Table Of ContentselpicfnoirP
Naval Weapons Systems
N,Sl Ulhap He dsRyeoDbtJCidE
Introduction
stn .ef,smo y n u drroe ryhe uaphetltlntwatrspelIne e nmiaewewyiitcchlsntreawet
ehT ,nonnac eht ,elfir ro eht tenoyab erew lla deredisno cetarapes seceip fo yrnopaewot
eb desu ni .tabmoc yB eht dnoceS dlroW ,raW ygolonhcet nageb ot eb detargetniotni
.tabmoc ehT noitnevni fo radar dna ranos dednetxe eht dleif fo tabmoc ot retaergdna
retaerg ,segnar dna ti saw on regnol yrassecen ot thgis stegrat .yltcerid sAygolonhcet
,dessergorp eht yrev erutan fo snopaew osla .degnahc ,woN ti si on regnol tneiciffusot
ssucsid laudividni seceip fo ,yrnopaew yeht tsum eb nekat ni eht txetnoc fo ehteritne
m estnsoypsaew , hcihw si eehttelp mto ecgsn iste acfleo e i trnpraroeheihttttnceinguooftt
.te gg rnaaityort slf ea oedoehgvteihca
ehT etel pnmooictpircsed fo a snopaew metsys tsum edulcni lla fo eht snaemfo
gnign anhocixteamrof nnieew t,esbmetsys-b udsellac noitacinummoc ;smetsy sllasnaem
desu ot etacol eht ,tegrat dellac srosnes ; lla snaem desu ot ,erots hcnual dna reviledeht
nopaew ot eht ,tegrat dellac yreviled ;smetsys -dbnuas lla snaem desu ot tcilfneigamad
nd,oe tpleeulhgatrcat noitcurtsed .smetsys-b us
.noi tscm ne e nutl,hsI fsakTisy ooh s ssesgotwul-iwub oclboehsoiuihitwsrtdav
dnatsredn ueht selpicnirp fonoitarepo . s sm tnefnoto eps yrayneesafwmf itdId esticepxe
taht eht redaer l ltinwemelp psuish tlaireta mhtiw eno fo eht ynam enif skgonoibbircsed
.dlr oew h ftsoeiratil irmoj aem h yteb s nuyiltnerr uscnopa e fwloanes reaht
ceucsi vdeedtacil p w mdoaonhcatsre donTu st,iiskr omwets yssnop a sehaaw
w oohs l sasii h,tsy aewm o. nstIsr infoitcarts b faloev eelm omsrofr e opltufpl enhetfo
oytlpm i ssnioitcarts b ea. hdTengis eed rsamets yssnopaew dsntau p en ehitrtaa hkws“a
,tpecn osci hettartsu l .l osiTlev etlnereff iydn a tmdaeilp p eanb ancoitse us qi” h?Tstuptuo
.rot ar rone /aptdoen ga mer eoha.smrttmtofe uc tepsshnnyTios plaleaw rreeehvdtoisnoc
ehT tuptuo si eht evitcurtsed ecrof taht segamad eht.tegrat
tA eht txen level fo ,noitcartsba eht selor fo eht rojam snoitces-bus nac eb
.debircserp ehT rosnes noitces-bus sekat eht slangis morf eht tegrat dna stuptuoeht
noitacol dna noitcerid fo tnemevom fo eht tegrat ot eht yreviled .metsys ehTyreviled
st’umpet tussoiys ot tup enhotp ay etn wiiem siooxtlo c r.epthetg r,a ytnlelveaimngoisF
llams noitarapes morf eht nopaew ot eht ,tegrat eht evitcurtsed metsys stuptuo eht
evitcurtsed ecrof ot eht .tegrat fO ,esruoc tsom fo siht si .suoivbo ,revewoH nehwsiht
rell adometsil psspmiaetsys- bluasnoitc nruefll aom tsnn wisomdet sgynsika edfroobhtem
dna rellams ,strap ti snrut tuo ot eb a yrev lufesu yaw ot dnatsrednu wohdetacilpmoc
smetsy s.krow ecnO eht selor fo eht ssumoeitrsayvs- b eu,rsdaootsr endenhut ehtsliated
.. etnr xe e heknh nct a ooaa netti tcosob ut nricspaei ph irhfpTsetoatpio
i
Table of Contents
retpa1hC ________________________________ _____________________________ 11
eva Waf osretemara PehT ________________________________ ___________________ 11
sev agWnilevarT ________________________________ ___________________________ 16
niamo Demi T. s yvcneuqerF ________________________________ _________________ 17
retpa2hC ________________________________ _____________________________ 21
anemoneh PcisaB ________________________________ ___________________________ 21
noitcelfeR ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 23
noitcarfeR ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 24
Interference ________________________________ ________________________________ _____ 25
noitcarffiD ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 26
sannetnA ________________________________ ________________________________ _ 27
The Dipole Antenna ________________________________ ______________________________ 27
Polarization ________________________________ ________________________________ _____ 28
Antenna Beam-forming ________________________________ ___________________________ 30
ri An inoitagapor Pf osedoM ________________________________ _________________ 32
The Electromagnetic Spectrum ________________________________ _____________________ 32
s edvnauWorG ________________________________ ________________________________ __ 32
seva WykS ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 33
eniL fothgiS ________________________________ ________________________________ ____ 36
retpa3hC ________________________________ _____________________________ 39
stnenopmo CcisaB ________________________________ __________________________ 39
Transmitter ________________________________ ________________________________ _____ 40
The Transmission Channel ________________________________ _________________________ 40
revie ceehRT ________________________________ ________________________________ ____ 41
noitaludoM ________________________________ ________________________________ 41
esioN ________________________________ ________________________________ _____ 42
) eedstniiaohbNWd(aorB ________________________________ __________________________ 42
)ecnees rideonfNarbewtonrIr(aN ________________________________ ____________________ 42
retpa4hC ________________________________ _____________________________ 45
)MA (noitaludo MedutilpmA ________________________________ _________________ 46
