Table Of ContentRethinking Peace and Conflict Studies
Series Editor: Oliver P. Richmond, Professor, School of International Relations,
University of St. Andrews, UK
Editorial Board: Roland Bleiker, University of Queensland, Australia; Henry F. Carey,
Georgia State University, USA; Costas Constantinou, University of Keele, UK; A.J.R. Groom,
University of Kent, UK; Vivienne Jabri, King’s College London, UK; Edward Newman,
University of Birmingham, UK; Sorpong Peou, Sophia University, Japan; Caroline Kennedy-
Pipe, University of Sheffield, UK; Professor Michael Pugh, University of Bradford, UK;
Chandra Sriram, University of East London, UK; Ian Taylor, University of St. Andrews, UK;
Alison Watson, University of St. Andrews, UK; R.B.J. Walker, University of Victoria, Canada;
Andrew Williams, University of St. Andrews, UK.
Titles include:
Roland Bleiker
AESTHETICS AND WORLD POLITICS
Morgan Brigg
THE NEW POLITICS OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION
Responding to Difference
Susanne Buckley-Zistel
CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN UGANDA
Remembering after Violence
Karina Z. Butler
A CRITICAL HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION APPROACH
Henry F. Carey
PRIVATIZING THE DEMOCRATIC PEACE
Policy Dilemmas of NGO Peacebuilding
Jason Franks
RETHINKING THE ROOTS OF TERRORISM
Sarah Holt
AID, PEACEBUILDING AND THE RESURGENCE OF WAR
Buying Time in Sri Lanka
Vivienne Jabri
WAR AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF GLOBAL POLITICS
James Ker-Lindsay
EU ACCESSION AND UN PEACEMAKING IN CYPRUS
Roger Mac Ginty
INTERNATIONAL PEACEBUILDING AND LOCAL RESISTANCE
Hybrid Forms of Peace
NO WAR, NO PEACE
The Rejuvenation of Stalled Peace Processes and Peace Accords
Carol McQueen
HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION AND SAFETY ZONES
Iraq, Bosnia and Rwanda
Audra L. Mitchell
LOST IN TRANSFORMATION
Violent Peace and Peaceful Conflict in Northern Ireland
Sorpong Peou
INTERNATIONAL DEMOCRACY ASSISTANCE FOR PEACEBUILDING
Cambodia and Beyond
Sergei Prozorov
UNDERSTANDING CONFLICT BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE EU
The Limits of Integration
Oliver P. Richmond
THE TRANSFORMATION OF PEACE
Oliver P. Richmond and Audra Mitchell (editors)
HYBRID FORMS OF PEACE
From Everyday Agency to Post-Liberalism
Bahar Rumelili
CONSTRUCTING REGIONAL COMMUNITY AND ORDER IN EUROPE AND
SOUTHEAST ASIA
Chandra Lekha Sriram
PEACE AS GOVERNANCE
Power-Sharing, Armed Groups and Contemporary Peace Negotiations
Stephan Stetter
WORLD SOCIETY AND THE MIDDLE EAST
Reconstructions in Regional Politics
Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies
Series Standing Order ISBN 978–1–4039–9575–9 (hardback) &
978–1–4039–9576–6 (paperback)
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RG21 6XS, England
Privatizing the Democratic
Peace
Policy Dilemmas of NGO Peacebuilding
Henry F. Carey
Associate Professor of Political Science, Department of Political Science,
Georgia State University, USA
© Henry F. Carey 2012
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2012 978-1-4039-9688-6
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this
publication may be made without written permission.
No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted
save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence
permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,
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Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication
may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
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in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2012 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited,
registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke,
Hampshire RG21 6XS.
Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY10010.
Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies
and has companies and representatives throughout the world.
Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States,
the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries
ISBN 978-1-349-54586-5 ISBN 978-0-230-35573-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230355736
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully
managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing
processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of
the country of origin.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12
In Memory of Victor H. Frank, Jr. (1927–2010) and John Carey, Jr.
(1955–2011).
As this book was completed, my younger brother passed away.
