Table Of Contenti
Primates in Flooded Habitats
Ecology and Conservation
Nearly half the world’s primate species use flooded habitats at one time or another, from swamp-
going Congo gorillas and mangrove-e ating proboscis monkeys, to uacaris in Amazonian river-
side forests. This first- ever volume on the subject brings together experts from around the world
in a ground- breaking volume spanning fossil history, current biology, and future research and
conservation priorities. Flooded habitats are a vital part of tropical biology, both for the diver-
sity of the species they house, and the complexity of their ecological interactions, but are often
completely overlooked.
This book will set the stage for a new wave of research on primates in these extraordinarily
productive and highly threatened areas, and is ideal for researchers and graduate students in
primatology, zoology, ecology, and conservation.
Katarzyna Nowak is a Research Associate at the University of the Free State, Qwaqwa campus, South
Africa and a Fellow at The Safina Center in New York. Her conservation research focuses on the behav-
ioural flexibility of threatened species.
Adrian A. Barnett is Lecturer and Researcher at the National Institute for Amazon Research, Brazil, and
the Federal University of Amazonas, Brazil, and a Research Fellow at Roehampton University, UK. He has
worked with flooded habitats and their primates for more than 25 years.
Ikki Matsuda is an Associate Professor at the Chubu University Academy of Emerging Sciences and a
member of both the Japan Monkey Centre (Advisor) and the Wildlife Research Center of Kyoto University
(specially appointed Associate Professor) in Japan. He focuses on a synthetic understanding of the evolu-
tion and ecology of colobine species, in particular of the proboscis monkey.
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Primates in Flooded Habitats
Ecology and Conservation
Edited by
Katarzyna Nowak
University of the Free State, South Africa
Adrian A. Barnett
National Institute for Amazon Research, Brazil
Ikki Matsuda
Chubu University/Kyoto University/Japan Monkey Centre, Japan
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DOI: 10.1017/ 9781316466780
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Contents
List of Contributors page ix
Foreword xv
Acknowledgements xvii
Part I – Introduction 8 Mangrove- living Primates in the Neotropics:
An Ecological Review 54
1 Editors’ Introduction 1 Ricardo Rodrigues dos Santos and LeAndra Luecke
Katarzyna Nowak, Adrian A. Barnett and Bridgeman
Ikki Matsuda
9 The Role of Tools in the Feeding Ecology of Bearded
2 Flooded and Riparian Habitats in the Capuchins Living in Mangroves 59
Tropics: Community Definitions and Ecological Ricardo Rodrigues dos Santos, Arrilton Araújo de Sousa,
Summaries 2 Dorothy M. Fragaszy and Renata Gonçalves Ferreira
Amy C. Bennett, Pia Parolin, Leandro V. Ferreira,
10 Use of Mangrove Habitats by Sapajus flavius
Ikki Matsuda and Neil D. Burgess
Assessed by Vocalization Surveys 64
3 Fossil Primates from Flooded Habitats: Monique Bastos, Karolina Medeiros, Antonio Souto, Gareth
The Antiquity of an Association 10 Jones and Bruna M. Bezerra
Matt Sponheimer, James E. Loudon and