metsy sM AnA ________________________________ _____________________________ 48
murtcep SM AehT ________________________________ __________________________ 49
Bandwidth ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 49
ycneiciffE ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 51
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)MF (noitaludo MycneuqerF ________________________________ _________________ 54
M Ff ohtdiwdnaB ________________________________ __________________________ 55
citat So tytinummI ________________________________ __________________________ 56
)MP (noitaludo MesahP ________________________________ _____________________ 56
)BS Sd(nab-ed ieSlgniS ________________________________ ______________________ 57
retpa5hC ________________________________ _____________________________ 61
noitatneserpe Ryrani BehT ________________________________ ___________________ 62
eyrhmreTeabtnmsiuyBns ________________________________ _________________________ 62
sd r dosnwea t,ysbtiB ________________________________ _____________________________ 64
stnenopmo CcisaB ________________________________ __________________________ 64
Central Processing Unit (CPU) ________________________________ ______________________ 65
suB ________________________________ ________________________________ ___________ 68
yromeM ________________________________ ________________________________ ________ 69
Input and Output (I/O) ________________________________ ____________________________ 71
retpa6hC ________________________________ _____________________________ 73
slangi Sgolan Ahti wata DlatigiD ________________________________ ______________ 74
gn)iKySe AKe(-dtuftiihlSpmA ________________________________ _____________________ 74
)K SgFn(iyeK-tf iyhcSneuqerF ________________________________ ______________________ 75
)gKnSiPy(eK- tefsiahhSP ________________________________ _________________________ 75
gni yeesKahP/ycneuq eyrrFa-M ________________________________ _____________________ 75
esaghnPi-yeedKutilpmA ________________________________ __________________________ 76
yticapaC ________________________________ ________________________________ _______ 76
muminiM tfihS gniyeK)KSM( ________________________________ _____________________ 77
slangi Slatigi Dhti wata DgolanA ________________________________ ______________ 77
Sampling ________________________________ ________________________________ _______ 78
Encoding ________________________________ ________________________________ _______ 78
latigi D-latigiD ________________________________ ____________________________ 79
ytimruasPkcehC ________________________________ ________________________________ _ 80
retpa7hC ________________________________ _____________________________ 81
gnixelpitluM ________________________________ _______________________________ 81
Frequency Domain Multiplexing ________________________________ ____________________ 81
Time Domain Multiplexing ________________________________ ________________________ 82
Spread Spectrum Multiplexing ________________________________ ______________________ 82
)NA Ls(krowt eaNe rlAacoL ________________________________ _________________ 83
ygolopoT ________________________________ ________________________________ _______ 83
slocotorP ________________________________ ________________________________ _______ 84
)sNA Ws(krowt eaNe reAdiW ________________________________ ________________ 84
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skrow ta eee NrddAieWxiF ________________________________ _________________________ 84
ralulslkerCowteN ________________________________ ________________________________ 85
skr oewttielNletaS ________________________________ ________________________________ 85
retpa8hC ________________________________ _____________________________ 87
noitarep Of oselpicnirP ________________________________ ______________________ 87
noitazinahceM ________________________________ _____________________________ 89
ecnamrofre pradaR ________________________________ _________________________ 95
Pulse Width ________________________________ ________________________________ _____ 95
)F RyPc(neuq enroFitite peesRluP ________________________________ ___________________ 97
ycne urqaedraFR ________________________________ ________________________________ _ 98
noitauq Eegna Rmumixa MlaciteroehT ________________________________ _________ 99
retpa9hC ________________________________ ____________________________ 101
noitarep Of oelpicnirP ________________________________ ______________________ 101
rada r)WCMF (eva Wsuounitno Cdetaludo MycneuqerF _________________________ 104
retpa0h1C ________________________________ ___________________________ 109
noitanimircsi Dyticole VlaidaR ________________________________ _______________ 109
Differentiation ________________________________ ________________________________ __ 109
Moving Target Indicator (MTI) ________________________________ ____________________ 110
es lruePlpproaDdaR ________________________________ _____________________________ 112
Limitations ________________________________ ________________________________ ____ 113
rada Rnoitulose RhgiH ________________________________ _____________________ 115
