Principles of Health Care Ethics

865 Pages·2007·9.69 MB·English

by  Richard Edmund Ashcroft

PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH
CARE ETHICS
Second Edition
Edited by
Richard E. Ashcroft
Queen Mary, University of London, Barts and the London Medical School,
Institute of Health Sciences Education, London, UK
Angus Dawson
Centre for Professional Ethics, School of Law, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
Heather Draper
Centre for Biomedical Ethics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
John R. McMillan
Philosophy Department, The University of Hull, Hull, UK

PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH CARE ETHICS
Second Edition

PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH
CARE ETHICS
Second Edition
Edited by
Richard E. Ashcroft
Queen Mary, University of London, Barts and the London Medical School,
Institute of Health Sciences Education, London, UK
Angus Dawson
Centre for Professional Ethics, School of Law, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
Heather Draper
Centre for Biomedical Ethics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
John R. McMillan
Philosophy Department, The University of Hull, Hull, UK
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Principles of health care ethics. – 2nd ed. / edited by Richard E.
Ashcroft... [et al.].
p.; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-470-02713-4
1. Medical ethics. I. Ashcroft, Richard E.
[DNLM: 1. Ethics, Clinical. 2. Bioethical Issues. 3. Biomedical
Technology–ethics. 4. Delivery of Health Care–ethics.
5. Professional-Patient Relations–ethics. 6. Social Medicine. WB 60 P957 2007]
R724.P69 2007
174.2–dc22 2006038748
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-0-470-02713-4
Typeset in 9/11pt Times by Thomson Digital
Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire
This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestry
in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production.
Contents
List of Contributors xi
Foreword: Raanan E. Gillon xix
Foreword: Tony Hope xxi
Preface xxiii
PART I: METHODOLOGY AND PERSPECTIVES Introduction by John R. McMillan 1
1 The ‘Four Principles’ Approach to Health Care Ethics 3
Tom L. Beauchamp
2 Theories of Autonomy 11
Natalie Stoljar
3 Benefi cence 19
Garrett Cullity
4 Responsibilities for Poverty-Related Ill Health 27
Thomas Pogge
5 Liberalism and Communitarianism 35
Colin Tyler
6 How Many Principles for Bioethics? 43
Robert M. Veatch
7 Casuistical Reasoning in Medical Ethics 51
Albert R. Jonsen
8 Utilitarianism and Bioethics 57
Matti Häyry
9 Deontology 65
David A. McNaughton and J. Piers Rawling
10 Kantian Ethics 73
Onora O’Neill
11 Feminist Approaches to Health Care Ethics 79
Susan Sherwin
12 Virtue Theory 87
Justin Oakley
13 Moral Relativism 93
Mark Sheehan
14 Christian Approaches to Bioethics 99
Heather Widdows
15 Judaism and Medicine: Jewish Medical Ethics 109
Fred Rosner
vi CONTENTS
16 The Search for Islamic Bioethics Principles 117
Abdulaziz Sachedina
17 Buddhist Bioethics 127
James Hughes
18 South Asian Approaches to Health Care Ethics 135
Harold Coward
19 The Specious Idea of an Asian Bioethics: Beyond Dichotomizing East and West 143
Jing-Bao Nie
20 Narrative Ethics 151
Howard Brody
21 Empirical Approaches to Health Care Ethics 159
Jeremy Sugarman, Robert A. Pearlman, Holly A. Taylor
22 Medical Sociology and the Redundancy of Empirical Ethics 167
Adam Hedgecoe
23 The Use of Thought Experiments in Health Care Ethics 177
Adrian Walsh
24 Deliberative Bioethics 185
Michael Parker
25 Law, Ethics and Health Care 193
Sheila A.M. McLean
26 Medical Humanities: An Overview 199
Martyn Evans
27 Refl ective Equilibrium as a Method in Health Care Ethics 207
Theo van Willigenburg
28 Hermeneutic Ethics between Practice and Theory 215
Guy A.M. Widdershoven, Tineke A. Abma
29 Paternalism in Health Care and Health Policy 223
James F. Childress
30 Need: An Instrumental View 231
Anthony J. Culyer
31 Rights 239
James G.S. Wilson
32 Exploitation in Health Care 247
Alan Wertheimer
33 Competence to Consent 255
Monique F. Jonas
34 The Doctrine of Double Effect 263
Suzanne Uniacke
35 Ordinary and Extraordinary Means 269
Stephen D. John
36 Acts and Omissions 273
Tuija Takala
37 Personhood and Moral Status 277
Ainsley J. Newson
38 Commodifi cation 285
Stephen Wilkinson
PART II: ISSUES IN HEALTH CARE PRACTICE Introduction by Heather Draper 293
39 Consent and Informed Consent 297
Neil C. Manson
CONTENTS vii
40 Treatment Decisions for Incapacitated Patients 305
Rebecca S. Dresser
41 Children’s Consent to Medical Treatment 311
David W. Archard
42 Patients and Disclosure of Surgical Risk 319
Justin Oakley
43 Confi dentiality 325
Rebecca Bennett
44 Truth Telling, Lying and the Doctor–Patient Relationship 333
Roger Higgs
45 Personal Beliefs and Patient Care 339
Jennifer Jackson
46 Conscience and Health Care Ethics 345
Piers Benn
47 Care in Families 351
Hilde Lindemann
48 The Ethics of Primary Health Care 357
Annettee J. Braunack-Mayer
49 The Nurse–Patient Relationship: A ‘Principles plus Care’ Account 365
Steven D. Edwards
50 Dual Responsibilities: Do They Raise Any Different Ethical Issues from ‘Normal’ Therapeutic Relationships? 371
Ann Sommerville and Veronica English
51 Violent and Abusive Patients: An Ethically Informed Response 379
G.M. Behr, J.S. Emmanuel, J.P. Ruddock
52 The Moral Signifi cance of the Human Foetus 387
Norman Ford
53 Will We Need Abortion in Utopia? 393
Adrienne Asch
54 Maternal–Foetal Confl ict 401
Rosamund Scott
55 Limits to Reproductive Liberty 409
Thomas H. Murray
56 Disability without Denial 415
Tom Sorell
57 Disability and Equity: Should Difference Be Welcomed? 421
Tom Shakespeare
58 Genetic Counselling 427
Angus Clarke
59 Ethics and Psychotherapy: An Issue of Trust 435
Tim Bond
60 Mental Illness and Compulsory Treatment 443
John R. McMillan
61 Personality Disorders and Compulsory Detention 449
Matt Matravers
62 Labia mea, Domine: Media, Morality and Eating Disorders 455
Simona Giordano
63 Intellectual Disability 463
Pekka Louhiala
64 Ethical Issues and Health Care for Older People 469
Julian C. Hughes
65 Organs and Tissues for Transplantation and Research 475
David P.T. Price