Primitivism, Cubism, Abstraction: The Early Twentieth Century: Book 2 (Open University: Modern Art - Practices & Debates)

274 Pages·1993·37.555 MB·English

by  Gill Harrison

MODERNA RT
PRACTICAENSD D EBATES
PrimitCiuvbiiAssbmms,,t raction
MODERNA RT
PRACTICAENSD D EBATES
PrimitCiuvbiiAssbmms,,t raction
ThEea rTlwye ntCieentthu ry
CharHlaersr iFsroann Fcriass cGiinPlael yr r
YALUEN IVERPSRIETSNYSE ,WH AV EN& L ONDON
INA SSOCIAWTIITOTHNH EO PEUNN IVERSITY
Copyr©i TghhOetp eUnn ive1r9s9i3t y
Firpsutb li1s9h9be3yYd a lUen ivePrrseiistnasy s socwiiattThih Ooepn e Unn iversity
Alrli grhetsse rEvxecdef.pot trh q eu otaotfsi hoopnra ts sfaogtreh pseu rpoosfce rsi taincrdie svmi neow ,
paorftt h piusb limcaatybi ero enp rodsutcoeirdnae,r d e trsiyesvtaoelrtrm a,n smiitnat neyd ,fo orbr yam n y
meanesl,e ctmreocnhiacnp,ih coatlo,c orpeycionrogdro,i t nhge rwwiitsheto,hu et wprriitotre n poefr mission
thpeu bliosrahl eirc efnrcotemhC eo pyrLiigchetnA sgiennLgci ym iDteetdao.if sl uscl hi ce(nfsoers
reprogrreapprhoidcum catiybo eon b)t afirnoetmdhC eo pyrightA gLeincLcetynod sf3 i 3n-Ag3l 4f red
PlaLcoen,d WoCnl 7ED P.
LibroafCr oyn grCeastsa loging-iDna-tPau blication
HarriCshoanr1,l9 e4s2.-
PrimitCiuvbiisAsmbm,s, t raTchtEeia orTnlw:ye ntCieenttuhr y/
CharHlaersr iFsroannF,cr iass GciiPlnelar ,r y.
p.cm-.( ModAerm-t PracatniDcdee bsa tes)
Inclbuidbelsi ogrreafpehriaecnnaidcln e dse x.
ISB0N- 300-05515-3
ISB0N- 300-0p5a5p1e6r--eb1da ictki on
1P.rimitiinav r2itC.s.u m b i3sA.mr .at b,s tr4aA.cr tMt.o, d e-m2 0tche ntury.
IF.rasFcriannaIc,IPi .es r.Gr iyl,l IiITaIin.t.I l VSe.e. r ies.
N6494.P7H13979 3 709'-.d0c42'01
Editdeeds,i ganntedyd p ebsyTe htOe p eUnn iversity.
PrinitnHe odn Kgo nbgyK wonFgaO tf fPsreitn CtoiL.nt gd .
CONTENTS
CHAPTE1R
PRIMITIVAINSDM T HE' MODERN'3
byG iPlelr ry
IntrodPurcitmiiiotnanir :vt i-shmid setboa3rtiec al
Par1t ' Thgeo ianwga -ya'p reparfaottrhi 'eom no de9rn'?
