Principles of physics

1322 Pages·2014·60.415 MB·English

by  David Halliday, Robert Resnick, Jearl Walker

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MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS*
Quadratic Formula Derivatives and Integrals
(cid:3)
Ifax2(cid:4)bx(cid:4)c(cid:3)0,thenx(cid:3) (cid:5)b(cid:6) 1b2(cid:5)4ac d sin x(cid:3)cos x sin x dx(cid:3)(cid:5)cos x
2a dx (cid:3)
d
Binomial Theorem cos x(cid:3)(cid:5)sin x cos x dx(cid:3)sin x
dx
(1(cid:4)x)n(cid:3)1(cid:4) nx (cid:4) n(n(cid:5)1)x2 (cid:4) ... (x2 (cid:9)1) (cid:3)
1! 2! d
ex(cid:3)ex ex dx(cid:3)ex
dx
(cid:3)
Products of Vectors dx
(cid:3)ln(x(cid:4) 2x2(cid:4)a2)
Letube the smaller of the two angles betweena:andb:. (cid:3) 2x2(cid:4)a2
Then x dx 1
(cid:3)(cid:5)
a:(cid:2)b:(cid:3) b:(cid:2)a:(cid:3) ab (cid:4) ab (cid:4) ab (cid:3) ab cosu (x2(cid:4)a2)3/2 (x2(cid:4)a2)1/2
x x y y z z (cid:3)
(cid:2) (cid:2) dx (cid:3) x
ˆi ˆj kˆ (x2(cid:4)a2)3/2 a2(x2(cid:4)a2)1/2
:a (cid:8):b (cid:3)(cid:5):b (cid:8) :a (cid:3) a a a
x y z
Cramer’s Rule
b b b
x y z
(cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) Two simultaneous equations in unknowns xand y,
a a a a a a
(cid:3)ˆi y z (cid:5)ˆj x z (cid:4)kˆ x y ax(cid:4)b y(cid:3)c and ax(cid:4)b y(cid:3)c,
b b b b b b 1 1 1 2 2 2
y z x z x y
have the solutions
(cid:3)(ab (cid:5)b a)iˆ (cid:4)(ab (cid:5)ba)ˆj (cid:4)(ab (cid:5)ba)kˆ
y z y z z x z x x y x y
(cid:2) (cid:2)
c b
1 1
|:a (cid:8):b|(cid:3)ab sin u x(cid:3) (cid:2)c2 b2(cid:2) (cid:3) c1b2(cid:5)c2b1
a b ab (cid:5)ab
1 1 1 2 2 1
a b
2 2
Trigonometric Identities
and
(cid:2) (cid:2)
sin a(cid:6)sin b(cid:3)2 sin 1(a(cid:6)b) cos 1(a(cid:7)b) a c
2 2 1 1
y(cid:3) (cid:2)a2 c2(cid:2) (cid:3) a1c2(cid:5)a2c1 .
cos a(cid:4)cos b(cid:3)2 cos 1(a(cid:4)b) cos 1(a(cid:5)b) a b ab (cid:5)ab
2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1
a b
2 2
*See Appendix E for a more complete list.
SI PREFIXES*
Factor Prefix Symbol Factor Prefix Symbol
1024 yotta Y 10–1 deci d
1021 zetta Z 10–2 centi c
1018 exa E 10–3 milli m
1015 peta P 10–6 micro m
1012 tera T 10–9 nano n
109 giga G 10–12 pico p
106 mega M 10–15 femto f
103 kilo k 10–18 atto a
102 hecto h 10–21 zepto z
101 deka da 10–24 yocto y
*In all cases,the first syllable is accented,as in ná-no-mé-ter.
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PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS
T E N T H E D I T I O N
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Halliday & Resnick
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS
T E N T H E D I T I O N
I n t e r n a t i o n a l S t u d e n t Ve r s i o n
J EAR L WALK E R
CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY
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B R I E F C O N T E N T S
1 Measurement 24 Electric Potential
2 Motion Along a Straight Line 25 Capacitance
3 Vectors 26 Current and Resistance
4 Motion in Two and Three Dimensions 27 Circuits
5 Force and Motion—I 28 Magnetic Fields
6 Force and Motion—II 29 Magnetic Fields Due to Currents
7 Kinetic Energy and Work 30 Induction and Inductance
8 Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy 31 Electromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating
