Principles and Practice of Ground Improvement

435 Pages·2015·13.6 MB·English

by  Jie Han

Principles and Practices of Ground
Improvement

Principles and Practices of
Ground Improvement
Jie Han
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
Han,Jie,1964-
Principlesandpracticeofgroundimprovement/JieHan.
pagescm
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-118-25991-7(hardback);978-1-118-41960-1(ebk.);978-1-118-42130-7(ebk.)
1.Soilstabilization.2.Foundations.I.Title.
TA749.H362014
624.1’51–dc23
2014018379
CoverimagescourtesyofSergeVaraksinandJieHan
Coverdesign:Wiley
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10987654321
CONTENTS
Preface xiii
CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 ProblematicGeomaterialsandConditions 1
1.2.1 ProblematicGeomaterials 1
1.2.2 ProblematicConditions 1
1.3 GeotechnicalProblemsandFailures 2
1.4 GroundImprovementMethodsandClassification 2
1.4.1 HistoricalDevelopments 2
1.4.2 Classification 3
1.4.3 GeneralDescription,Function,andApplication 5
1.5 SelectionofGroundImprovementMethod 5
1.5.1 NecessityofGroundImprovement 5
1.5.2 FactorsforSelectingGroundImprovementMethod 10
1.5.3 SelectionProcedure 12
1.6 DesignConsiderations 12
1.7 Construction 13
1.8 QualityControlandAssurance 14
1.9 RecentAdvancesandTrendsforFutureDevelopments 14
1.9.1 RecentAdvances 14
1.9.2 TrendsforFutureDevelopments 14
1.10 OrganizationofBook 14
Problems 14
References 15
CHAPTER2 GEOTECHNICALMATERIALS,TESTING,ANDDESIGN 17
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 GeomaterialsandProperties 17
2.2.1 Classifications 17
2.2.2 PhysicalProperties 18
2.2.3 MechanicalProperties 19
v
vi CONTENTS
2.2.4 HydraulicProperties 25
2.2.5 CompactionofGeomaterial 26
2.3 GeosyntheticsandProperties 29
2.3.1 TypeofGeosynthetic 29
2.3.2 Function 30
2.3.3 PropertiesandTestMethods 33
2.4 InsituTesting 40
2.4.1 StandardPenetrationTest 40
2.4.2 ConePenetrationTest 42
2.4.3 VaneShearTest 45
2.4.4 PressuremeterTest 46
2.4.5 PlateLoadTest 47
2.5 ShallowFoundationDesign 48
2.5.1 BearingCapacity 48
2.5.2 Settlement 50
2.5.3 Consolidation 54
2.6 SlopeStabilityAnalysis 55
2.6.1 Introduction 55
2.6.2 MethodsforSlopeStabilityAnalysis 55
2.7 EarthRetainingWallAnalysis 61
2.7.1 TypeofWall 61
2.7.2 LateralEarthPressureCoefficient 61
2.7.3 Rankine’sTheory 61
2.7.4 Coulomb’sTheory 63
2.8 LiquefactionAnalysis 64
2.8.1 LiquefactionPotential 64
2.8.2 Earthquake-InducedSettlement 66
Problems 67
References 70
CHAPTER3 SHALLOWANDDEEPCOMPACTION 73
3.1 Introduction 73
3.2 DensificationPrinciples 73
3.3 ConventionalCompaction 73
3.3.1 Introduction 73
3.3.2 Principles 74
3.3.3 DesignConsiderations 77
3.3.4 DesignParametersandProcedure 80
3.3.5 DesignExample 80
3.3.6 Construction 81
3.3.7 QualityControlandAssurance 82
3.4 IntelligentCompaction 82
3.4.1 Introduction 82
3.4.2 Principles 83
3.4.3 DesignConsiderations 86
3.4.4 Construction 88
3.4.5 QualityControlandAssurance 88
3.5 DeepDynamicCompaction 89
3.5.1 Introduction 89
3.5.2 Principles 90
3.5.3 DesignConsiderations 91