'Claonggdsr anBirtieta'tn:Pad on nyt -1A0ven
'Piltlhasega ivnaogOgf ce esa Gnaiuag'au:niT dna hi2t8i
PrimiatniKdvu iltsumr Wkorirtpisikw:tne h 1de8e 9 034s
Par2t Th ed ecortahteeix vper,ea snstdih pvere i mi4t6i ve
Thdee coraanttdhi 'ecv uedl elt ave i eM'a:t iasnFsdae u vi4s6m
Theex preasntsdhi Eevx ep res6s2ionist
Expreasntsdhib eoo nd6 y7
Cocnul is o 8n3
CHAPTER2
REALISAMN D IDEOLOGY
AN INTRODUCTIOTNO SEMIOTIACNSD CUBISM 87
byF ranFcriass cina
Introd8u7c tion
Represelnatnagstuiiagogrnnees:,a, l1 i00sm
Aratn sde mio1t0i4cs
Realiidsemoa,ln todhg 'eyd isciuCnru sbiiv1se3m'5
Artissutbiccus litguanrnmsede s a:n i14n7 g
Conclu1s7i8o n
CHAPTE3R
184
ABSTRACTION
byC harHlaersr ison
Abstrfaicgtuiaronanrdt,e i porne se1n8t5a tion
Oni nterpr21e2t ation
Auton2o1m9y
KazimMiarl ev2i2c8h
PiMeotn dr2i5a0n
INDEX2 65
PREFACE
Thiists h see coinnads eroiffe osub ro oakbso aurtat n idt isn terprfertotamht meii odn­
ninetceeenntttuhotr hyee n odft htew entEiaecbsho. oi kss e lf-suafnafdci cceisetsnoit b le
thgee nerreaaldA esar s .e ritehsef,yo rtmh mea itne xotfas n O peUnn iversity course
ModeArnr tP:r acatniDdce ebsa Ttheesry.e preasr eanntog fea pproaacnhdme est hods
characotfce ornitsetmipcao rrta-rhyid setboartiec.a l
Thceh apitnet rhsbi oso cko nsaisdpeeroc fat rsat n vdi scuuallt iunEr uer ofpreo m
c.19t0ot0 h 1e9 20Asl.t hoourggha ncihzreodn oloegaiccchha alplityne,vr e staigates
perioormd o vemoefen atr tlwye ntietahr-itcnr e enltatutorbi yro ona tdheero riestsiuceasl
andp robloefmi sn terprIentt ahpteri oocnqe.u sess tairorena si saebdo uhti storical
enquainrmdye thodoalswo eglaylsa, b otuhtse t aotf'u asr t'.
Int hfei rcshta pGtielrPl,e rerxyp lotrhreees l atiboentswhecieopnn ceopftt hse
'primainttdih vieen 't eorfe' smtosd earnnad'v ant-agratrwidosert ksai rnogu tnhdte u rn
oft hcee ntTuhrfeyi .pr asrottf t hcihsa pftoecruo snte hspe r imiitnitveiirsnetvs otlisvn e d
thfeo rmaotfsi omo ann ryu raarlt ists' colaonnGdie ersm aainttny h eF orefatn nhdce e
nineteentThh sece ecnotnudr yp.a rtth deci ofnfsewiradeyiensnrwt sh iccuhl taunrda l
aestihnetteiircnte hs'etp sr imiintt hiwevo ero'kfM atiasnstdeh F ea uvaenstd h Gee rman
Expresswieorniein sftlsew cittvehad l ue-cloandceeonpf tt hs'e d ecorative' and the
'expressive'.
Int hsee cocnhda pFtrearn,Fc riass ecxipnlaao nrddee sv elaof posro mfa naloyfs is
Cubiwsotrd kesr ifvreosdme mioltohgeioIcrnaay ls. s estshpieon tge notfsi eamli oftoirc s
decodCiunbgiw sotr khsea, s setshsseeo sc ainacdlu ltvuarlauelen sc oidnes du cshi gni­
fyisnygs taenmeds x,p lCourbeisas sam n a rtipsrtaiccwt hiicrceah i qsueess taiboonust
thset aotfut sha er otb jaenctdth ree latiboentswhreieeppn r eseanntidad teioolInon g y.
thper ocheesm sa keasc rucial dbiesttwie'nemcnat iinossnte rmeiaomat nid'c sso'c ial
semioatrigcusti'hn taght le a thtaemsro rhei storicalp oetxepnltainaalt.o ry
InC hapttherrCe hea,r Hlaersr icsoonns isdoemrpesr obloefim nst erpraentda tion
evalupaotsibeoydns peceixfaimcpo lfae bss tarraetcx,tp losroimonefgt hree laatnido ns
differbeentcwfeeiseg nu raantadib vset froarcomtfsp aintHiedn igs.c utshsneee sef do r
attenttohi iosnt ocroinctuaeslxi ttn hgce a roefet rhR eu ssairatnKi aszti Mmailre vaisac h
baswihsi,tl hewe o rokft hDeu tcpha inPtieeMrto ndriisca onn sidienrr eelda ttoi on
evaluaantailvyes is.
