Table Of ContentDisaster / Emergency Management F
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“Many of the Ground Zero workers have their health still intact because of Mike’s courage
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and efforts. The Fire Department was well served by his knowledge and expertise.”
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—Charles R. Blaich (Ret.), Deputy Chief FDNY, Logistics Chief, WTC ICP
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“ … an excellent resource document for all emergency management personnel.”
—Edward J. Krueger, Director, Criminal Justice Center for Innovation,
Fox Valley Technical College
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“Mike Fagel has a rare combination of both superb academic and hands-on, first
responder credentials.” m
—Colonel Randall J. Larsen, USAF (Ret.), Director, Institute for Homeland Security
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Principles of Emergency Management: Hazard Specific Issues and Mitigation offers
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preparedness and mitigation recommendations for advanced emergency planning.
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Because disasters are so unpredictable, advance planning is needed to effectively respond
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to and mitigate against the potential effects of such events. e
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Whether a disaster is natural or man-made, accidental or deliberate, the best way to protect n
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the public is by implementing an integrated emergency management system incorporating
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all potential stakeholders through all phases of the event. As such, the book suggests best
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practices for drills, exercises, and pre-event team building and communication.
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More than a dozen contributors offer their professional expertise on a wide variety M p
of topics, including:
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• Emergency operations center management a e
• Continuity planning of vital services in the aftermath of a disaster n s
• The role of the public health official
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• Developing public–private partnerships
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• Specific types of disasters, including terrorism, agroterrorism, g
pandemics, and active shooter incidents f
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• Mass care, sheltering, and human services
• The special needs of children in disasters m
• Traditional and social media and their impact
on emergency management Michael J. Fagel e
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The book is a valuable planning resource for those tasked with managing operations to
prepare for, mitigate, and respond to disasters. t
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ISBN: 978-1-4398-7120-1
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Advance Praise for
Principles of Emergency Management
A true professional, Mike Fagel arrived at FDNY WTC Incident Command Post on Duane Street, a short
distance from Ground Zero, as chaos was still not contained. He organized, directed, and cajoled until
order again appeared in our health and safety efforts for the thousands of personnel struggling at rescuing
and recovering the victims of 9/11. Many of the Ground Zero workers have their health still intact because
of Mike’s courage and efforts. The Fire Department was well served by his knowledge and expertise.
—Charles R. Blaich (Ret.), Deputy Chief FDNY, Logistics Chief,
WTC ICP
Dr. Michael Fagel has assembled a group of experts in a variety of areas of emergency management and
has edited a highly usable book that belongs on the desks of EM professionals. Most emergency operations
plans have appendices relating to specific critical events. The organization of Fagel’s book around hazard-
specific issues makes it easy to find useful guidance when planning for a wide range of critical incidents
from agroterrorism to pandemics to active shooters to large-scale public events. The coverage is very up to
date, as evidenced by references into 2011 and coverage of such modern topics as the impact of social media
on emergency management. Having taught with Dr. Fagel, I see in this book the effective classroom style
that I associate with his work, but translated into a very practical and useful manual. All in all, it’s a book
that’s easy to recommend.
—Frank K. Cartledge, Alumni Professor of Chemistry Emeritus,
Louisiana State University
I have worked beside Dr. Mike Fagel for more than three years. He is a professional in every sense, a com-
mitted emergency responder/manager, an agribusiness expert, an educator, and a good friend. The diversity
of thinking, working, and experience Dr. Fagel offers on the subject matter of agroterrorism can only be
matched by a very select group of experts. Dr. Fagel has meticulously detailed all the important aspects
associated with preventing, responding, and recovering from an attack on agribusiness and the food supply.
Mike introduces the subject by showing the immense scope and size of the number-one industry in the
United States, agriculture and the allied industries of food production. He outlines the complexity of the
farm-to-table continuum, making a special effort to point out where security should be improved. He goes
on to point out the recognition of agriculture as critical infrastructure formally recognized by the federal
government. Several presidential directives and the Department of Homeland Security place an updated
emphasis on the importance of agricultural infrastructure. And finally, Dr. Fagel effectively emphasizes the
devastating psychological and economic consequences of an agroterrorism event.
—Stan W. Casteel, DVM, PhD, Professor of Veterinary Pathobiology,
Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory
University of Missouri
College of Veterinary Medicine
Effective emergency and crisis management requires vigilance across a panoply of evolving threats, hazards,
technologies, and operational capabilities. No matter how experienced one is as an emergency responder
or emergency manager, there are new lessons to be learned every day. This book complements earlier treat-
ments of EOC design and operations by Dr. Fagel and offers the practitioner new confidence-building
measures for confronting a range of public health, agroterrorism, and active shooter incidents that can
impact a community and shake the confidence of the populace to return to normalcy. His focus on best use
of social media and other communications modalities is timely and important in shaping contemporary
planning and community resilience. Maintaining the trust and confidence of the general population from
incident onset through long-term recovery is an essential element of effective emergency management, and
this book is a tool kit for best practices in citizen-centric preparedness.