11 Mangrove Forests as a Key Habitat for the
Michaela E. Howells
Conservation of the Critically Endangered Yellow-
4 Comparison of Plant Diversity and Phenology of breasted Capuchin, Sapajus xanthosternos, in the
Riverine and Mangrove Forests with Those of the Brazilian Northeast 68
Dryland Forest in Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia 15 Raone Beltrão- Mendes and Stephen F. Ferrari
Ikki Matsuda, Miyabi Nakabayashi, Yosuke Otani,
12 Primates of African Mangroves 77
Yap Sau Wai, Augustine Tuuga, Anna Wong,
Josephine Head, Aoife Healy and Katarzyna Nowak
Henry Bernard, Serge A. Wich and Takuya Kubo
13 Feeding Ecology of the Proboscis Monkey in Sabah,
5 Lemurs in Mangroves and Other
Malaysia, with Special Reference to Plant
Flooded Habitats 29
Species- Poor Forests 89
Giuseppe Donati, Timothy M. Eppley, José Ralison,
Henry Bernard, Ikki Matsuda, Goro Hanya, Mui- How
Jacky Youssouf and Jörg U. Ganzhorn
Phua, Felicity Oram and Abdul Hamid Ahmad
6 Survey and Study Methods for Flooded Habitat
14 Ebony Langurs in Mangrove and Beach Forests of
Primatology 33
Java, Bali and Lombok 99
Adrian A. Barnett, Joseph E. Hawes, Antonio R. Mendes
Vincent Nijman
Pontes, Viviane M. Guedes Layme, Janice Chism,
Robert B. Wallace, Nayara de Alecântara Cardoso, 15 Mangrove: Possible Vector for Tarsier Dispersal
Stephen F. Ferrari, Raone Beltrão- Mendes, Barth Wright, Across Open Ocean 105
Torbjørn Haugaasen, Rose Marie Hoare, Susan M. Cheyne, Myron Shekelle, Joan Stevenson, Blair Kaufer,
Bruna M. Bezerra, Ikki Matsuda and Ricardo Rodrigues Steven Stilwell and Agus Salim
dos Santos
16 Primates in the Sundarbans of India and
Bangladesh 110
Part II – Primates of Mangrove and Jayanta Kumar Mallick
Coastal Forests 17 Behavioural Ecology of Mangrove Primates
and Their Neighbours 124
7 Worldwide Patterns in the Ecology of
Ricardo Rodrigues dos Santos, LeAndra Luecke Bridgeman,
Mangrove- living Monkeys and Apes 45 Jatna Supriatna, Rondang Siregar, Nurul Winarni and
Katarzyna Nowak and Rebecca Coles Roberta Salmi
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Contents
Part III – Beach Primates 28 Primate Community Structure at Three Flooded
Forest Sites in Guyana 226
18 Maritime Macaques: Ecological Background of Christopher A. Shaffer, Barth Wright and Kristin Wright
Seafood Eating by Wild Japanese Macaques
29 Primates of the Peat Swamp in Borneo and
(Macaca fuscata) 135
Sumatra 236
Yamato Tsuji and Nobuko Kazahari
Susan M. Cheyne, Marcel Quinten and Keith Hodges
19 Long- tailed Macaque Stone Tool Use in Intertidal
30 Primates of Africa’s Coastal Deltas and Their
Habitats 144
Conservation 244
Michael D. Gumert, Amanda Tan and Suchinda
Thomas M. Butynski and Yvonne A. de Jong
Malaivijitnond
31 Primates of Riverine and Gallery Forests:
20 The Ecology of Chacma Baboon Foraging in the
A Worldwide Overview 259
Marine Intertidal Zone of the Cape Peninsula,
Shawn Lehman, Kerriann McCoogan and Adrian
South Africa 148
A. Barnett
Matthew C. Lewis and M. Justin O’Riain
32 Life- history Traits and Group Dynamic in Black
and Gold Howler Monkeys in Flooded Forests of
Part IV – Swamp Primates
Northern Argentina 263
Martin M. Kowalewski, Romina Pavé, Vanina A.