OpeUnn ivetresxiuttnsyd ersgeov esrtaalgo efds r afatnidrn egv iTehwea. u thors
woulldi tkoet haanlktl h owsheoc ommenotnte hdde r afntost,aL bylnyBn a ldawnidn
ProfeTshsoomrCa rso wG.i lPle rwrayst haec adecmoi-co rdiTnhaeet doirtw.oe rrse
AbigCarioly daonnCd l ive Baldwin.w aPsci acrtruoiruebetdy T roenCsyoe ualrscohn .
AlisColna rkkeey iendt htee xTthsge.r apdheiscii gsbny R ichHaorydlR eo.b eGrltaav e
watsh ceo urasdem inistrator.
Pla1t eP abPlioc aLsesDsoe ,m oidsA'ev lilge1ns9o 0no7,io,l n c anv2a4sx4,2 3c4m C.o lleocft iMtouhnse e um
ofM odeArrnNt e,w Y orAkc.q uitrherdo tuhgLehi lPl.Bi leiB sesq ue1s9t3©,9 D .A CSP,a r1i9s9 3.
PRIMITIVAINSDMT HE' MODERN'
byG iPlelr ry
IntrodPurcitmiioitnnai: rv ti-shmi dsetboartiec al
Int hcihsa pItw earnt,tof ocounts h seh itfhttasot o pkl aacreo utnhtdeu ronft hcee ntury
int haee sthaentcdiu cl tausrsaolc ioafat riwtoo nrsdk ess ign'amtoeddeI rnnc'r.e asingly,
foromfrs e presetnhtwaaettr eiexo pnl oirci imtpyl iocpiptotlsouye r db Waens tceurlnt ure
co-exwiisttahen ddd ispltahcoensdie n eteentnho-tcieoonfmnt osud reyr tnhiawttey r e
concewrinttehhda e e sthpeottiecno tfui rablta hne mMeasn.ay r twihsotmws e n owl abel
'modewrenri'enf aocptp osteotd hp er oceosfms oedse rni(zbawyth iiocInmh e atnh e
forciensd uosft riaanludir zbaatniiioznnWa etsitocenar pni tsaolciisett y).
Thiosp posoifttiteoonnot khf eo romfa p osidtiisvcer imiinfn aavtooiufsor on - called
'primitivaen'dt escuhbnjiIeqnhcu itesssse .m ibnoaolPk r imitiinMv oidseAmrnr tf,i rst
publiisn1h 9e3dt8 ha,er hti stoRroibaeGnro tl dwwartoetre :
Thaer tiisnttieocrft e hstetw entcieenttihunt r hype r oducotfpi roinmsip teiovpwela ess
neitahsue nre xpencoatrsse udd daesin gs e nersaulplpyoI stpesrd e.p argaoteiso nw ell
baciknt thone i netceeennt.tu.hr. y
(PrimiitnMi ovdieAsrnrm pt .,3 )
Goldwaatregrut ehsal to nbge foarret ilsitPksie cabsesgota oni ncorp'oprraitmei tive'
elemeinntt hse ciarn vaasreosu 1n9d0 6(-P7l 1a) t,me a nnyi neteentahr-tciesnttsu,r y
amontgh eGma uguhiand,a lresaoduyg ohutt' primistoiuvreac'ne dss ocieties,
identiifnty hienamgn a rticsutlittcuh rapeta raltlheieln etde roefms otdse rn Western
artiGsotlsd.w antoetri'oosf'n p reparhaetltipoose n s't abalnai rsthi rsotofitoc tr h e
inteorefms atnsty w entietha-vcaenntt-ugAracyrc doirstdtoits nh.gvi ise Pwi,c afsosro ,
exampwlaesb, u ildonia nnig n novtartaidvieat nitoinc iipnta htweeo dro kfG auguin's
generaStuicaohnan c. cofuonctu osnte hste e chnaiscpaeolcft t hsae r tiwsotrska'sn ,id t
implai keisn odfc ontinouffu omr maaflf inwiittaih we isd rea nogefs upposedly
'primoirnt oinv-eW'e ssotuerrcne s.
