Principles of Cancer Biotherapy

743 Pages·2009·6.33 MB·English

by  Robert K. Oldham

Principles of Cancer Biotherapy
5th Edition
Principles of Cancer
Biotherapy
5th Edition
Edited by
Robert K. Oldham
Hematology-Oncology Associates of Southeast Missouri Hospital
Southeast Medical Plaza
Cape Girardeau, MO
USA
Robert O. Dillman
Hoag Cancer Center
Newport Beach, CA
USA
University of California
Irvine, CA
USA
Robert K. Oldham Robert O. Dillman
Hematology-Oncology Associates Hoag Cancer Center
of Southeast Missouri Hospital Newport Beach, CA
Southeast Medical Plaza USA
Cape Girardeau, MO University of California
USA Irvine, CA
USA
ISBN 978-90-481-2277-6 e-ISBN 978-90-481-2289-9
DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-229-9
Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York
Library of Congress Control Number: 2009929387
First edition published 1987 by Raven Press
Second edition published 1993 by Williams & Wilkins
Third and Fourth edition published 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers
© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009
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Preface
The idea for the fi rst edition of Principles of Cancer those mediated by their active sites. There is increasing
Biotherapy was formulated in the early 1980s. As the evidence that drug development will focus on the inter-
founding director of the Biological Response Modifi ers action between the smaller active regions of these large
Program for the National Cancer Institute from 1980- biological molecules and their receptors. This opens up
1984, one of us (rko) envisioned a textbook that would a broad fi eld of molecular design for extending and
embody the principles of the then fl edgling fourth modal- improving the therapeutic activities of natural biological
ity of cancer treatment - biotherapy. Contributing authors molecules. This has recently been extended to small
were solicited in 1985, and the fi rst edition came off the molecules interacting with DNA/RNA (anti-sense), with
presses in 1987. Principles represented the fi rst compre- enzymes such as tyrosine kinase and with growth and
hensive textbook on the use of cancer biotherapy and vascular factor receptors. The last decade has been
summarized the work done in this fi eld through 1986. extraordinarily productive in the development of new
The second edition of Principles was published in anticancer drugs through chemical and biological manip-
1991 about the time biotherapy was more broadly recog- ulation of these natural molecules. Thus, the body itself
nized as the fourth major cancer treatment modality. has become the “medicine cabinet” of the future.
Subsequent textbooks by DeVita, Hellman and Rosenberg In the 1990s and beyond into this millennium, medi-
[1] in 1991, Mitchell [2] in 1993 and Rosenberg [3] in cine will face extraordinary demands. While technol-
2000 validated the importance of this modality in ogy brings us tremendous opportunity, it also highlights
cancer care. problems in our medical care system. Most new tech-
This third edition was published in 1998 and con- nology is expensive and, as it comes from the laboratory
fi rmed the tremendous progress that had been made in to the clinic, is by its very nature untried and unproven.
the previous fi ve years using biologicals in cancer treat- Our medical care system involves a private and govern-
ment. It was generally agreed that biopharmaceuticals ment insurance reimbursement system that favors pay-
were producing major opportunities for new cancer ing for marginally effective medical care of the past
therapies. Cancer biotherapy was emerging as a more rather than innovative medical treatments of the future.
specifi c and targeted form of systemic cancer treatment. Such a system is inhibitory to the development of effec-
Cancer growth control was also becoming an effective tive new anti-cancer medicines.