21 Primates and Flooded Forest in the Colombian
Fernández, Mariana Raño and Gabriel E. Zunino
Llanos 153
Xyomara Carretero- Pinzon and Thomas R. Defler 33 Riverine Red- tails: Preliminary Data on Forest
Guenons in a Savanna Woodland Habitat in the Issa
22 Primates of the South American Pantanal
Valley, Ugalla, Western Tanzania 270
Wetland: Seasonal Effects on Their Habitats and
Simon Tapper, Caspian Johnson, Anna Lenoël, Alexander
Habits 163
Vining, Fiona A. Stewart and Alex K. Piel
Cleber J.R. Alho and Fernando C. Passos
34 Consequences of Lakeside Living for the Diet
23 Endangered Range- restricted Flooded Savanna
and Social Ecology of the Lake Alaotran Gentle
Titi Monkey Endemics Plecturocebus modestus and
Lemur 276
P. olallae: Identifying Areas Vulnerable to Excess
Patrick O. Waeber, Fidimalala B. Ralainasolo, Jonah
Flooding, Fire and Deforestation in Southwestern
H. Ratsimbazafy and Caroline M. Nievergelt
Beni Department, Bolivia 172
Teddy Marcelo Siles Lazzo, Robert B. Wallace and 35 Non- leaping Slow Lorises: Ecological Constraints of
Jesus Martinez Living in Flooded Habitats 279
Anna Nekaris, Denise Spaan and Vincent Nijman
24 Use of Swamp and Riverside Forest by Eastern and
Western Gorillas 184
Juichi Yamagiwa, Yuji Iwata, Chieko Ando and Part VI – Conservation Case Studies
A.K. Basabose
36 Dams: Implications of Widespread Anthropic
25 Use of Inundated Habitats by Great Apes in the
Flooding for Primate Populations 285
Congo Basin: A Case Study of Swamp Forest Use
Amy Harrison- Levine, Herbert H. Covert, Marilyn
by Bonobos at Wamba, Democratic Republic of
A. Norconk, Ricardo Rodrigues dos Santos, Adrian
the Congo 195
A. Barnett and Philip Fearnside
Saeko Terada, Janet Nackoney, Tetsuya Sakamaki,
Mbangi Norbert Mulavwa, Takakazu Yumoto and 37 Hapalemur alaotrensis: A Conservation Case Study
Takeshi Furuichi from the Swamps of Alaotra, Madagascar 293
Patrick O. Waeber, Jonah H. Ratsimbazafy, Herizo
26 Differences in Population Density of Orangutan
Andrianandrasana, Fidimalala B. Ralainasolo and
Between Flooded and Non- flooded Forests 212
Caroline M. Nievergelt
Tomoko Kanamori, Noko Kuze and Shiro Kohshima
38 Landscape Genetics Applied to the Conservation
of Primates in Flooded Forests: A Case Study of
Part V – Primates in Freshwater
Orangutans in the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife
Flooded Forests Sanctuary 297
Milena Salgado- Lynn, Mohammad Fairus B. Jalil, Lounès
27 Primates in Amazonian Flooded Habitats 217 Chikhi, Marc Ancrenaz, Laurentius N. Ambu, Michael
Adrian A. Barnett W. Bruford and Benoît Goossens
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Contents
39 African Flooded Areas as Refuge Habitats 304 45 Conservation of Primates and Their Flooded Habitats
Anh Galat- Luong, Gerard Galat, Rebecca Coles and in the Neotropics 359
Jan Nizinski Sarah A. Boyle, Cleber J.R. Alho, Janice Chism, Thomas
R. Defler, Anthony Di Fiore, Eduardo Fernandez- Duque,
40 Diversity and Conservation of Primates in
Erwin Palacios, Ricardo Rodrigues dos Santos, Christopher
the Flooded Forests of Southern Nigeria 315
A. Shaffer, Claudia Regina da Silva, Bernardo Urbani,
Lynne R. Baker and John F. Oates
Robert Wallace, Barth Wright, Kristin Wright, Bruno de
41 Mamirauá Reserve: Primate- based Flooded Forest Freitas Xavier and Adrian A. Barnett
Conservation in the Amazon 326
Nelissa Peralta, Hani R. El Bizri, Fernanda P. Paim and
João Valsecchi
42 Primates in Flooded Forests of Borneo: References 375
Opportunities and Challenges for Ecotourism Index 443
as a Conservation Strategy 331
Stanislav Lhota, Katherine S.S. Scott and John Chih Colour plates can be found between pages 174 and 175.
Mun Sha
Part VII – Conservation, Threats and Status
43 Conservation Value of Africa’s Flooded Habitats to
Non- human Primates 341
Katarzyna Nowak, Fiona Maisels, Lynne R. Baker and
Hugo Rainey
44 Southeast Asian Primates in Flooded Forests 347
John Chih Mun Sha, Shun Deng Fam and Andie Hui
Fang Ang
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