Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding

584 Pages·2006·4.36 MB·English

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Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding
POPA01 28/8/06 3:59 PM Page ii
Dedication
To my parents
Shiloh and Ernestina
With love and admiration
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Principles of Plant Genetics
and Breeding
George Acquaah
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Copyright © 2007 by George Acquaah
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA
9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK
550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
The right of George Acquaah to be identified as the Author of this Work
has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as
permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988, without the
prior permission of the publisher.
First published 2007 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
1 2007
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Acquaah, George.
Principles of plant genetics and breeding / George Acquaah.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-3646-4 (hardback : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 1-4051-3646-4 (hardback : alk. paper)
1. Plant breeding. 2. Plant genetics. I. Title.
SB123.A334 2007
631.5′233—dc22
2006004754
A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library.
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POPA01 28/8/06 3:59 PM Page v
Contents
Industry highlights boxes, vii
Industry highlights box authors, ix
Preface, xi
Acknowledgments, xiii
Part I Underlying science and methods of plant breeding, 1
Section 1 Historical perspectives and importance of plant breeding, 2
1 History and role of plant breeding in society, 3
Section 2 General biological concepts, 16
2 The art and science of plant breeding, 17
3 Plant cellular organization and genetic structure: an overview, 35
4 Plant reproductive systems, 55
Section 3 Germplasm issues, 74
5 Variation: types, origin, and scale, 75
6 Plant genetic resources for plant breeding, 87
Section 4 Genetic analysis in plant breeding, 108
7 Introduction to concepts of population genetics, 109
8 Introduction to quantitative genetics, 121
9 Common statistical methods in plant breeding, 146
Section 5 Tools in plant breeding, 163
10 Sexual hybridization and wide crosses in plant breeding, 164
11 Tissue culture and the breeding of clonally propagated plants, 181
12 Mutagenesis in plant breeding, 199
13 Polyploidy in plant breeding, 214
14 Biotechnology in plant breeding, 231
15 Issues in the application of biotechnology in plant breeding, 257
Section 6 Classic methods of plant breeding, 281
16 Breeding self-pollinated species, 282
17 Breeding cross-pollinated species, 313
18 Breeding hybrid cultivars, 334
Section 7 Selected breeding objectives, 351
19 Breeding for physiological and morphological traits, 352
20 Breeding for resistance to diseases and insect pests, 367
21 Breeding for resistance to abiotic stresses, 385
22 Breeding compositional traits and added value, 404
Section 8 Cultivar release and commercial seed production, 417
23 Performance evaluation for crop cultivar release, 418
24 Seed certification and commercial seed multiplication, 435
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vi CONTENTS
25 International plant breeding efforts, 450
26 Emerging concepts in plant breeding, 462
Part II Breeding selected crops, 471
27 Breeding wheat, 472
28 Breeding corn, 485
29 Breeding rice, 498
30 Breeding sorghum, 509
31 Breeding soybean, 519
32 Breeding peanut, 529
33 Breeding potato, 537
34 Breeding cotton, 546
Glossary, 556
Appendix 1: Internet resources, 561
Appendix 2: Conversion rates, 563
Index, 564
POPA01 28/8/06 4:00 PM Page vii
Industry highlights boxes
Chapter 1 Chapter 12
Normal Ernest Borlaug: the man and his passion Current apple breeding programs to release apple scab-
George Acquaah resistant scion cultivars
F. Laurens
Chapter 2
Introduction and adaptation of new crops Chapter 13
Jaime Prohens, Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo, and Fer- Application of tissue culture for tall wheatgrass improve-
nando Nuez ment
Kanyand Matand and George Acquaah
Chapter 3
No box Chapter 14
Bioinformatics for sequence and genomic data
Chapter 4 Hugh B. Nicholas, Jr., David W. Deerfield II, and
Maize × Tripsacum hybridization and the transfer of Alexander J. Ropelewski
apomixis: historical review
Bryan Kindiger Chapter 15
The intersection of science and policy in risk analysis of
Chapter 5 genetically engineered plants
No box David A. Lee and Laura E. Bartley
Chapter 6 Chapter 16
Plant genetic resources for breeding Barley breeding in the United Kingdom
K. Hammer, F. Heuser, K. Khoshbakht, and Y. Teklu W. T. B. Thomas
Chapter 7 Chapter 17
No box Developing a new cool-season perennial grass forage:
interspecific hybrids of Poa arachnifera×Poa secunda
Chapter 8 Bryan Kindiger
Recurrent selection with soybean
Joe W. Burton Chapter 18
Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.: bringing seed value
Chapter 9 to the grower
Multivariate analyses procedures: applications in plant Jerry Harrington
breeding, genetics, and agronomy
A. A. Jaradat Chapter 19
Bringing Roundup Ready® technology to wheat
Chapter 10 Sally Metz
The use of the wild potato species, Solanum etuberosum,
in developing virus- and insect-resistant potato varieties Chapter 20
Richard Novy Genetic improvement of cassava through biotechnology
Nigel J. Taylor
Chapter 11
Haploids and doubled haploids: their generation and Chapter 21
application in plant breeding Discovering genes for drought adaptation in sorghum
Sergey Chalyk Andrew Borrell, David Jordan, John Mullet, Patricia
POPA01 28/8/06 4:00 PM Page viii
viii INDUSTRYHIGHLIGHTSBOXES
Klein, Robert Klein, Henry Nguyen, Darrell Rosenow, A. Fritz, B. S. Gill, K. S. Gill, S. Haley, K. K. Kidwell,
Graeme Hammer, and Bob Henzell S. F. Kianian, N. Lapitan, H. Ohm, D. Santra, M. Sorrells,