method of treatment complementing cancer destruction To more rapidly and effi ciently exploit the opportuni-
as mechanisms of cancer treatment and “cure”. ties in cancer biotherapy in the future, patients, employ-
The fourth edition of Principles was published in ers, insurers, universities, and government must come
2003. It was apparent that biotherapy and the use of bio- together and redefi ne the system of reimbursement to
pharmaceuticals had not only become recognized as the maximize the patient’s opportunity for access to new
fourth modality of cancer treatment, it was clear that and potentially effective cancer therapies. To simply
biopharmaceuticals had become the dominant form of reimburse for old ineffective or marginally effective
new cancer therapeutics which in the future will replace treatment is not the answer. Provisions must be made to
less selective, more toxic forms of therapy. fund clinical research and afford these new approaches
For years, the chemical manipulation of small mole- broader use at the bedside. We must develop methods to
cules has been pursued in drug development. We now allow our patients access to the opportunities of the
have all the tools for the biological manipulation of natu- future, while maintaining solid support for effective
ral substances for therapeutic use. In fact, as we better therapies of the past. No longer is it acceptable to pay
understand the interaction between biological molecules only for medical care that utilizes old technology, such
and their receptors, it is clear that biological manipula- as chemotherapy, that is approved but only marginally
tion and chemical manipulation are coming together to effective. Across the broad spectrum of human malig-
bring molecular medicine to the bedside. Many biologi- nancies, most chemotherapeutic drugs are toxic and of
cal molecules are large and have functions other than limited medical value. We must support clinical research
v
vi Preface
in its efforts to bring newer methods of cancer treatment These chapters illustrate some of these new methods of
to the clinic, methods that are less toxic and more thinking and illustrate new strategies for the treatment
effective. and control of cancer. It is always diffi cult to move from
We believe cancer biotherapy will ultimately replace past dogmas to future opportunities, but this fi fth edi-
much of what we utilize today in cancer treatment. In tion of Principles of Cancer Biotherapy illustrates why it
light of this view, we want to thank all the authors for is so important for researchers, regulators and clinicians
their dedication to purpose in writing this fi fth edition of to explore and apply these new opportunities in cancer
Principles. This book summarizes an evolving science biotherapy to the benefi t of our patients.
and a rapidly changing medical practice. As we progress
into the millennium, it now becomes possible to envision Robert K. Oldham, M.D. Robert O. Dillman MD
a much more diversifi ed system of cancer research and
treatment that will afford greater opportunities for our
patients. As indicated in some of the chapters in Principles, References
there is increasing evidence that our historical “kill and
cure” outlook in cancer treatment is in need of modifi ca- 1. DeVita VT Jr, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA. Biologic Therapy of
Cancer. J.B. Lippincott, 1991.
tion. Some forms of cancer biotherapy use the strategy
2. Mitchell MS. Biological Approaches to Cancer Treatment.
of tumor growth stabilization and control through con-
McGraw-Hill, 1993.
tinued biological therapy over a longer period of time, 3. Rosenberg SA. Principles and Practices of the Biologic Therapy of
akin to the use of insulin in the treatment of diabetes. Cancer. J.B. Lippincott, 2000.
Contents
Preface v
Robert K. Oldham
Contributors ix
1. Cancer biotherapy: general principles 1
Robert K. Oldham
2. The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: relevance to therapy 17
Sun-Jin Kim, Cheryl Hunt Baker, Yasuhiko Kitadai, Toru Nakamura,
Toshio Kuwai, Takamitsu Sasaki, Robert Langley, and Isaiah J. Fidler
3. Developmental therapeutics and the design of clinical trials 41
Robert K. Oldham
4. Recombinant proteins and genomics in cancer therapy 53
Kapil Mehta, Bulent Ozpolat, Kishorchandra Gohil, and Bharat B. Aggarwal
5. Current concepts in immunology 85
Robert K. Oldham
6. Therapeutic approaches to cancer-associated immune suppression 101
Robert K. Oldham
7. Cancer vaccines 147
Kenneth A. Foon and Malek M. Safa
8. Cytokines 155
Walter M. Lewko and Robert K. Oldham
9. Interferons: therapy for cancer 277
David Goldstein, Robert Jones, Richard V. Smalley, and Ernest C. Borden
10. Monoclonal antibody therapy 303
Robert O. Dillman
11. Immunotoxins 407
Arthur E. Frankel, Jung-Hee Woo, and David M. Neville
12. Drug Immunoconjugates 451
