Presentation

85 Pages·2014·0.58 MB·English

Aldehydes & Ketones
HH
Aldehydes are compounds having general formula
RR== HH,, CCHH ,, CC HH ,, CC HH ,, eettcc……
RR CC OO
33 22 55 66 55
R C R
Ketones are compRou=nCdsH hav,iCng gHene,r aCl foHrmu leatc...
3 2 5 6 5
O
Slide 2
IUPAC names of Aldehydes
Formula Common Name IUPAC Name
HCHO Fomaldehyde Methanal
33
CCHH CCHHOO AAcceettaallddeehhyyddee EEtthhaannaall
3 2
CH CH CHO Propionaldehyde Propanal
3 2
CH CH CH2CHO Butyraldehyde Butanal
3 2
(CH ) CHCHO Isobutyraldehyde 2-Methylpropanal
Slide 3
IUPAC names of Aldehydes
Formula Common Name IUPAC Name
2
CH =CH-CHO Acrolein Prop–2–enal
33
CCHH CCHH==CCHH--CCHHOO CCrroottoonnaallddeehhyyddee BBuutt--22--eennaall
6 5
C H CH=CH-CHO Cinnamaldehyde 3-Phenylprop-2-enal
6 5
C H CHO Benzaldehyde Benzaldehyde
6 4 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde
C H (OH)CHO Salicyaldehyde
Slide 4
IUPAC Names of Ketones
Formula Common Name IUPAC Name
3 3
CH COCH Acetone Propanone
33 22 33
CCHH CCOOCCHH CCHH EEtthhyyll mmeetthhyyll kkeettoonnee BBuuttaannoonnee
3 2 2 3
CH CH COCH CH Diethyl ketone Pentan-3-one
3 2 2 3
CH COCH CH CH Methyl propyl ketone Pentan-2-one
Methyl phenyl ketone or
6 5 3
C H COCH 1-phenylethanone
Acetophenone
Diphenyl ketone or
6 5 6 5
C H COC H Benzophenone
Benzophenone
Slide 5


Structure of Carbonyl group

CC OO
oo
CC OO
112200
oo
112200
22
SSpp -- hhyybbrriiddiisseedd
The carbon- oxygen double bond is polarized due to higher
+ -
electro negativity of oxygen than carbon. C -O
Hence Nucleophile
C O
Electrophile
Slide 6

From oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols
HH
OOHH HH
PPCCCC
RR CC OOHH RR CC OOHH RR CC OO ++HH OO
22
[[OO]]
HH
HH
KMnO4/KOH
2
R-CH(OH)-R’ R-CO-R’ + H O
Slide 8
By dehydrogenation of alcohols
HH
HH
CCooppppeerr
RR CC OOHH
RR CC OO ++ HH
22
oo
330000 CC
HH
Cu/573K
2
R-CH(OH)-R’ R-CO-R’ + H O
Slide 9
From alkene by ozonolysis
HH
ZZnn
RR CCHH CCHH22 ++ OO33 RR CCHH CCHH22 RR CC OO ++ CCHH22OO
HH OO
OO OO 22
OO
Slide 10