Table Of ContentPrejudice, Identity and
Well-Being
This essential and timely text looks at the ways in which various identities are
socially constructed by students, exploring and comparing multiple
dimensions of diverse identities, and the various ways students try to fit in
when faced with prejudice and discrimination.
Based on more than 20 years of data collected from Multiple Identities
Questionnaires, plus Self-Identity papers in the author’s Diverse Identities course,
this book gives voice to the diverse and intersectional identities experienced by
students at a formative time in their lives. Analyzing data from more than
3000 college students, the book gives a uniquely comprehensive overview of
identity formation, stigma, prejudice, and discrimination, which are part of
conflict around the world. Author Charles T. Hill asks to what extent the
students have experienced prejudice or discrimination regarding each of their
identities, their own prejudice and discrimination toward others of each
identity, and the importance of each type of identity for their self-concept.
Split into three sections: the first part of the book gives an overview of
terminologies and theoretical concepts, the second part explores the multiple
dimensions of each identity using data from the MIQ interspersed with quotes
from Self-Identity papers, and the third part compares and combines the
different types of identities. Introduced with a foreword by Professor
Emeritus of Africana Studies James M. Jones, the book opens a space to
help students and others explore their identities, realize that they are not
alone in their struggles with prejudice, and accept themselves with pride in
their identities.
Featuring highlighted key concepts and self-reflection sections, as well as
further reading, measures, and statistical results, this book is essential not only
for undergraduate and graduate students in social psychology, health psychology,
sociology, ethnic studies, and social work, but also for therapists, parents,
teachers and practitioners running Diversity Training Programs for non-students.
Charles T. Hill is Professor of Psychology at Whittier College, California,
where he won the Nerhood Teaching Excellence Award. He has a PhD in
Social Psychology from Harvard University and is a member of Phi
Beta Kappa, the American Psychological Association, and the American
Sociological Association.
Foreword by James M. Jones, Director of the Center for the Study of
Diversity and the Trustees’ Distinguished Professor of Psychology and
Africana Studies at the University of Delaware.
Prejudice, Identity and
Well-Being
Voices of Diversity Among College
Students
Charles T. Hill
Whittier College, California
First published 2022
by Routledge
605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158
and by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2022 Charles T. Hill
The right of Charles T. Hill to be identified as author of this work has
been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or
other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval
system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Hill, Charles T., 1943- author.
Title: Prejudice, identity and well-being : voices of diversity among
college students / Charles T. Hill, Whittier College, California ;
foreword by James M. Jones.
Description: First Edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2022. |
Includes bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2021048283 (print) | LCCN 2021048284 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781032114132 (paperback) | ISBN 9781032115801 (hardback) |
ISBN 9781003220558 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Group identity. | Youth--Psychology. | Prejudices.
Classification: LCC HM753 .H54 2022 (print) | LCC HM753 (ebook) |
DDC 305--dc23/eng/20211122
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021048283
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021048284
ISBN: 978-1-032-11580-1 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-11413-2 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-22055-8 (ebk)
DOI: 10.4324/9781003220558
Typeset in Perpetua
by MPS Limited, Dehradun
A female student in a Diverse Identities class wrote:
“This is what many people do while in college.
They transition from confused high schoolers,
who always felt the need to try to fit in,
to avoid being picked on for their differences,
to young adults, who are slowly discovering
who they are and who they want to be.”
Contents
Figures ix
Foreword by James M. Jones x
Acknowledgments xiv
PART I
Overviews 1
Introduction: Why Was This Book Written? 3
1 How Is Prejudice Related to Other Concepts? 11
2 How Are Identities Developed and Changed? 32
3 How Do Identities Intersect to Impact Well-Being? 46
4 How Were Voices of Diversity Studied? 54
PART II
Types of Identities 65
5 Racial-Ethnic Identities 67
6 Social Class Identities 97
7 Immigrant Generation and Language Identities 117
8 Religious Identities 134
9 Gender Identities 158
10 Sexual Identities 185
11 Family and Dating Identities 227
viii Contents
12 Age Identities 251
13 School and Athletic Identities 270
14 Disability Identities 285
15 Body Image Identities 297
16 Geographic and Place Identities 309
17 Political Identities 322
18 Bullies and Victims 333
PART III
Comparing Identities 339
19 Importance of Identities 341
20 Comparing Prejudices 352
21 Models of Prejudice and Well-Being 362
22 Changes over the Years 369
Epilogue: Implications 377
References 380
First Person Accounts 393
Diverse Identities Films 396
Student Presentations 399
Index 400
Figures
4.1 Intersectionality of Identities 60
4.2 Comparison of Group Distributions 61
4.3 Model of Pride and Well-Being 63
9.1 Assumed Versus Actual Gender Differences 164
21.1 Model for Ethnic Identity 363
21.2 Model for Religious Identity 364
21.3 Model for Gender Identity 365
21.4 Model for Sexual Identity 366
21.5 Model for Weight Identity 367