Current
9 Center of Mass and Linear Momentum
32 Maxwell’s Equations; Magnetism of Matter
10 Rotation
33 Electromagnetic Waves
11 Rolling, Torque, and Angular Momentum
34 Images
12 Equilibrium and Elasticity
35 Interference
13 Gravitation
36 Diffraction
14 Fluids
37 Relativity
15 Oscillations
38 Photons and Matter Waves
16 Waves—I
39 More About Matter Waves
17 Waves—II
40 All About Atoms
18 Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of
Thermodynamics 41 Conduction of Electricity in Solids
19 The Kinetic Theory of Gases 42 Nuclear Physics
20 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics 43 Energy from the Nucleus
21 Coulomb’s Law 44 Quarks, Leptons, and the Big Bang
22 Electric Fields
Appendices/Answers to Checkpoints and
23 Gauss’ Law Odd-Numbered Problems/Index
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C O N T E N T S
1Measurement 1 Adding Vectors by Components 40
1-1 MEASURING THINGS, INCLUDING LENGTHS 1 Vectors and the Laws of Physics 41
What Is Physics? 1 3-3 MULTIPLYING VECTORS 44
Measuring Things 1
Multiplying Vectors 44
The International System of Units 2
Changing Units 3 REVIEW & SUMMARY 49 PROBLEMS 50
Length 3
Significant Figures and Decimal Places 4 4 Motion in Two and Three Dimensions 53
1-2 TIME 5 4-1 POSITION AND DISPLACEMENT 53
Time 5 What Is Physics? 53
Position and Displacement 54
1-3 MASS
6
Mass 6 4-2 AVERAGE VELOCITY AND INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY 55
REVIEW & SUMMARY 8 PROBLEMS 8 Average Velocity and Instantaneous Velocity 56
2 Motion Along a Straight Line 11 4-3 AVERAGE ACCELERATION AND INSTANTANEOUS ACCELERATION 58
2-1 POSITION, DISPLACEMENT, AND AVERAGE VELOCITY 11 Average Acceleration and Instantaneous Acceleration 59
What Is Physics? 11 4-4 PROJECTILE MOTION 61
Motion 12 Projectile Motion 61
Position and Displacement 12
Average Velocity and Average Speed 13 4-5 UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION 67
Uniform Circular Motion 67
2-2 INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY AND SPEED 16
Instantaneous Velocity and Speed 16 4-6 RELATIVE MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION 69
Relative Motion in One Dimension 69
2-3 ACCELERATION 18
Acceleration 18 4-7 RELATIVE MOTION IN TWO DIMENSIONS 71
Relative Motion in Two Dimensions 71
2-4 CONSTANT ACCELERATION 21
REVIEW & SUMMARY 72 PROBLEMS 73
Constant Acceleration: A Special Case 21
Another Look at Constant Acceleration 24
5 Force and Motion—I 80
2-5 FREE-FALL ACCELERATION 25
Free-Fall Acceleration 25 5-1 NEWTON’S FIRST AND SECOND LAWS 80
What Is Physics? 80
2-6 GRAPHICAL INTEGRATION IN MOTION ANALYSIS 27 Newtonian Mechanics 81
Graphical Integration in Motion Analysis 27 Newton’s First Law 81
REVIEW & SUMMARY 28 PROBLEMS 29 Force 82
Mass 83
3 Vectors 34 Newton’s Second Law 84
3-1 VECTORS AND THEIR COMPONENTS 34
5-2 SOME PARTICULAR FORCES 88
What Is Physics? 34
Vectors and Scalars 34 Some Particular Forces 88
Adding Vectors Geometrically 35 5-3 APPLYING NEWTON’S LAWS 92
Components of Vectors 36 Newton’s Third Law 92
3-2 UNIT VECTORS, ADDING VECTORS BY COMPONENTS 40 Applying Newton’s Laws 94
Unit Vectors 40 REVIEW & SUMMARY 100 PROBLEMS 100
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