Thiasr gumienni ttv sa rifooursmi ssn oww elels tabliints hhaeer dt -historical
writoinnt ghpsee riBoudtt.h eirasec rucaisaslu mpwthiioocnfh t uennd eriltti:hei esd ea
thtaht'e p rimairttievwfeea'rc ietn sv ewsittevhda lautte h sea mtei maes- o re veanf t-er
similar itnencohvnaaitpcipaoelnaw sri etdhW iens taerrptnr actTihcceeh sa.r actoefr istics
'primsiotuirvcee'ts h uswsee ertneoc onftoorr,am t thhearsn i mptloiy n stphicerh ea nging
inteorfem sotdsea rrnt iIsnot tsh.e r aw' oprrdism,ti etnidvewena'csa y l rebaediypn rgo ­
duced wfirtomhmoi dne rna naidrn ft a,wc atst ob ecoamd ei stingfueiastohufitr nheeg
'modeArswn e's .h aslele , thish aidim dpeoar itamalpnsltoi cfaottrih aoern tsi ssetl'fs­
imagient, h aitct o ntritbotu htmeey dt thh aatv ant-agratrisdsuetca shsG auguainnd
Picasssoo mweehrioentw o uwcihta ph u rdei,r meocdtoe fa rtiesxtpirce ssion.
Mucihn hka bse esnp ilolnte hdsi usb jIertca ti.ss oemsde i ffqiuceuslttai boontusht e
definoifti inonnosv aantadis osni miilnma otdieoarnrnw t o rkasn,td h ree latiboen­ship
tween thtehmae r wtbhioesrnt r forwosom ri, is n flubeyn',cp erdi mwiotrikHvsoe.w'f , o r
4
PRIMITAINVDIT SHME' MODERN'
exampclawene, u ndersPtiacnadsD seom'osi ds'eAlvlie(gsPn lo1an)tl, eo nsge eansa c a­
noniwcoarolkfm oderpnriismti tiinrv eilsamtt,oti hoenqs uee stions?
Throuigtdhsi stofratcaeendsdb odi(ewsh ircehc saolmloe f t hceo nvenotfi ons
AfriacnaIdnb ermiaasnka sn)id t bsr oken dsopetashc wieos,r r ke prears aendtib craela k­
throaunga hs,s aountl htce o nvenotfbi oounrsg aeroItif?os, n t hoet her thhaecnsoden, ­
ventairobeno sr rofwreoodmr i nspbiyro etdhs eoru rdcoeetssh, ri esd utchweeo rki'ns­
novatoryD osePtsia ctaususss?ooe f'A sf riacnaIdnb erairatne rfeapcrtesas W eenstt ern
misapproopfra ilaiotebinjo enAc ntdsh ?o wd oetsh seu bjecto-ffm eamtatnleuerd es,
basoendt hteh eomfea B arceblroontafh uenlc,it nir oenl attoti hoenis ses uPeisc?a sso
claitmohe adv pea inLteeDsde moibseeflholemre aesd h ei msy tholofgiirvzsietstd iot t h e
TrocaEdtehrnoo grMaupsheiuicmna1 l9 0I7Pf.i 1c awsassro e latuinvaewlaoyrfs e p ecific
African istsoh auiw rsoc roekfss ,o mkei nodfi ntupirtiimviet Iifov,nit shomet? h hearn d,
Picacsosnos ciaosussilmyi' ltartioebbdaj lei'cn tttsoh w iosr dki,hd e d ot hbiesc ahues e
percesiovmdeeid s ruoprst oicvieta rlalnys gproetsesniitntvi heaae sl s ocioafAt firoincsa n
obje(cttrsa dituisoefndoa trlh eleyx orcoifss pmi raintdos t hreirt uafluinscttiico ns)?