—Robert J. Coullahan, CEM, CPP, CBCP
President, Readiness Resource Group
In this book, Mike Fagel provides emergency management guidance based upon his three decades of expe-
rience as an emergency responder and emergency manager, including operations on numerous natural and
technological disaster sites, including the 9/11 World Trade Center incident site. These are critical lessons
in emergency management from one who has responded to several of the most devastating incidents in
recent U.S. history, who provided his expertise at those scenes and prevented further disaster through well-
planned operations and safe practices, and who still provides his expertise in developing the emergency
management procedures and protocols to be used by the next generation of emergency managers.
—J. Howard Murphy, CEM, Senior Homeland Security Analyst
Whether new to the field of emergency management or a person of experience, this is a “must have” resource
for individuals with crisis and emergency management responsibilities. Dr. Fagel easily translates his edu-
cation and practical experience, as well as that of other chapter authors, into a well-written document of
substance which emphasizes a pragmatic approach to emergency management and emergency operations
center management. The reader will find many concepts, ideas, and “best practice” suggestions which can
easily be incorporated within many organizations. As a result of his work, Dr. Fagel has contributed an
excellent resource document for all emergency management personnel.
—Edward J. Krueger, Director
Criminal Justice Center for Innovation, Fox Valley Technical College
Mike Fagel demonstrates in this new textbook his on-the-job expertise as an emergency manager. As some-
one who has known Mike for many years, I highly recommend his approach and his concepts. He continues
to pursue the professional development of the field of Emergency Management and this is demonstrated
in his most recent work. Dr. Fagel is committed to using his real-world “on the job” approach to making
the rest of us safer.
—Edward Plaugher, Fire Chief (Ret.), Arlington County Fire Department
Arlington, Virginia
...a must read for emergency managers, planners, first-line responders, plus faculty and students involved
in the study of emergency response, homeland security, and public health. Mike Fagel has a rare combina-
tion of both superb academic and hands-on, first-responder credentials.
—Colonel Randall J. Larsen, USAF (Ret.), Director, Institute for Homeland Security
As depicted by the authors of this text, we live in a complex world that is rife with risks and hazards. As
such, it is imperative that officials at all three levels of government understand the risks, threats, vulnerabili-
ties, and consequences that face their communities and to take the necessary actions to mitigate against,
prepare for, respond to, and recover from those hazards and risks. This book provides helpful information
to emergency management and homeland security professionals with taking those actions and achieving
those goals.
—Edward G. Buikema, Director of Preparedness and Response for Armada Ltd.
Former Regional Director, FEMA Region V
Published information relating to emergency management and emergency operations centers is extensive
but scattered among a plethora of sources. Dr. Michael Fagel has brought the salient elements together in
one comprehensive treatise. Further, the relevant information is presented in a direct, easy to read format
that any individual associated with this evolving field can assimilate. This updated and expanded text
should be a principal resource to all emergency management personnel.
—Edward H. Stephenson, National Center for Biomedical Research
and Training, Louisiana State University
Principles of
Emergency
Management
Hazard Specific Issues and
Mitigation Strategies
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
Principles of
Emergency
Management
Hazard Specific Issues and
Mitigation Strategies
Michael J. Fagel,
PhD, CEM
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2012 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20110830
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-7121-8 (eBook - PDF)
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September 11, 2001. It’s been 10 years. Much has changed in the landscape
of emergency planning, and a new word has emerged, “Homeland Security,”
but has it really been that much different? I’d like to take this time to dedicate
and rededicate this textbook to my trusted colleagues and friends that I worked
alongside with in the aftermath of September 11th and the Oklahoma City
bombing in 1995. Those events changed a nation, a world, myself, and my
family. The toll those horrific events have taken on the victims, the families,
the responders, and the communities is incalculable. I’ve spent the better part
of the last two decades training, teaching, and helping others to prepare for the
inevitable. For those that came before me, for those that are with me now, and
for those that will come after, I offer this text as a humble tool as you progress.
My family has been my biggest supporter and has suffered greatly
from my absences at family gatherings, school plays, and milestones
in their lives. To my wife, Patricia, all I can say is, “Thank you all
for your unwavering support and dedication to the cause.”
Take care of yourself, your family, and the public whom we serve.
Thank you.
Mike
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
Contents
Foreword ........................................................................................................xi
Preface .........................................................................................................xvii
Acknowledgments ........................................................................................xix
Editor ...........................................................................................................xxi
Contributors ..............................................................................................xxiii
1 Introduction: Why Plan for Disasters? ...................................................1
MIChAEl J. FAgEl AnD St EPhEn J. Kr Il l Jr.
2 EOC Management and Operations ......................................................25
luCIEn g. CAntOn AnD nIChOl AS StAIKOS
3 Continuity of Operations Planning .....................................................43
ChAD BOWEr S
4 Strategizing Emergency Management Programs .................................67
S. ShAnE StOvAl l
5 The hazards among us .........................................................................87
S. ShAnE StOvAl l
6 The r ole of the Public health Official ...............................................131
MIChAEl J. FAgEl
7 Developing Public–Private Partnerships in the twenty-First
Century ..............................................................................................149
S. ShAnE StOvAl l
8 Assessing vulnerabilities ....................................................................165
JAMES PEEr EnBOOM AnD rOn FIShEr
9 The Common-Sense guide for the CEO ............................................197
MIChAEl J. FAgEl
ix
