Prescriptions for a Healthy House, 3rd Edition: A Practical Guide for Architects, Builders & Homeowners

351 Pages·2008·100.31 MB·English

by  Paula Baker-Laporte

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Advance praise for
Prescriptions for a Healthy House
Modern culture has many benefits but all too frequently convenience and costs
are exchanged for health. It's true for food and it is every bit as true for our shelter.
The authors have compiled the most authoritative reference in the field of how to
build your home or office to maximize its benefit for your health. I have used this
book in the construction of my home and office and highly recommend it.
- Dr. Mercola, Founder www.mercola.com.
world's most visited natural health site
Prescriptions for a Healthy House contains must-have information for those of us
who wish to live safer, healthier, and more sustainable lives in our new or existing
home environments. The authors offer a wealth of information, resources, and
careful advice and specifications on a wide variety of helpful topics.
- Allison Friedman, cofounder, Rate It Green
www.rateitgreen.com
Living a truly healthy lifestyle involves more than eating well and exercising. It
includes living that lifestyle in a healthy home. This revolutionary book explains
why that's so important and how to make it happen. Prescriptions for a Healthy
House is fascinating and practical, and gives you the life-changing, health-giving
information you need in a clear, personable way. Deep bows to the authors.
- Marilynn Preston, creator and author of "Energy Express:'
the longest-running syndicated fitness column in the US
Wedding baubiologie with beauty, this book is the foremost authority on creat
ing healthy, nurturing homes. I refer to Prescriptions for a Healthy House on an
almost daily basis.
- Robyn Griggs Lawrence
Editor-in-Chief, Natural Home magazine
PRE S C RIP T ION S for
I
A PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR
Architects, Builders & Homeowners
Paula Baker-Laporte, FAIA
Erica Elliott, MD and John Banta, CAIH
THIRD REVISED EDITION
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NEW SOCIETY PUBLISHERS
CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA:
A catalog record for this publication is available from
the National Library of Canada.
Copyright © 2008 by Paula Baker-Laporte, John Banta and Erica Elliott.
All rights reserved.
Cover design by Diane McIntosh. Images: iStock.
Printed in Canada.
First printing April 2008.
Paperback ISBN: 978-0-86571-604-9
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This book is dedicated
to the millions ofp eople
who are chronically ill
from indoor environmental exposures.
May we be forewarned
and learn from your suffering.
Contents
Acknowledgments ...................................... . xv
..
Foreword by Helmut Ziehe ............................... .
XVll
.
Preface ................................................ .
XXI
Part I Overview
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
How Much More Will It Cost to Build a Healthy Home? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Sources of Indoor Pollution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Volatile Organic Compounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Toxic Byproducts of Combustion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Pesticides . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . ... . . . ... . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . ..... .. . .. .. 7
Case Study 1: Acute Exposure to Pesticides with
Long-Term Consequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Case Study 2: Chronic Illness from "Harmless" Pesticide . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Electromagnetic Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Case Study 3: Chronic Illness from Repeated Low-Level
Pesticide Exposure ....................................... 11
Naturally Occurring Pollutants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Case Study 4: Chronic Illness from Acute Exposure
to Virulent Mold Species .................................. 16
Case Study 5: Asthma Related to Mold Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Strategies for Creating a Healthy Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Designing for Health. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Something in My Home is Making Me Sick:
General Testing Protocols by Will Spates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Case Study 6: The Relationship Between Allergies
and Chemical Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
My Air Smells Bad! What Can I Do? by Larry Gust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Employing a Climate-Based Understanding for
Construction Detailing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Reducing Toxic Emissions Through Choice of Building Materials. . . . . 27
Introducing Quality Control Measures During Construction. . . . . . . . . 29
Providing Occupant Education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Case Study 7: Fragrant Fumes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Further Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Retail Outlets and Catalog Distributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
VII
Part II Specification
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Division 1 General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Statement ofIntent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Coordination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Special Project Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Procedures to Prevent Insect and Rodent Infestation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Quality Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Case Study 1.1: A Mishandled Spill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Signage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Prohibited Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Product Substitution Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Product Evaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
What an MSDS Will Not Tell You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
How an MSDS Can Be a Useful Tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
General Cleanup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Commercial Cleaning Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Case Study 1.2: Toxic Fumes from Cleaning Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Maintaining a Healthy Home by Athena Thompson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Household Cleaning Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Common Household Products That Clean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Contract Close-Out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Further Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Division 2 Site Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Site Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Professional Assistance in Site Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Earth Energies: Choosing the Right Site by J. David McAuley. . . . . . . . . . 64
Phase 1 Environmental Inspector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Geotechnical Consultant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Septic Engineer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Water Quality Specialist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Site Clearing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Soil Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Pavement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Further Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
VIII Prescriptions for a Healthy House