GivPeinc aslseof'ts-v wiieanwtgts h tei mceo,u hlidus s oefA frimcoatnib fess e eansa
delibcehraaltleteo Wn egset ceorlno nviiaelowifsAs ftr iWchaa?dt o t hemsoet iffrso m
Afriocbajne cts tcoto hnmete rainbiounfLtg eeDss e moiselles?
Theisses huaevsae lb le ehno tdleyb aitnte hdwe r itoifnm gosd earrnht i stTohrey .
glostswyo -voclautmael oofga unae mbitainodui sn flueenxthiiablio tf1i 9o8n4 ,
'PrimiitnTi wveinstmi'e tAhr-AtCffi:en niotttfuyh ryT e r iabnatdlh M eo deerdni,tb eyWd i l­
liaRmu bin, placeidm pcoorntsoainLnd eceDsere ambolieas sea wl olreoksfm odernist
primitTihveeim spmh.a assti hste,i stulgeg eissot nfs o,r maaflf inbiettiwemesoe dne rn
Westaenrd'n p rimairtatin vader 't efactst.h deFe oblaoltnote wh iseno gu rPciecsa sso
mights heaewvnhe eh nep ainLteeDsde moiisiteas lr lgeutseh,dha etd indo cto py directly
froimn dividuamla sAkafsnr,dwi acsta hne refore amp orroiedn utcuifinotgrio mvf e
primitUinvdiesrmlt.yh iainrsgg umiestn htae s sumpsteiotou nit,n a p refbaycK ei rk
Varnetdhoa'etm, o deprrniimsitt dievpiesonmndt sha eu tonofmooruocsfoe b je-acntds
especointa hlcela yp aocfti rtiyab rattlot ranstcheienn dt enatnicdoo nnsd itthifaoitnr ss t
shapiet(d'p .x).
Inr ecyeenattr hsai psp rohaacbshe edne baatnedqd u alibfyai rehtdi stoarnida ns
criftriocmmsa ndyi ffpeorseinttOi noetn hse.o raeptpircoatalhch ahatg s r eaitnlfyl uenced
thset uodfpy r imitiis'v diissmc oursaena ptphreoioanrcdyhe' b,tt ote hdwe o rokft he
philosopheMri-chhiFesoltu ocraiTuahlnith s.a 2sm eanetx plotrhipeno gl itaincda l
cultruarmailf iocfap triiomnistt ihvriosautm gh he oorfdy i scoruartsthehe,arf n o cusing
onf ormaaflf inaintdti h'eeas u tonommeoaunsio'nf og bsj eFcotusc.au uslettsh tee rm
'disctoomu erasanes 'eo tfs tateamneidnn ttse irnessctrsii n(b tehidas' t,w riitntteaon ' )
whorlaen ogfte e xBtys' .t exhtems e'a,na slk li nodfcs u ltpurroadlu icntcsl,ud doicnug­
menatnspd u blicfartoibmoo nosak,nsn d e wspatpoae drvse rtiasneldme etntsteosrm se;
arhti stohraiveaexn tse ntdhneiodst ioof' nt etxoit n'c orpiomraagtees .