M. Soria, E. Souza, and L. Talbert
Chapter 22
QPM: enhancing protein nutrition in sub-Saharan Chapter 28
Africa Hybrid breeding in maize
Twumasi Afriyie F. J. Betrán
Chapter 23 Chapter 29
MSTAT: a software program for plant breeders Breeding rice
Russell Freed Anna Myers McClung
Chapter 24 Chapter 30
Public release and registration of “Prolina” soybean Sorghum breeding
Joe W. Burton William Rooney
and
Plant variety protection in Canada Chapter 31
B. Riché and D. J. Donnelly Estimating inheritance factors and developing cultivars
for tolerance to charcoal rot in soybean
Chapter 25 James R. Smith
Plant breeding research at ICRISAT
P. M. Gaur, K. B. Saxena, S. N. Nigam, B. V. S. Reddy, Chapter 32
K. N. Rai, C. L. L. Gowda, and H. D. Upadhyaya Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding and root-knot
nematode resistance
Chapter 26 Charles Simpson
An example of participatory plant breeding: barley at
ICARDA Chapter 33
S. Ceccarelli and S. Grando The breeding of potato
John E. Bradshaw
Chapter 27
Bringing genomics to the wheat fields Chapter 34
K. A. Garland-Campbell, J. Dubcovsky, J. A. Anderson, Cotton breeding
P. S. Baenziger, G. Brown-Guedira, X. Chen, E. Elias, Don L. Keim
POPA01 28/8/06 4:00 PM Page ix
Industry highlights box authors
Acquaah, G., Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gill, K. S., Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington
Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
Afriyie, T., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Gowda, C. L. L., International Crops Research Institute for
Center (CIMMYT), PO Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324,
Anderson, J. A., Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, AP, India
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St Paul, MN 55108, Grando, S., International Center for Agricultural Research in
USA the Dry Areas (ICARDA), PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria
Baenziger, P. S., Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Haley, S., Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
Bartley, L. E., USDA-APHIS Biotechnology Regulatory Hammer, G., School of Land and Food, University of
Services, Riverdale, MD 20737, USA Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
Betrán, F. J., Texas A&M University, College Station, TX Hammer, K., Institute of Crop Science, Agrobiodiversity
77843, USA Department, University Kassel, D-37213 Witzenhausen,
Borrell, A., Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Germany
Hermitage Research Station, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Harrington, J., Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Des Moines,
Australia IA 50307, USA
Bradshaw, J. E., Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Henzell, R., Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries,
Dundee DD2 5DA, UK Hermitage Research Station, Warwick, Queensland 4370,
Brown-Guedira, G., USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit, Australia
North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA Heuser, F., Institute of Crop Science, Agrobiodiversity Depart-
Burton, J. W., USDA Plant Science Building, 3127 Ligon ment, University Kassel, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
Street, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA Jaradat, A. A., USDA-ARS, Morris, 56267 MN, USA
Ceccarelli, S., International Center for Agricultural Research Jordan, D., Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries,
in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria Hermitage Research Station, Warwick, Queensland 4370,
Chalyk, S., 12 Goldfinch Court, Apt. 1007, Toronto M2R Australia
2C4, Canada Keim, D. L., Delta and Pine Land Company, One Cotton
Chen, X., USDA-ARS Wheat Genetics, Quality, Physiology, Row, PO Box 157, Scott, MS 38772, USA
and Disease Research Unit, Washington State University, Khoshbakht, K., Institute of Crop Science, Agrobiodiversity
Pullman WA 99164, USA Department, University Kassel, D-37213 Witzenhausen,
Deerfield, D. W. II, Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, Germany
Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Kianian, S. F., Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota
Donnelly, D. J., Plant Science Department, McGill University, State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada Kidwell, K. K., Department of Crop and Soil Sciences,
Dubcovsky, J., Department of Agronomy and Range Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA Kindiger, B., USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory,
Elias, E., Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State El Reno, OK 73036, USA
University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Klein, P., Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology,
Freed, R., Department of Crop and Soil Science, Michigan Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA Klein, R., USDA-ARS Southern Agricultural Research
Fritz, A., Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Station, College Station, TX 77843, USA
Manhattan, KS 66506, USA Lapitan, N., Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado
Garland-Campbell, K. A., USDA-ARS Wheat Genetics, Quality, State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
Physiology, and Disease Research Unit, Washington State Laurens, F., UMR Génétique et Horticulture (GenHort)
University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA (INRA/INH/UA), INRA Centre d’Angers, 49070
Gaur, P. M., International Crops Research Institute for the Beaucouzé, France
Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, AP, India Lee, D. A., EPA Office of Research and Development,
Gill, B. S., Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Department of 8623N, Washington, DC 20460, USA
Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS Matand, K., Department of Agriculture and Applied Sciences,
66506, USA Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA