Princeton Readings in Political Thought: Essential Texts since Plato

758 Pages·1996·45.67 MB·English

by  Mitchell Cohen (ed.)

PRINCETON READINGS
IN POLITICAL THOUGHT
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Princeton Readings
in Political Thought
Essential Texts
since Plato
Mitchell Cohen and Nicole Fermon,
Editors
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS • PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY
Copyright © 19% by Princeton University Press
Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, Chichester, West Sussex
All Rights Reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Princeton readings in political thought : essential texts since Plato
/ Mitchell Cohen and Nicole Fermon, editors.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0–691–03688–8 (cloth : alk. paper). — ISBN 0-691-03689-6
pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Political science—History. 2. Political science. I. Cohen,
Mitchell, 1952- . II. Fermon, Nicole, 1950– .
JA81.P928 1996
320'.01—dc20 95-23990
CIP
This book has been composed in Galliard Typeface
Princeton University Press books are printed on acid-free paper and meet the guidelines for
permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the
Council on Library Resources
http:// pup.princeton.edu
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21
10 9 8 7
(Pbk.)
ISBN-13: 978-0-691-03689-2 (pbk.)
ISBN-10: 0-691-03689-6 (pbk.)
Most of the selections in this book have been edited. Footnotes have sometimes been abridged,
rearranged, or deleted by the editors. For full references, readers are directed to the original editions.
Contents
Acknowledgments ix
Thinking Politically: An Introduction 1
PART ONE: CLASSICAL POLITICAL THOUGHT 7
1. Thucydides
Pericles' Funeral Oration 13
2. Plato
The Apology 19
The Republic 39
3. Aristotle
The Politics 107
4. Cicero
On The Republic 124
PART TWO: THE MIDDLE AGES 127
5. St. Augustine
City of God 133
6. St. Thomas Aquinas
Politics and Law 144
7. Christine de Pizan
The Book of the City of Ladies 153
PART THREE: MODERN POLITICAL THOUGHT 159
8. Niccolo Machiavelli
The Prince 167
Discourses on Livy 188
9. Martin Luther
The Christian in Society 194
10. John Calvin
God and Political Duty 200
11. Thomas Hobbes
Leviathan 205
vi CONTENTS
12. John Locke
Second Treatise of Government 243
13. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
On the Social Contract 280
Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of Inequality
Among Men 293
14. Adam Smith
The Wealth of Nations 314
15. Publius
The Federalist Papers 335
16. Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen 347
17. Edmund Burke
Reflections on the Revolution in France 349
18. Marie-Olympes de Gouges
Delaration of the Rights of Women and Citizens 356
19. Mary Wollstonecraft
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 362
20. Jeremy Bentham
An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation 371
21. John Stuart Mill
On Liberty 375
On the Subjection of Women 388
22. Alexis de Tocqueville
Democracy in America 398
23. G.W.F. Hegel
Philosophy of Right 425
24. Karl Marx
A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy 435
Estranged Labour 438
The Communist Manifesto 448
After the Revolution 464
Capital 465
25. Friedrich Nietzsche
On the Genealogy of Morals 467
CONTENTS vii
PART FOUR: IN OUR TIMES 491
26. Max Weber
Politics as a Vocation 499
27. Gaetano Mosca
The Ruling Class 512
28. Robert Michels
Political Parties 524
29. V. I. Lenin
What Is to Be Done? 530
The State and Revolution 534
30. Sigmund Freud
Civilization and Its Discontents 544
Totem and Taboo 551
Why War? 556
31. Emma Goldman
Victims of Morality 566
32. Benito Mussolini
Fascism 571
33. Hannah Arendt
The Origins of Totalitarianism 575
34. George Orwell
Politics and the English Language 591
35. Simone de Beauvoir
The Second Sex 601
36. Frantz Fanon
The Wretched of the Earth 615
37. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Letter from Birmingham Jail 623
38. Malcolm X
The Ballot or the Bullet 636
39. Leo Strauss
What Is Political Philosophy? 642
viii CONTENTS
40. Michael Walzer
In Defense of Equality 656
41. John Rawls
A Theory of Justice 669
42. Robert Nozick
Anarchy, State and Utopia 698
43. Jürgen Habeas
The Public Sphere 709
44. Michel Foucault
Discipline and Punish 715
Acknowledgments
Aquinas:
Excerpts from "The Treatise on Law," Summa Theologica, from Thomas Aquinas
on Politics and Ethics, edited by Paul E. Sigmund. ® 1985 by W. W. Norton &
Company, Inc. Used by permission of the publisher.
Arendt:
Excerpts from The Origins of Totalitarianism by Hannah Arendt. Copyright 1951
and renewed 1979 by Mary McCarthy West, reprinted by permission of Harcourt
Brace & Company.
Aristotle:
Reprinted from The Politics of Aristotle translated by Ernest Barker (1946) by
permission of Oxford University Press.
Augustine:
From The Political Writings of St. Augustine, edited with an Introduction by Henry
Paolucci. Copyright ® 1962 by Regnery Gateway, Inc. All rights reserved. Reprinted
by permission of Regnery Publishing, Inc., Washington, D.C.
Beauvoir:
From The Second Sex by Simone De Beauvoir, trans., H. M. Parshley. Copyright
1952 and renewed 1980 by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Reprinted by permission of the
publisher.
Bentham:
From Jeremy Bentham, "An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legisla-
tion," in John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism and Other Writings, Meridian/NAL.
Burke:
From The Works of the Right Honorable Edmund Burke, rev. ed., vol. 3, Reflec-
tions on the Revolution in France, Little, Brown, 1865.
Calvin:
From McNeill, John T., On God and Political Duty by John Calvin, ® 1956.
Reprinted by permission of Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Cicero:
Reprinted by permission of the publishers and the Loeb Classical Library from
Cicero, De Re Publica De Legibus, vol. XVI, translated by Clinton Walker
Keyes, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.
Declaration of the Rights of Man:
From The Constitution and Other Documents Illustrative of the History of France,
1789-1907, 2nd ed., rev., by Frank Maloy Anderson, Wilson, 1908.