Accordtiotn hgia sp proach, 'ipsrs iemeainst a i cvoimspmln'ee xt woorfk
socioliodgeioclaoalge,is ctahslec,ti iecn,t ific, antharnoldpe ogilanoltg eirceaslt,s political
(thias't,d iscowuhrisfceehsei 'dn) at,no dd e termciunletA usaar d ei.s coiuitrn sveo,l ves,
accortdoFi onugc aaur letl,a tioofpn oswhehirepm; e anfsoe,rx amptlheat,th owsiet hin
Westernw hsooa cniaeltyys ep,a iotnrret ea pcrho,ad v uiceoewft h'ep rimwiotuilbvdye, '
thaicst ibveid toym,in arteisntgr,u acnthdua rviinangug t hoorviettrhy wa ht itchhe dye ­
fianse' primitivteh'te.u roAnftr hoceue nndtt uhrwayht,i wcahds e scraispb reidm itive
1 Thei ssoufeP icasfsior''sestx peroifeA nfcreia'cr ahtna so bseshsiecsdo ntempoarnadhr iise s
biograApshG eorlsd.w a(taemroo ntgh ehrasss)h ow(nP rimiitnMi ovdiesArmrn tp ,. 1a4n4df ollowing),
contemproerpaosrruytg sg deisftf edraetfneotsPr i casfsiorv'siste woifnA gf riwcoarnkS se.ae l sTo. A.
Burga'rPdi,ca ansadsp op roprainaPdt. Li eoing'h,'t Tehwneh, i pteer ainl/d ' naergtPr iec:a psrsiom,i tivism
anadn ti-colonialism'.
2 Sefeo,er x ampEldew,aS radi Odr'ise ntSaa/ieidms pml.Fo oyusc anuolttio'of'sn d iscaosue rxspeo'u nded
inT hAer cheooKfln oogwyl aendDdgi es ciapnPldui nnies h.
INTRODUCTION 5
oftiennc lutdhpeerd o duocfart esc ecnotlloyn ciozuendPt urvtye .rs yi mpalr ye,a doifn g
LeDse moisienldlebettsode ids cotuhresoer y wouldt hmpeel aanyi andsgosswo nc iated
witthhs et yalneid n tenotfti hoienn sd ivairdtuaianslwdt i tthhs eu rfoaftc hepe a inting,
becaiuts ew soeutelh del ma rgaesel fyf oefct thbser oapdoelri dtiisccaolou fcr osleosn ial­
ismi,n clucdoinntge mpWoersatrdeyir snc oounrA sfersiw chaia,cr hie n scrwiibtehtdih ne
paintMiyon wgna. p prowaicblhelt oa cknowsloemdoegft e h aen alyttoiopclrasol v ided
byt hniost ioofdn i scobuurItws iebl,el l ookcilnogsa ethl oywt hmee anionfpg asi ntings
arael asfof ebcytt hecedo ncaenrpndrs o ceosfps aeisn tIwi anngtt.of ocounts h per oblem
ofh owi debaesl,ia enfvdsa luaerasec tu'ailnlsyc irnip abiendt'hi onwdg osc :a usbees­
comeef fecthso,wa rtaehn emdye diattherdot uhgpeha inting?
Thissh odrits cuosfLs eiDsoe nm oiaslerlelsaeudsgy g tehstathtsle a b'eplrsi maintdi ve'
'primiatriev idspemre'op bllye Bmraotaisdcpl.ey a ktihlneag b' eplr imhiatbsie veuens' e d
sinactle e atshntei neteentthod icsetnitncugorunyit sehm pEourraorpsyeo acni aentdi es
theciurl tfurroems sootchieaernt cdiu elst tuhrawetes r teh ecno nsidleecrsiesvd i lized.
Upt ot hmei d-ninceetnetetunhrtteyhe , rw ma asl suose tdod escIrtiablaeni Fdal ne mish
workosft hfeo urtaenefdni tfht ceeenntutrhBi uebtsy t. h teu ronft hcee ntiutsrscy o pe
wase xtentdore edf teoar n ciEegnytp tPiearns,Ii nadni,Ja anv,a nPeesreu,va inadn
Japanese toct uhplert oudruoecfsst o,sc itehtoiuetgsobh et' clotsone art uarnetd'o w, h at
manayr hti stohraivaen sct ah'letl reidab roatfAl f'r iacnadO c ea(ntiihase l aonftd hse
PaciOfciecaT nh)el. a bel 'proinmt ihoteti hvheiarsn mhd'a,,gs e nerbaeleulnsy e tdo
descarW iebset ern iinan,nt doe/rrr eescto nstorfsu,oc ctiideoetnsi iegs'n partiemdi tive',
antdh eairrt efParcitmsi.tt ihveiinssg,m e ,n eruasletldory e fteotr h dei scoounrt shees
'primitive'.