3.5.4 DesignParametersandProcedure 97
3.5.5 DesignExample 98
CONTENTS vii
3.5.6 Construction 99
3.5.7 QualityControlandAssurance 99
3.6 RapidImpactCompaction 100
3.6.1 Introduction 100
3.6.2 Principles 101
3.6.3 DesignConsiderations 101
3.6.4 DesignParametersandProcedure 103
3.6.5 DesignExample 103
3.6.6 Construction 104
3.6.7 QualityControlandAssurance 104
3.7 Vibro-compaction 104
3.7.1 Introduction 104
3.7.2 Principles 106
3.7.3 DesignConsiderations 109
3.7.4 DesignParametersandProcedure 110
3.7.5 DesignExample 111
3.7.6 Construction 112
3.7.7 QualityControlandAssurance 113
Problems 113
References 115
CHAPTER4 OVEREXCAVATIONANDREPLACEMENT 117
4.1 Introduction 117
4.1.1 BasicConcept 117
4.1.2 Suitability 117
4.1.3 Applications 117
4.1.4 AdvantagesandLimitations 117
4.2 Principles 118
4.2.1 StressDistribution 118
4.2.2 FailureModes 119
4.3 DesignConsiderations 119
4.3.1 GeneralShearFailurewithinReplacedZone 120
4.3.2 PunchingFailurethroughtheReplacedZone 120
4.3.3 FailureofDistributedFoundation 121
4.3.4 PunchingFailureofReplacedZoneintoInSituSoil 121
4.3.5 MinimumBearingCapacityandFactorofSafety 122
4.3.6 SettlementofaFootingonLayeredSoilsofInfiniteWidth 122
4.3.7 SettlementofaFootingonaReplacedZonewithLimitedArea 122
4.4 DesignParametersandProcedure 124
4.4.1 DesignParameters 124
4.4.2 DesignProcedure 124
4.5 DesignExample 125
4.6 Construction 130
4.6.1 SelectionofFill 130
4.6.2 Excavation 131
4.6.3 PlacementandCompaction 131
4.7 QualityControlandAssurance 131
4.7.1 LocationsandDimensions 131
4.7.2 CompactedFill 131
4.7.3 PerformanceEvaluation 131
Problems 131
References 132
viii CONTENTS
CHAPTER5 DEEPREPLACEMENT 133
5.1 Introduction 133
5.1.1 BasicConcepts 133
5.1.2 Suitability 135
5.1.3 Applications 135
5.1.4 AdvantagesandLimitations 135
5.2 Principles 136
5.2.1 Functions 136
5.2.2 Densification 136
5.2.3 LoadTransferMechanisms 137
5.2.4 FailureModes 140
5.3 DesignConsiderations 141
5.3.1 GeneralRules 141
5.3.2 DensificationEffect 142
5.3.3 BearingCapacity 143
5.3.4 Settlement 145
5.3.5 Consolidation 148
5.3.6 Stability 151
5.3.7 Liquefaction 152
5.3.8 DesignofGeosynthetic-encasedGranularColumns 153
5.4 DesignParametersandProcedure 156
5.4.1 GranularColumns 156
5.4.2 ConcreteColumns 157
5.4.3 Geosynthetic-encasedGranularColumn 157
5.5 DesignExamples 158
5.6 Construction 163
5.6.1 SandCompactionColumns 163
5.6.2 StoneColumns 163
5.6.3 RammedAggregateColumns 164
5.6.4 Vibro-ConcreteColumns 164
5.6.5 ControlledModulus(Stiffness)Columns 165
5.6.6 Geosynthetic-encasedGranularColumns 165
5.7 QualityControlandAssurance 165
5.7.1 LocationsandDimensions 165
5.7.2 FillMaterial 165
5.7.3 InstallationParameters 166
5.7.4 PerformanceEvaluation 167
Problems 168
References 170
CHAPTER6 DRAINAGEANDDEWATERING 173
6.1 Introduction 173
6.2 PrinciplesofWaterFlowinGeomaterial 174
6.2.1 Bernoulli’sEquation 174
6.2.2 FlowNet 175
6.2.3 PoreWaterPressureandUpliftForce 176
6.2.4 StressesDuetoSeepage 176
6.3 Filtration 177
6.3.1 Introduction 177
6.3.2 Principles 178