Table Of ContentLecture Notes in Computer Science 4187
CommencedPublicationin1973
FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors:
GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen
EditorialBoard
DavidHutchison
LancasterUniversity,UK
TakeoKanade
CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA
JosefKittler
UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK
JonM.Kleinberg
CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA
FriedemannMattern
ETHZurich,Switzerland
JohnC.Mitchell
StanfordUniversity,CA,USA
MoniNaor
WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel
OscarNierstrasz
UniversityofBern,Switzerland
C.PanduRangan
IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India
BernhardSteffen
UniversityofDortmund,Germany
MadhuSudan
MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,MA,USA
DemetriTerzopoulos
UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA
DougTygar
UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA
MosheY.Vardi
RiceUniversity,Houston,TX,USA
GerhardWeikum
Max-PlanckInstituteofComputerScience,Saarbruecken,Germany
José Júlio Alferes James Bailey
Wolfgang May Uta Schwertel (Eds.)
Principles and Practice
of Semantic Web
Reasoning
4th International Workshop, PPSWR 2006
Budva, Montenegro, June 10-11, 2006
Revised Selected Papers
1 3
VolumeEditors
JoséJúlioAlferes
UniversidadeNovadeLisboa
FaculdadedeCiênciaseTecnologia
DepartmentofComputerScience,2829-516Caparica,Portugal
E-mail:[email protected]
JamesBailey
UniversityofMelbourne
DepartmentofComputerScienceandSoftwareEngineering
Vic.3010,Australia
E-mail:[email protected]
WolfgangMay
UniversitätGöttingen
InstitutfürInformatik
Lotzestrasse16-18,37083Göttingen,Germany
E-mail:[email protected]
UtaSchwertel
UniversitätMünchen
InstitutfürInformatik
Oettingenstr.67,80538München,Germany
E-mail:uta.schwertel@ifi.lmu.de
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:Appliedfor
CRSubjectClassification(1998):H.4,H.3,I.2,F.4.1,D.2
LNCSSublibrary:SL3–InformationSystemsandApplication,incl.Internet/Web
andHCI
ISSN 0302-9743
ISBN-10 3-540-39586-5SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork
ISBN-13 978-3-540-39586-7SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork
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Preface
The papers in this volume represent the technical program of the 4th Work-
shop on Principles and Practice of Semantic Web Reasoning, PPSWR 2006,
held on June 10-11, 2006 in Budva, Montenegro, co-located with the 3rd Euro-
pean Semantic Web Conference, in the young country of Montenegro after its
independence on June 3, 2006.
TheSemanticWebisamajorendeavoraimingatenrichingtheexistingWeb
withmeta-dataandprocessingmethodssoastoprovideweb-basedsystemswith
advanced,so-called“intelligent”,capabilities.Theseadvancedcapabilities,striven
forinmostSemanticWebapplicationscenarios,primarilycallforreasoning.
Specialized reasoning capabilities are already offered by Semantic Web lan-
guagescurrently being developed suchas the OWL family together with Triple,
SPARQL,orontology-basedapplication-specificlanguagesandtoolslikeBPEL.
Theselanguages,however,aredevelopedmostlyfromfunctionality-centered(e.g.
ontologyreasoningoraccessvalidation)orapplication-centered(e.g.Webservice
retrievalandcomposition)perspectives.Aperspectivecenteredonthereasoning
techniques complementing the above-mentioned activities appears desirable for
SemanticWebsystemsandapplications.Moreover,thereisthegeneralreasoning
underlying the Semantic Web technologies, such as Description Logics, Hybrid
Logics, and others like F-Logic and Logic Programming semantics.
Theworkshopserieson“Principles andPracticeofSemanticWebReasoning
– PPSWR” beganin 2003(cf. Springer LNCS 3208)in response to the need for
a forum for the discussion of emerging work on various forms of reasoning that
areorcanbeusedontheSemanticWeb,withastronginterestinrule-basedlan-
guagesandmethods.TheworkshopaddressesbothreasoningmethodsfortheSe-
manticWeb,andSemanticWebapplicationsrelyinguponvariousformsofreason-
ing.Since2003,whentheconferencewasheldinMumbai,India,co-locatedwith
ICLP,ASIAN,andFSTTCS,theworkshophasbeenorganizedyearly:thesecond
workshop(LNCS3208)tookplacein2004inSt.Malo,France,inconjunctionwith
ICLP2004;the thirdworkshoptookplaceintheDagstuhlConferenceCenterin
Germany,withinaoneweekDagstuhlSeminar(LNCS3703).