Int hlea ttwee ntcieentthtu hrteye ,r' mp rimhiatbsie vedene' s craisEb uerdo centric,
asr eveaalW iensgt ern-vcieeonwfat nra eldic eunl t(uhreenm cyue s oef i nvecrotme­d
masI)ht.a bse en atrhgmaueter deb lyuy s itnhgwe o r'dp rimirtaittvhheea'ron, n w eh ich
givaeg se ogradpehsiicganloa ftt hiceou nl tiunqr uee st(isouancs' h A frican', 'Egyptian',
'Polynewseai radene 'f)it,nh icanutgl tausdr ief fferroeomnu tr oaws'n p,r imaictciovred'­
intgoo uWre sterno fwn hoatitics oi nv ilTiouz setedh t.ee rimts o m akaeni mplviacliute
judgemeevnettnh, o utghhja utd gecmaeanns ts udmief fdeirsegnutSi ismeicslr.ai rt icisms
cabne m adoeft htee r'mls' naergtr( e''n eagrrtao'n )'d t riabratWl.h'3i tlhete e r'ml 'art
negprree's upapb orsoerasad c ciaatle gaonridysi , n diftfode irfefncetur letnwutir tehsi n
thcea tegoryi,n v'ottlrhvEieeub sra olc'e cnotnrsitocrft u hcuetn civitlriitzbheeoed,p po­
siotre' ,o thteoWr e's tseorcni ety.
Thcea teogfot rh'yeo thheaarsl' sd oo minraetcewedrn itt oinn' gtsph rei miItitis v e'.
ac ritciactaelg( odreyr ifvreopdmo stmotdheeronr y) whiac the nddeestncocr yi bes
misreparneostehnetr cultoubrjeeo,crs t o scogicraioleu atpsdy i,f feorrae lnitae sn ,
someh'oowt hteotr h'we r itoersr p eakoewrnc' usl taunrdee x periTehnecc aetse.g ory
implais eesl f-aiv maangtepa,og iefn rto,wm h icrhe latoifdo infsf earreienn cceo rrectly
perceoirrv eepdr esAesna tc eadt.e gtohretynh,,'e o thiesor f'tu esnet dor efteotr h ose
Westemrynt hasn df antatshireoswu hgihc thh' ep rimiotrni ovne-'W ehsatbsee renn
represienan rattne lddi terature.
WithtihnEi usr opferaanom fer eferceonncceeo,pft t h'sep rimhiatvibeve eeu'ns ed
both and
pejoratiavsaem leya soufrp eo sivtailvDueue r.i tnhlgea ntien etceeennttauh r y,
rangoefc ultural aasnsdpu rmepjtuicdooinncset sr itbout thdeeid s couornts hees
'primiFtotirhv meea 'j.o orfit thbyeo urgpeuobilasitt c h tiism tehw eo rsdi gnibfaicekd­
warudn,c ivipleiozpaelndetd sh eciurl tuArtae t si.mw eh etnh Fer enlcihtk,he Be r itish
anGde rmawnesre,ex tentdhiecniogrl ocnoinaqlu ienAs ftrsai nctdah Seo uSteha asn,d
establishingm uestehunamonsgdv r aarpihfoioucrs mo sfi nstitutainotnharloipzoe­d
logisctauldt yha,er tefoafcc otlso npiezoepdwl eerswe i desleyea nse videonftc hee ir
3 Thtee r'ml 'naergtwr aes'g ivperno minbeyJn ecaLena uidneh iLsa P eintfruarnec; aeit/s 'ea nretg re,
publiisnPh aeridint sh 1 e9 20s.