noisse repsmlouCP ________________________________ ______________________________ 115
citehtn yeSrutrepA radaR)RAS( ________________________________ ___________________ 116
es rceivtn eIehrtuntyrSe prAadaR)RASI( ________________________________ ____________ 118
rada Ryarr AdesahP ________________________________ _______________________ 119
retpa1h1C ________________________________ ___________________________ 123
mets ygSnikca roTvr erSadaR ________________________________ _______________ 123
gnikcar TegnaR ________________________________ ___________________________ 128
)SW Tn(acS-elihW-kcarT ________________________________ ___________________ 129
gnikcar TyarrA-desahP ________________________________ ____________________ 132
skrowte NgnikcarT ________________________________ ________________________ 133
retpa2h1C ________________________________ ___________________________ 135
murtcep Scitengamortcel EehT ________________________________ ______________ 135
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noitaid alRacitpO-ortce l fEsoecruoS ________________________________ _________ 137
Thermal Radiators ________________________________ ______________________________ 137
srota iedvaiRtceleS ________________________________ ______________________________ 141
retpa3h1C ________________________________ ___________________________ 145
gnidaerpS ________________________________ ________________________________ 146
e ctrnuiooSP ________________________________ ________________________________ ___ 146
naitrebmaLecruoS ________________________________ ______________________________ 147
gnirettacS/noitprosbA ________________________________ ______________________ 148
ecnedn en pofeioDtaun entotA htgnelevaW ________________________________ __________ 149
)sw’arLeu g nue oogniBnot(aa Ruen cefntoetdAnepeD ________________________________ _ 149
xul Fdetcello CehT ________________________________ ________________________ 151
Aperture ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 151
Bandwidth Factor, F ________________________________ _____________________________ 152
noitauq Eegna RmumixaM ________________________________ __________________ 154
retpa4h1C ________________________________ ___________________________ 157
)VOF (wei Vf odlei FehT ________________________________ ___________________ 157
suco Ff ohtpeD ________________________________ ____________________________ 160
srosn egSnira t.S sgvninnacS ________________________________ ________________ 161
noituloseR ________________________________ _______________________________ 163
laintoaiptSuloseR ________________________________ _______________________________ 163
Thermal Resolution ________________________________ _____________________________ 164
Spatial and Thermal Resolution, MRTD ________________________________ _____________ 164
smetsy S)TSRI (gnikcar Tdn ahcrae SderarfnI ________________________________ _ 166
Triangulation (passive) ________________________________ ___________________________ 166
resaL rednif-egnar evitca-evissap()noitanibmoc ________________________________ _______ 167
smets y gSnigam Idna BelbisiV ________________________________ ______________ 167
Magnification ________________________________ ________________________________ __ 167
Stadimeter Ranging ________________________________ _____________________________ 170
Light Amplification ________________________________ _____________________________ 171
Laser Target Illumination ________________________________ _________________________ 172
retpa5h1C ________________________________ ___________________________ 175
sev acWitsuocA ________________________________ ___________________________ 176
noitagapdoerePpS ________________________________ ______________________________ 177
)L PlSe( veerLuss edrnPuoS ________________________________ _______________________ 178
selre uvgdsennsLiuenoriSPbmoC ________________________________ __________________ 179
shta PnoitagaporP ________________________________ _________________________ 181
)P VeSl(if oyrtPico ldenV ueohST ________________________________ __________________ 181
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yaRgnicarT ________________________________ ________________________________ ____ 184
retpa6h1C ________________________________ ___________________________ 191
secruoS ________________________________ ________________________________ __ 191
ervaintocSA ________________________________ ________________________________ ___ 191
evriasnsoaSP ________________________________ ________________________________ __ 192
e stinoeNibmA ________________________________ ________________________________ _ 193
esioN-fleS ________________________________ ________________________________ _____ 196
ygre ncEitsuo c fAnooitceteD ________________________________ ________________ 197
gnimrof-maeB ________________________________ ________________________________ __ 197
Detection Criterion ________________________________ ______________________________ 198
alumro Fsso LnoissimsnarT ________________________________ _________________ 199
tcef feEgnaR ________________________________ ________________________________ ___ 199
Absorption/Scattering ________________________________ ____________________________ 202
