Prehistoric Exchange Systems in North America

459 Pages·1994·12.87 MB·English

by  Jonathon E. Ericson

Prehistoric
Exchange Systems in
North America
INTERDISCIPLINARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO ARCHAEOLOGY
Series Editor: MichaelJochim, University of Califa mi a, Santa Barbara
Founding Editor: Roy S. Dickens, Late of University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Current Volumes in This Series:
THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST AND MESOAMERICA
Systems of Prehistoric Exchange
Edited by Jonathon E. Ericson and Timothy G. Baugh
THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF GENDER
Separating the Spheres in Urban America
Diana diZerega Wall
EARLY HUNTER-GATHERERS OF THE CALIFORNIA COAST
Jon M. Erlandson
ETHNOHISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY
Approaches to Postcontact Change in the Americas
Edited by J. Daniel Rogers an Samuel M. Wilson
FROM KOSTENSKI TO CLOVIS
Upper Paleolithic-Paleo-Indian Adaptations
Edited by Olga Soffer and N. D. Praslov
HOUSES AND HOUSEHOLDS
A Comparative Study
Richard E. Blanton
ORIGINS OF ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMANS
Edited by Matthew H. Nitecki and Doris V. Nitecki
POTTERY FUNCTION
A Use-Alteration Perspective
James M. Skibo
PREHISTORIC EXCHANGE SYSTEMS IN NORTH AMERICA
Edited by Timothy G. Baugh and Jonathon E. Ericson
RESOURCES, POWER, AND INTERREGIONAL INTERACTION
Edited by Edward M. Schortman and Patricia A. Urban
SPACE, TIME, AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL LANDSCAPES
Edited by Jacqueline Rossignol and LuAnn Wandsnider
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery
of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual
shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.
Prehistoric
Exchange Systems in
North America
Edited by
TIMOTHY G. BAUGH
Western Cultural Resource Management, Inc.
Farmington, New Mexico
and
JONATHON E. ERICSON
University of California, Irvine
Irvine, California
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
On file
ISBN 978-1-4419-3240-2 ISBN 978-1-4757-6231-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-6231-0
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1994
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1994
AII righ ts reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilm ing, recording, or
otherwise, without written permission rrom the Publisher
TO OUR FAMILIES
Glenda (Poe) Prince Ericson
Hana Christine Ericson
Lindsay Baugh
Geoffrey Baugh
Contributors
Timothy G. Baugh· Western Cultural Resource Management, Inc., Farmington, New
Mexico 87401
Bruce J. Bourque • Maine State Museum, Augusta, Maine 04333
David Brose • The Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2C6
Roy L. Carlson • Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby,
British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
Timothy K. Earle • Institute of Archaeology and Department of Anthropology, Univer
sity of California, Los Angeles, California 90024
jonathan E. Ericson· Department of Environmental Analysis and Design and Depart
ment of Anthropology, University of California, Irvine, California 92717
jerry R. Galm • Department of Geography and Anthropology, Eastern Washington
University, Cheney, Washington 99004
jon L. Gibson • Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of South
western Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504-0198
Richard E. Hughes • Geochemical Research Laboratory, Rancho Cordova, California
95670
Thomas L. jackson • BioSystems Analysis, Inc., Santa Cruz, California 95060
jay K. johnson • Department of Anthropology, University of Mississippi, University,
Mississippi 38677
Robert H. Lafferty III· Mid-Continental Research Associates, Inc., Springdale, Arkan
sas 72765
R. Michael Stewart • Department of Anthropology, Temple University, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19122
Susan C. Vehik • Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman,
Oklahoma 73019
J. V Wright • Archaeological Survey of Canada, Canadian Museum of Civilization,
Hull, Quebec, Canada J8X 4H2
vii
Preface
Regional approaches to the study of prehistoric exchange have generated much new
knowledge about intergroup and regional interactions. Prehistoric Exchange Systems
in North America is the second of two volumes* that seek to proVide current informa
tion regarding regional exchange on a continental basis. From a theoretical perspec
tive these volumes provide important data for the comparative analysis of regional
systems relative to sociopolitical organization from simple hunter-gatherers to those
of complex SOCiopolitical entities like the state. Although individual regional ex
change systems are unique for each region and time period, general patterns emerge
with regard to sociopolitical organization. Of Significant interest to us are the dy
namic processes of change, stability, rate of growth, and collapse of regional ex
