HTTP...........................................129
WSDL.........................................................131
Why WSDL? ..............................................131
How to Use WSDL .........................................131
WSDL Document Structure .................................131
The definitions Element ....................................132
The types Element.........................................133
The import Element........................................133
The message Element......................................134
The portType and operation Elements........................135
The binding Element.......................................135
The service Element .......................................136
Messaging Exchange Pattern ...............................137
The Complete WSDL Example...............................139
x ■CONTENTS
UDDI..........................................................141
Public and Private Registries................................141
UDDI Data Structures ......................................142
UDDI APIs ................................................146
Publishing API Save Messages..............................147
Publishing API Delete Messages.............................147
Publishing API Security Messages ...........................148
Inquiry API Find Messages..................................148
Inquiry API Get Messages...................................149
Summary......................................................149
■CHAPTER 4 Apache SOAP...............................................151
Installing Apache SOAP and Related Software......................151
Installing JRE 1.5..........................................152
Installing Apache Tomcat...................................152
Installing Apache SOAP.....................................154
SOAP Implementation Architecture ...............................156
Developing Web Services........................................157
Creating an RPC-Style Web Service..........................157
Creating a Document-Style Web Service......................167
Exception Handling ........................................176
Data Type Mappings.......................................181
Deployment Descriptors....................................189
Summary......................................................193
■CHAPTER 5 XSLT and Apache Xalan ...................................195
WhatIs Transformation? ........................................196
Need for Transformation ........................................196
Apache Xalan Project ...........................................197
Downloading Xalan ........................................197
Installing Xalan............................................197
Testing the Installation.....................................198
The Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL).........................198
Quick Tour of XPath ............................................199
XPath Syntax..............................................200
XPath Axes ...............................................205
XPath Operators...........................................207
■CONTENTS xi
AQuick Tour of XSLT ...........................................207
XSLT Processing Model ....................................208
XSLT Example.............................................208
XSLT Document Structure ..................................212
Xalan’s Transformation Capabilities...............................214
Using the Command-Line Transformation Tool ................214
Writing Your First Transformation Program....................214
Compiling and Running the Application.......................216
Server-Side Transformations ....................................217
Performing Transformation in JSP...........................217
Invoking JSP..............................................218
Transforming Selected Contents..................................219
Partially Processing Documents .............................219
Compiling and Running the Application.......................222
Filters.........................................................224
Java XSLT-Filtering Application..............................224
The Push Filtering Model ...................................229
Translets......................................................232
Command-Line Tool .......................................232
Programming Interface for Translets.........................233
Summary......................................................235
■CHAPTER 6 XSL-FO......................................................237
Installing FOP..................................................237
Downloading and Installing FOP.............................238
Testing the Installation.....................................238
First FO Example...............................................239
Performing Transformation .................................241
Viewing Output............................................242
The XSL-FO Document Structure.................................242
The Top-Level Document Structure..........................243
XSL-FO Areas.............................................243
XSL-FO Page Templates....................................245
Organizing Content ........................................246
Incorporating Graphics..........................................248
Adding Images............................................249
Including SVG Images......................................249
Creating Tables ................................................252
xii ■CONTENTS
Columnar Text.................................................258
Creating the XSL-FO Document .............................258
Rendering Columnar Output.................................263
Processing Documents Programmatically..........................264
Stand-Alone Applications for Transformations.................264
Creating a Server-Side Transformation Application.............270
Summary......................................................276
■CHAPTER 7 The Apache Cocoon Framework ..........................279
Why Another Web Framework? ..................................280
ABrief History of Cocoon........................................281
Downloading the Software.......................................282
Building and Installing the Software..........................282
Testing Your Installation....................................283
Cocoon’s Pipeline Architecture...................................284
Generator.................................................285
Transformer ..............................................285
Serializer.................................................286
Matchers.................................................286
Your First Cocoon Application....................................287
Creating the Input Source Document.........................287
Defining the Transformation ................................287
Defining the Serializer......................................289
Creating a Sitemap ........................................289
Deploying and Running the Application.......................290
The Sitemap Document .........................................291
The components Element...................................291
The views Element ........................................291
The resources Element.....................................292
The actions Element .......................................294
The pipelines Element......................................295
Modifying Pipelines.............................................296
Generating Text Output.....................................296
Generating PDF Output.....................................297
Generating Output in Other Formats..........................301
The Transformers in Cocoon.....................................302
The i18n Transformer......................................303
The Generators in Cocoon.......................................308
The Serializers in Cocoon........................................308