sreeshstoOl ________________________________ ________________________________ ____ 203
tire Mf oerugiF ________________________________ ___________________________ 204
retpa7h1C ________________________________ ___________________________ 209
ran oeSvitcA ________________________________ _____________________________ 209
Transmitter ________________________________ ________________________________ ____ 209
Transducer Array ________________________________ _______________________________ 210
rosse cgonriPmrofmaeB ________________________________ __________________________ 210
rexelpuD ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 211
Synchronizer ________________________________ ________________________________ ___ 211
revieceR ________________________________ ________________________________ _______ 211
yalpsiD ________________________________ ________________________________ _______ 212
smets yrSan oeSvissaP ________________________________ _____________________ 213
ya rernAohpordyH ________________________________ ______________________________ 213
rosse cgonriPmrofmaeB ________________________________ __________________________ 214
ya ldpnsaibDdaorB ________________________________ ______________________________ 216
rezy lyacnnAeuqerF ________________________________ _____________________________ 216
y adlnpasbiwDorraN ________________________________ _____________________________ 217
)SDV (rano Shtpe DelbairaV ________________________________ ________________ 219
)SSA Ts(mets yrSan oySar rdAewoT ________________________________ _________ 219
syoubonoS ________________________________ _______________________________ 221
ran ocSitatsiB ________________________________ ____________________________ 222
noitcet ecDitsuocA-noN ________________________________ _____________________ 223
Visual ________________________________ ________________________________ ________ 223
Radar ________________________________ ________________________________ _________ 223
Infrared Detection ________________________________ _______________________________ 223
5
)nDoAiMt (cyel tacemiDotneAngaM ________________________________ _______________ 224
retpa8h1C ________________________________ ___________________________ 225
smets ypSo odLeso ldC nnaepO ________________________________ ______________ 225
noitcnu Frefsnar TehT ________________________________ _____________________ 227
esnops emRetsyS ________________________________ __________________________ 229
retpa9h1C ________________________________ ___________________________ 233
esah P)tsooB (laitinI ________________________________ _______________________ 234
esah Pesruoc-diM ________________________________ _________________________ 236
esah PlanimreT ________________________________ ___________________________ 236
retpa0h2C ________________________________ ___________________________ 241
metsy Sgninoitiso PlabolG ________________________________ __________________ 241
Principle of Operation ________________________________ ____________________________ 241
stnenop mmoeCtsyS ________________________________ _____________________________ 244
smetsy Snoitagiva NlaitrenI ________________________________ _________________ 246
Principle of Operation ________________________________ ____________________________ 246
retpa1h2C ________________________________ ___________________________ 251
scitsill arBoiretnI ________________________________ __________________________ 251
tsneaplylTeporP ________________________________ ________________________________ 252
gnilfiR ________________________________ ________________________________ ________ 255
scitsill arBoiretxE ________________________________ _________________________ 257
ytivarG ________________________________ ________________________________ _______ 257
sec rcoiFmanydoreA ________________________________ _____________________________ 257
ytili bcaitmSanydoreA ________________________________ ___________________________ 258
Drift ________________________________ ________________________________ __________ 260
e csriolFoiroC ________________________________ ________________________________ __ 260
srorr EgnimiA ________________________________ ____________________________ 261
retpa2h2C ________________________________ ___________________________ 263
snoitca eeRvisolpxE ________________________________ ________________________ 263
sevisolp x fEhotgnertS ________________________________ ______________________ 266
sevisolp x fEsoeirogetaC ________________________________ ____________________ 268
noitcae Revisolpx Eeh tf onoitaitinI ________________________________ ___________ 268
retpa3h2C ________________________________ ___________________________ 271
noitcurtsno CdaehraW ________________________________ _____________________ 271
6
stcef ftEsalB ________________________________ ______________________________ 272
stceff Etsal BgnitciderP ________________________________ _____________________ 274
sdaehra WnoitatnemgarF ________________________________ ___________________ 276
e ghynttai iRwnc oonilitecVudeR ________________________________ __________________ 278
retpa4h2C ________________________________ ___________________________ 281