The technicalprogramofPPSWR2006comprisedaninvited talk by Harold
Boleyon“The RuleMLFamily of WebRuleLanguages”,andthepresentationof
14 refereed technical articles selected by the ProgramCommittee among the 25
submitted.These14articlesdiscussvariousaspectsofreasoningontheSemantic
Web ranging from more theoretical work on reasoning methods that can be
applied to the Semantic Web, concrete reasoning methods and query languages
for the Semantic Web, to practical applications.
Besides the presentationof the technical articles, one sessionwas devoted to
thepresentationanddemonstrationof6systems,allofthemrelatedtoreasoning
IV Preface
on the Semantic Web. A description of eachof these systems is also part of this
volume.
Duringthe workshop,informalon-siteproceedingsweredistributed.Thepa-
pers in this volume have been revised by the authors based on the comments
fromthe refereeingstageandensuingdiscussionsduringthe workshopandhave
been subject to a final acceptance by the ProgramCommittee.
The workshophas partly been supported by the 6th FrameworkProgramme
(FP6),InformationSocietyTechnologies(IST)projectREWERSE(cf.http://
rewerse.net),projectreferencenumber 506779,funded bythe EuropeanCom-
mission and by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education and Research.
WewouldalsoliketothankthedevelopersoftheEasyChairconferenceman-
agement system (http://www.easychair.org/). EasyChair assisted us in the
wholeprocessofcollectingandreviewingpapers,ininteractingwithauthorsand
ProgramCommittee members, and also in assembling this volume.
Last, but not least, we would like to thank the authors of all papers and
system descriptions that were submitted to PPSWR 2006, the members of the
ProgramCommittee, and the additional experts who helped with the reviewing
process,forcontributingandensuringthehighscientificqualityofPPSWR2006.
July 2006 Jos´e Ju´lio Alferes
James Bailey
Wolfgang May
Uta Schwertel
Organization
Workshop Coordination
ProgramCommittee Chairs:
Jos´e Ju´lio Alferes, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
James Bailey, University of Melbourne, Australia
Proceedings Chair:
Wolfgang May, Georg-August-Universita¨tGo¨ttingen, Germany
Local Organization:
Uta Schwertel, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita¨tMu¨nchen, Germany
Program Committee
Jos´e Ju´lio Alferes Georg Lausen
Grigoris Antoniou Francesca Alessandra Lisi
Matteo Baldoni Jan Mal(cid:3)uszyn´ski
Robert Baumgartner Wolfgang May
James Bailey Paula-LaviniaPa˘traˆnjan
Sara Comai Michael Schro¨der
Wl(cid:3)odek Drabent Uta Schwertel
Guido Governatori Dietmar Seipel
Nicola Henze Carlos Viegas Dama´sio
Michael Kifer Gerd Wagner
Additional Reviewers
Sacha Berger Daniel Olmedilla
Sebastian Brandt Vineet Padmanabhan
Gihan Dawelbait Riccardo Rosati
Norbert Eisinger Loic Royer
Benedikt Linse Claudio Schifanella
Sergey Lukichev Umberto Straccia
Hans Ju¨rgen Ohlbach
Table of Contents
Session 1. Invited Talk
The RuleML Family of Web Rule Languages......................... 1
Harold Boley
Session 2. Reasoning I
Automated Reasoning Support for First-Order Ontologies.............. 18
Peter Baumgartner, Fabian M. Suchanek
Combining Safe Rules and Ontologies by Interfacing
of Reasoners ..................................................... 33
Uwe Aßmann, Jakob Henriksson, Jan Ma(cid:2)luszyn´ski
Session 3. Applications
Realizing Business Processes with ECA Rules: Benefits,
Challenges, Limits ................................................ 48
Franc¸ois Bry, Michael Eckert, Paula-Lavinia Pa˘trˆanjan,
Inna Romanenko
Interaction Protocols and Capabilities: A Preliminary Report .......... 63
Matteo Baldoni, Cristina Baroglio, Alberto Martelli,
Viviana Patti, Claudio Schifanella
Semantic Web Reasoning for Analyzing Gene Expression
Profiles .......................................................... 78
Liviu Badea
Session 4. Querying
Data Model andQuery Constructs for Versatile Web Query Languages:
State-of-the-Art and Challenges for Xcerpt ........................... 90
Franc¸ois Bry, Tim Furche, Benedikt Linse
AMaχoS—Abstract Machine for Xcerpt: Architecture
and Principles .................................................... 105
Franc¸ois Bry, Tim Furche, Benedikt Linse
X Table of Contents
Towards More Precise Typing Rules for Xcerpt........................ 120