Felled by the debilitating illness of schizophrenia as a young adult,
he nevertheless persevered in his idealistic work as a committed
pacifist and peacemaker. His extraordinary talents as a youth
showed incredible promise of future contributions. I hope, in also
dedicating this book to him, that his efforts to bridge differences
and melt hatred among those at odds with each other will leave an
inspiring example to future generations. Victor H. Frank, Jr. spent
much of his life in public service, including as US Executive
Director of the Asian Development Bank and in founding and
building an NGO, the Asian Programs Foundation, which
supported various projects of dialogue and business cooperation to
promote mutual understanding and cooperation among Asian
Muslims and the West. The creative and energetic efforts of my
Uncle Vic and brother Johnny are not only complementary to each
other but also examples of the essential work needed for the
survival, positive peace and prosperity of all on this planet.
Contents
List of Abbreviations viii
Preface and Acknowledgments xi
1 Introduction 1
2 Pacting Dilemmas of Democratic Reconciliation 39
3 Dilemmas of Physical and Human Security 60
4 Liberal Dilemmas of Human Rights Monitoring 87
5 Dilemmas on Promoting the Rule of Law 126
6 Foreign Aid Dependency Dilemmas 156
7 Democratic Dilemmas of Election Monitoring 173
8 Conclusion: Policy Impacts of NGOs 207
Notes 234
Select Bibliography 266
Index 273
vii
Abbreviations
AFP Armed Forces of the Philippines
AI Amnesty International
ANC African National Congress
AUC Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia
BINGOs big international NGOs
CASEC (in French) Communal Administrative Section (Haiti)
CAT Convention Against Torture
CEP Provisional Electoral Council (Haiti)
CHDFs Civilian Home Defense Forces (Philippines)
CJA Center for Justice and Accountability
CoE Council of Europe
COMELEC Commission on Elections (Philippines)
CPR civil and political rights
CSOs civil society organizations
DONGOs donor-created NGOs
ECHR European Court of Human Rights
ESCRs economic, social and cultural rights
EU European Union
FRAPH Front for the Advancement and Progress of Haiti
FSU former Soviet Union
GAD Grand Alliance for Democracy (Philippines)
GPMR (in French) Farmers’ Organization of the People of Regnier (Haiti)
GRADE (in French) G roup for the Support and Development of the
Environment (Haiti)
GRAPES (in French) Group for Action in Protection of the South (Haiti)
HINGOs Humanitarian International NGOs
HRF Human Rights First
HRW Human Rights Watch
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
ICC International Criminal Court
ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights
ICJ International Commission of Jurists
ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross
ICTJ International Centre for Transitional Justice
ICTR International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
viii
List of Abbreviations ix
ICTY International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
IDF Israel Defense Forces
IDPs internally displaced peoples
IFES International Foundation for Electoral Systems
IFRC International Federation of Red Cross
IGOs inter-governmental organizations
IHL international humanitarian law
INGOs International NGOs
IOs international organizations
IPSE Institute for Politics, Sociology and Economics (Nicaragua)
IRA Irish Republican Army
IRC International Rescue Committee
IRI International Republican Institute
IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee
LIFG Libyan Islamic Fighting Group
MEPI Middle Eastern Partnership Initiative
MIEEH International Mission for the Evaluation of Elections in Haiti
MINUSTAH UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti
MNCs multinational corporations
MONUC UN Mission to the Democratic Republic of Congo
MQM Muttahida Qaumi (National) Movement
MRA Moral Re-Armament
MSF Médecins sans Frontières (Doctors without Borders)
NAMFREL National Citizens’ Movement for Free Elections (Philippines)
NCA Norwegian Church Aid
NDI National Democratic Institute
NED National Endowment for Democracy
NGOs non-governmental organizations
NICs newly industrialized countries
NPA Norwegian People’s Aid
NRA National Rifle Association
OAS Organization of American States
OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
OLS Operation Lifeline Sudan
PICC Philippine International Convention Center
PNG Papua New Guinea
QUANGOs quasi-NGOs
R2P responsibility to protect
SAR Societatea Academică din România (Romanian Academic
Society)
TANs transnational advocacy networks
TFD Task Force Detainees (Philippines)