ytilibaile RdaehraW ________________________________ _______________________ 281
P (lli Kf oytilibaborP ) ________________________________ _____________________ 284
k
elbabor Prorr EralucriC ________________________________ ____________________ 285
egama Df osleveL ________________________________ _________________________ 285
sdaehra Wtceff Etsal Bro fairetir CegamaD ________________________________ ____ 286
sdaehra Wnoitatnemgar Fro fairetir CegamaD ________________________________ _ 289
Personnel ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 289
Aircraft ________________________________ ________________________________ _______ 290
deromrsAelciheV ________________________________ _______________________________ 290
elbaborP rebmuN fo stnemgarF gnittiH ehttegraT ________________________________ _____ 290
retpa5h2C ________________________________ ___________________________ 293
sdaehr a gWnicreiP-romrA ________________________________ _________________ 293
)sPrFoEt(ar td eeynmlerePovFisolpxE ________________________________ _______________ 293
Kinetic Energy Penetrators ________________________________ ________________________ 295
)EA Fe(visolp xrEiA-leuF ________________________________ ___________________ 296
sdaehra WyraidnecnI ________________________________ ______________________ 296
retpa6h2C ________________________________ ___________________________ 297
snoisolp xrEetawrednU ________________________________ _____________________ 297
seodeproT ________________________________ _______________________________ 299
seni MaeS ________________________________ ________________________________ 301
gnirael CeniM ________________________________ ____________________________ 304
retpa7h2C ________________________________ ___________________________ 307
noitarep Of oselpicnirP ________________________________ _____________________ 307
snoit cn ao neidoRsni uasnFseie FwetcenBere fefhiTD ________________________________ __ 308
daehra Wnoissi Faf onoitazinahceM ________________________________ __________ 310
The simplest warhead design: gun-type ________________________________ _____________ 311
stne mdnfneaoogveiiohssrrsepaidmwfI ________________________________ _____________ 312
daehra Wnoisu Faf onoitazinahceM ________________________________ __________ 313
7
yte fsanSop areaWelcuN ________________________________ __________________________ 314
retpa8h2C ________________________________ ___________________________ 317
ev atWsa leBhT ________________________________ ___________________________ 317
eslu PlamrehT ________________________________ ____________________________ 320
noitaida RraelcuN ________________________________ _________________________ 321
stcef frEehtO ________________________________ _____________________________ 322
epy Ttsru By bstceff Enoisolpx Eraelcu Nn inoitairaV ___________________________ 322
Air Burst ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 322
High Altitude Burst ________________________________ ______________________________ 322
tescraufBruS ________________________________ ________________________________ ___ 322
Underground Burst ________________________________ ______________________________ 323
retawrednUtsruB ________________________________ _______________________________ 323
serusa e eMvisnef e kDcat t rAaelcuN ________________________________ _________ 323
stne vfeEocneuqeS ________________________________ ______________________________ 323
sno i ytftcoiAro i:rsPerus aeevMisnefeD ________________________________ _____________ 323
retpa9h2C ________________________________ ___________________________ 325
noitaida Rf osepyT ________________________________ ________________________ 326
Gamma ________________________________ ________________________________ _______ 326
Neutron ________________________________ ________________________________ _______ 326
ateB ________________________________ ________________________________ __________ 327
Alpha ________________________________ ________________________________ _________ 327
noitaida RgnirusaeM ________________________________ _______________________ 328
e rsu tsfiaoneUm ________________________________ ________________________________ 329
stc ecf iftEamoS ________________________________ ________________________________ 330
lacini l,Ce-sbouDS 0 ot 001mer ________________________________ ____________________ 331
citueparehT ,esoD 001 ot 0001mer ________________________________ _________________ 331
evitaillaP ,esoD > 0001mer ________________________________ _______________________ 332
noitaida Rgnizino Io terusopx Emor fgnitluse rstceff Ehtlae HelbaborP _____________ 332
sdradnat SnoitcetorP ________________________________ _______________________ 333
retpa0h3C ________________________________ ___________________________ 341
noiretir CegamaD ________________________________ _________________________ 341
noitcarffginDidaoL ________________________________ _____________________________ 341
Drag Loading ________________________________ ________________________________ __ 342
Fires/Burns ________________________________ ________________________________ ____ 342
Radiation ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 343
stceff Etsal Braelcu NgnitciderP ________________________________ ______________ 343
8