Division 3 Concrete... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Components of Concrete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Aggregate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Magnesium-Based Cements by George Swanson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Admixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Slab Reinforcement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Stem Wall Reinforcement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Form Release Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Concrete Curing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Concrete Finishes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Slab and Stem Wall Treatment and Detailing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Further Reading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Division 4 Earth Masonry and Other Alternatives
to Frame Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
The Breathing Wall Concept: Misconceptions by Katharina Gustavs . . . . 80
Methods of Earth Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Earth Block Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Cob and Other Wet Clay Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Rammed Earth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Light Clay Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Other Alternative Building Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Straw Bale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Pumice-Crete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Wood Insulated Concrete Forms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Aerated Autoclaved Concrete ................................... 94
Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Further Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Division 5 Metals................................................. 99
Oil Residue on Metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Metals and Conductivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Metal Termite Shielding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Division 6 Wood and Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 101
Use of Sustainably Harvested Wood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1
Health Concerns with Wood Frame Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Wood Selection and Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Contents
IX
Wood Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Case Study 6.1: Pesticide-Treated Lumber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Wood Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Wood Adhesives .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Rough Carpentry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Sill Plates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Framing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Sheathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Finish Carpentry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Medium Density Fiberboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III
Cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Alternatives to Hardwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Case Study 6.2: The Radioactive Countertop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Countertops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Chart 6.1: Countertop Comparisons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Division 7 Thermal and Moisture Control ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 117
Foundation Water Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Installation of Perimeter Drainage .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Dampproofing for Foundation Walls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Creating a Capillary Break. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Soil Gas Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Case Study 7.1: How Radon First Came to the Attention
of the US Public. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Radon Gas Infiltration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Water Vapor Infiltration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Soil Gas Mitigation and Prevention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Water Management at Doors and Windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Case Study 7.2: A Radon-Control Retrofit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Thermal Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Moisture Problems Associated with Building Insulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Remedying a Mold Problem by Dan Stih . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Insulation Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Insulation Over Exposed Beam Ceilings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Insulation Around Doors and Windows .......................... 130
Case Study 7.3: Moist Soil in Crawl Space Causes Ceiling Damage. . . . 130
Air Barriers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Roofing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Sloped Roofing Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Roofing Underlayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Membrane Roofing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
x Prescriptions for a Healthy House
J
oint Sealants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Further Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Division 8 Openings............................................... 137
Wood Doors .................................................... 137
Standard Manufactured Doors .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Custom Wood Doors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Window and Door Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Moisture Problems Associated with Windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Wood Window Frames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Weatherstripping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Division 9 Finishes................................................ 141
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Plaster. . . . .. ... . . .. . .. ... . . .. . .. ... . . .. . .. ... . . ... .. . .. . . ... .. . . 141
Case Study9.1: Immune Dysfunction Related to
Formaldehyde Exposure in the Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Clay -Based Plasters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Plaster Finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Gypsum Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Gypsum Board Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Creating an Air Barrier with Gypsum Board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Alternatives to Gypsum Board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Tile ........................................................... 149
Underlayment for Ceramic Tile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Grouts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Sealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Stone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Stone Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Sealers for Stone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Flooring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Flooring Installation Over Concrete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Wood Flooring... . . .. . .. ... . . .. . .. ... . . .. . .. . .. . . ... .. . .. . . ... 155
Case Study 9.2: A Very Hot Bed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Bamboo Flooring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Resilient Flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Carpeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Case Study 9.3: Toddler Made Severely III by Carpet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Wet-Applied Finish Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Contents
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