Wl(cid:2)odzimierz Drabent
Session 5. Reasoning II
Extending an OWL Web Node with Reactive Behavior ................ 134
Wolfgang May, Franz Schenk, Elke von Lienen
Supporting Open and Closed World Reasoning on the Web............. 149
Carlos Viegas Dama´sio, Anastasia Analyti, Grigoris Antoniou,
Gerd Wagner
Reasoning with Temporal Constraints in RDF ........................ 164
Carlos Hurtado, Alejandro Vaisman
Session 6. Reasoning III
Bidirectional Mapping Between OWL DL and Attempto Controlled
English .......................................................... 179
Kaarel Kaljurand, Norbert E. Fuchs
XML Querying Using Ontological Information ........................ 190
Hans Eric Svensson, Artur Wilk
Semantic Web Reasoning Using a Blackboard System.................. 204
Craig McKenzie, Alun Preece, Peter Gray
Systems Session
Effective and Efficient Data Access in the Versatile Web Query
Language Xcerpt.................................................. 219
Sacha Berger, Franc¸ois Bry, Tim Furche, Benedikt Linse,
Andreas Schroeder
Web Queries with Style: Rendering Xcerpt Programs with CSSNG ...... 225
Franc¸ois Bry, Christoph Wieser
Information Gathering in a Dynamic World .......................... 237
Thomas Hornung, Kai Simon, Georg Lausen
Practice of Inductive Reasoning on the Semantic Web: A System for
Semantic Web Mining ............................................. 242
Francesca Alessandra Lisi
Table of Contents XI
Fuzzy Time Intervals System Description of the FuTI–Library .......... 257
Hans Ju¨rgen Ohlbach
A Prototype of a Descriptive Type System for Xcerpt.................. 262
Artur Wilk, Wl(cid:2)odzimierz Drabent
Author Index................................................... 277
The RuleML Family
(cid:2)
of Web Rule Languages
Harold Boley
Institutefor Information Technology – e-Business,
National Research Council of Canada,
Fredericton, NB, E3B 9W4, Canada
harold.boley AT nrc DOT gc DOT ca
Abstract. The RuleML family of Web rule languages contains deriva-
tion (deduction)rulelanguages, whichthemselveshaveawebized Data-
log language astheirinnercore. DatalogRuleML’s atomicformulas can
be(un)keyedand (un)ordered.InheritingtheDatalog features, Hornlog
RuleMLaddsfunctional expressions as terms. In Hornlogwith equality,
suchuninterpreted(constructor-like)functionsarecomplementedbyin-
terpreted(equation-defined)functions.Thesearedescribedbyfurtheror-
thogonaldimensions“single-vs.set-valued”and“first-vs.higher-order”.
Combinedmodallogicsapplyspecialrelationsasoperatorstoatomswith
an uninterpretedrelation, complementing the usual interpreted ones.
1 Introduction
Efforts in Web rules have steadily increased since they were brought
into focus by the RuleML Initiative [http://ruleml.org] in 2000, includ-
ing DARPA’s DAML Rules [http://www.daml.org/rules], IST’s REWERSE
[http://rewerse.net], ISO’s Common Logic [http://cl.tamu.edu], OMG’s Produc-
tion Rule Representation (PRR) [http://www.omg.org/docs/bmi/06-02-08.pdf]
as well as Semantics of Business Vocabulary and Business Rules (SBVR)
[http://www.businessrulesgroup.org/sbvr.shtml], and W3C’s Rule Interchange For-
mat (RIF) [http://www.w3.org/2005/rules]. RuleML has co-evolved with some of
these other efforts as well as with the Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL)
[http://www.w3.org/Submission/SWRL], the Semantic Web Services Language
(SWSL) [http://www.w3.org/Submission/SWSF-SWSL], and the Web Rule Lan-
guage (WRL) [http://www.w3.org/Submission/WRL]. This has been supported
by, and influenced, RuleML’s modular design.
The specification of RuleML constitutes a modular family of Web sublan-
guages,whoserootaccessesthelanguageasawholeandwhosemembersidentify
customized,combinablesubsetsofthelanguage.Eachofthefamily’ssublanguages
has anXML Schema definition,Web-addressedby a URI, whichpermits inheri-
tancebetweensublanguageschemasandprecisereferencetotherequiredexpres-
siveness.The family structure providesan expressiveinclusionhierarchyfor the
(cid:2) Thanks to David Hirtle for creating the family’s XML Schemas, and the RuleML
SteeringCommitteeforguidance.ThisresearchwaspartiallysupportedbyNSERC.
J.J.Alferesetal.(Eds.):PPSWR2006,LNCS4187,pp.1–17,2006.
(cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2006