6 PRIMITIAVNIDTS HME' MODERN'
PlatAel p2h onse-EDtiineenStnu,eL r e tse rrCalcadeieslr ,u naL ea gho(uOant T tehrer aces,
MoonlaitLg ahgth o1u8a9t8d,i)s ,t emopnec ra nva4s6x, 7 3c m.M usedee sB eauAxr tsR,e ims.
© DAC1S9 93.
'barbaric'n autnuocrftie hv,eli ialrcoi kfzc eudl t'uprraolg Trheivssis e'ww.a rse inforced
byt hien crepaospiunlgoa fpr sietuyd o-Datrhweioonrfcii uaelnst euvroallu tion.
Att hsea mtei mmeo,r peo sivtiievwoesf t hees senptuiraialtn ydg oodnoefs s
'primliitbfiyevc ,eo 'n twriatsththd ee cadoefon vcee r-ciWveisltisezorecndi eties, were
gaingirnoguw nidt hEiunr opean-Scuucvlhit euwwreser i.en flubeontcbheyn d o tioofn s
th'en oble (sdaevraiogvfeeti'den d,n i stofrotrfemrd,o tmh wer itoifnt ghesei ghteenth­
centpuhriyl osJoepahne-rJ Raocuqsuseaesna dbu y)w ell-esttarbaldiisothfpie aodsn ­s
torailnai rsatmn ldi terAa stou-rcea'.lp lreidm ittriavdiiestvtio'ol wnvh eidac,sh s ociated
whawte rpee rceaissv iemdpl lieva enssd o ciweittipheu sr tehro ugahntedsx pressions.
FollocweirntRgao imna nntoitcid oenvse lboypt ehdne i neteentGhe-rcmepanhnti ulr­y
osopher Herder t(htairmsao dniagts isooutnmht eehdrta sht e)wr,ae sa r elatiboen­ship
twe'esni mppeloepa'ln emd o rdei roerpc utr iefxiperde sisetix oanlp;te eads aannfdto lk
cultauser vei deonfsc oem kei nodfi nnactree atIinvM iotdye.r rneivsatl uoaft ions
'primairtatin vade r't eftahcetsse, w iedrreeea wso raknedmd o difGiaeudg.u( iawnse
have isosef etnie)dn e ntaistf hiee df irst fmoowrdh eortmnh m iaysrt othfti hs'ets avage'
becatmhteeo uchosfht iopsnh ei losoofap rahtny ld i fe.
Desphiitasev ant-sgtaartGduaesu ,g uwianso noef a h osotfc ontempaorrtairsyt s,
manoyf t hewmo rkiinnm go rter adictoinotneafxlowt rhs o,ma ' primoirto irviee'n tal
subjectw-amsaaf tatsehri oannamdba lrek etoapbtliAeoc na.d4e miscuaclcleys sful artists
sucahsJ ean-GLeeroonmA el,p honse-DEitnaienetJdn u nlee s-JeaLne-cAonmdttuoe i ne
Noiiwye rper oduwcoirnkogsn o rietnhteaml(e Psl a2t,3e )ts h awte raet trawcitdien-g
4 Broasdpleya ktihntege ,r' mtsOh rei eanntd'' t ohrei eanrtmeao lr'ge e ograpshpieccatilhflai'ynct he
primiDteisvpesi'ot.meh e i stosrhiictfahtlesh y,a vbee euns esdi ntchene i netceeenntttuhorr eyf teotr h e
countorfAi seiasan N do rAtfhr iBcuaatsS. a ihdaa sr guienOd r ientWae/sitdseomrc,nt rainntdeh sea sbeosu t
thOer iehnatvh ee lpteodd e fine (Eoutrrh Weoe pseat s)i tcsu ltural 'oOprpioesnitisaat s leti:ys olmfe
thoubgahstue pdo anno ntoloagneidpc iaslt emologimcaadlbe e dtiws"etteihOnner c iteainnot(dn"m oosft
thtei m"et)Oh cec id(epn.t2")'.