Malek Safa, Kenneth A. Foon, and Robert K. Oldham
13. Targeted radionuclide therapy of cancer 463
John M. Pagel, Otto C. Boerman, Hazel B. Breitz, and Ruby Meredith
vii
viii Contents
14. Stem cell/bone marrow transplantation as biotherapy 497
Robert K. Oldham
15. Cellular immunotherapy (CI), where have we been and where are we going? 505
John R. Yannelli
16. Growth and differentiation factors as cancer therapeutics 527
Kapil Mehta, Robert K. Oldham, and Bulent Ozpolat
17. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: biology and clinical potential 569
MaryAnn Foote and George Morstyn
18. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor 581
Maryann Foote and George Morstyn
19. Cancer gene therapy 589
Donald J. Buchsbaum, C. Ryan Miller, Lacey R. Mcnally, and Sergey A. Kaliberov
20. Regulatory process for approval of biologicals for cancer therapy 613
Antonio J. Grillo-López
21.1. Cancer biotherapy: 2009 disease-related activity 631
Robert K. Oldham and Robert O. Dillman
21.2. Biological therapy of melanoma 633
Robert K. Oldham
21.3. Biological therapy of genitourinary cancer 645
Robert K. Oldham
21.4. Biological therapy of colon cancer 659
Robert O. Dillman
21.5. Biological therapy of breast cancer 669
Robert O. Dillman
21.6. Biological therapy of lung cancer 679
Robert O. Dillman
21.7. Biological therapy of B and T cell lymphoproliferative disorders 693
Robert O. Dillman
21.8. Biological therapy of multiple myeloma 711
Robert K. Oldham
21.9. Biological therapy of squamous cell cancers of the head and neck 713
Robert O. Dillman
21.10. Biological therapy of glioblastoma 723
Robert O. Dillman
22. Speculations for 2009 and beyond 733
Robert K. Oldham
Index 739
Contributors
Robert K. Oldham Toshio Kuwai
Hematology-Oncology Associates of Southeast Department of Cancer Biology
Missouri Hospital M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
Southeast Medical Plaza The University of Texas
Cape Girardeau, MO Houston, TX
USA USA
Robert O. Dillman Takamitsu Sasaki
Hoag Cancer Center Department of Cancer Biology
Newport Beach, CA M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
USA The University of Texas
University of California Houston, TX
Irvine, CA USA
USA
Robert Langley
Sun-Jin Kim Department of Cancer Biology
Department of Cancer Biology M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
M. D. Anderson Cancer Center The University of Texas
The University of Texas Houston, TX
Houston, TX USA
USA
Isaiah J. Fidler
Cheryl Hunt Baker Department of Cancer Biology
Department of Cancer Biology M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
M. D. Anderson Cancer Center The University of Texas
The University of Texas Houston, TX
Houston, TX USA
USA
Kapil Mehta
Yasuhiko Kitadai Department of Experimental Therapeutics
Department of Cancer Biology M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
M. D. Anderson Cancer Center The University of Texas
The University of Texas Houston, TX
Houston, TX USA
USA
Bulent Ozpolat
Toru Nakamura Department of Experimental Therapeutics
Department of Cancer Biology M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
M. D. Anderson Cancer Center The University of Texas
The University of Texas Houston, TX
Houston, TX USA
USA
ix
x Contributors
Kishorchandra Gohil Jung-Hee Woo
Department of Internal Medicine Cancer Research Institute of Scott &White
The University of California Temple, TX
Davis, CA USA
USA
David M. Neville
Bharat B. Aggarwal Angimmune LLC,
Department of Experimental Therapeutics Bethesda, MD
M. D. Anderson Cancer Center USA
The University of Texas
Houston, TX John M. Pagel
USA The Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Research Center
Kenneth A. Foon Seattle, WA
Department of Hematological Malignancies USA
Nevada Cancer Institute
Las Vegas, NV Otto C. Boerman
USA University Medical Center
Nijmegen
Malek M. Safa The Netherlands
Division of Hematology / Oncology
University of Cincinnati Hazel B. Breitz
Cincinnati, OH Poniard Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
USA Seattle, WA
USA
Walter M. Lewko
Cancer Cellular Therapeutics, Inc. Ruby F. Meredith
Cape Girardeau, MO Department of Radiation Oncology
USA University of Alabama Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama
David Goldstein USA
Department of Medical Oncology
Prince of Wales Hospital John R. Yannelli
Randwick, Sydney Department of Microbiology,
Australia Immunology and Molecular Genetics
Markey Cancer Center
Robert Jones University of Kentucky,
Centre for Oncology and Applied Pharmacology School of Medicine
CRUK Beatson Laboratories Lexington, Kentucky
Glasgow, Scotland USA
UK
MaryAnn Foote
Richard V. Smalley (deceased) Thousand Oaks, CA
Synertron Inc. USA
Madison, WI
USA Dr George Morstyn
Department of Microbiology
Arthur E. Frankel Monash University
Cancer Research Institute of Scott &White Victoria
Temple, TX Australia
USA