change systems relative to SOCiopolitical complexity. Those volumes provide basic
data to further our understanding of prehistoric exchange systems.
This volume presents our current state of knowledge about regional exchange
systems in North America excluding the American Southwest and Mesoamerica.
Each chapter synthesizes the research findings of a number of other researchers in
order to provide a synchronic view of regional interaction for a specific chronologi
cal period. A diachronic view is also provided for regional interaction in the context
of the developments in regional SOCiopolitical organization. Most authors go beyond
description by proposing alternative models within which to understand the region
al systems.
The volume is organized by geographical and chronological divisions to pro
vide units of the broader mosaic of prehistoric exchange systems. This space-time
arrangement was selected because it parallels the diSCiplinary organization of New
World archaeology. Also, regional speCialists will be able to understand the inter
digitation between adjoining regional systems.
The volume is organized into four parts. The introductory chapter summarizes
and integrates each chapter in the volume into its regional context. The second part
includes seven chapters on prehistoric exchange systems of eastern North America
'The first volume is The American Southwest and Mesoamerica: Systems of Prehistoric Change, eds. Jonathon
E. Ericson and Timothy G. Baugh (New York: Plenum Press, 1993)
ix
x PREFACE
from Paleoindian through Contact periods. The third part contains five chapters on
prehistoric exchange and trade in the North American West from Paleoindian
through Contact periods. The fourth part offers an evaluation of the volume and
develops an evolutionary model. The volume demonstrates that archaeologists are
continuing to refine their concepts and to use economic models to better understand
prehistoric exchange. Although regional syntheses are presented by the authors
herein, it is evident that much research needs to be done in future decades. The
identification of future research requirements and problems was one of the main
objectives of undertaking the writing of both volumes. Hopefully, future research
will focus on a more detailed analysis of the strategies of procurement, production,
transportation, and consumption in the context of sociopolitical organization. Such
research will allow us to better understand the general as well as specific patterns of
regional exchange systems and their variations.
The volume is addressed to archaeologists, economic anthropologists, and eco
nomic geographers who are interested in non-Western economic systems develop
ment. Although the volume is not written as a text, it can be used as an advanced
text for courses in North American archaeology and economic anthropology.
The concept for this book and its companion volume arose during the 1986
meetings of the Society for American Archaeology held in Toronto, Canada. During
those meetings a symposium was held on the topic of North American exchange
systems and was designed to advance our current state of knowledge drawn from
academic and contract research projects. The latter often provide a "gray" literature
that is not published widely in the national or international literature. The initial
volume was determined to be too long upon first submission to Plenum Press. It was
decided to create a two-volume sequence, with the first volume focusing on the Amer
ican Southwest and Mesoamerica, the second on the remainder of North America.
Many of the contributors to these volumes did participate in the symposium.
But because the symposium, as organized, had some serious prehistoric culture and
geographical gaps, additional authors were asked to contribute to the volume to
remedy this problem.
Each paper was submitted to two or three outside peer reviewers and revised
prior to its final acceptance for inclusion in the volumes. As a result, this volume is
technically a peer-reviewed, edited volume with the option of rejection reserved by
the editors. In addition, two discussants at the Toronto meetings, the late Cynthia
Irwin-Williams and James B. Griffin, provided useful comments and discussion
concerning these papers. During the meeting held after the symposium, Dr. Griffin
noted the monumental task being undertaken for publication and doubted that such
an endeavor would be successful. After much hard work on the part of the authors
and the editors, however, we are able to present the reader with the information
presented in the following pages. Meanwhile, we have gained full appreciation of
Dr. Griffin's skepticism in this final volume.
Acknowledgments
The editors and authors gratefully acknowledge the comments of the following peer
reviewers who made this volume possible. We hope that other editors will choose
the option of external peer review in order to overcome one of the standing criti
cisms of edited volumes by many academics.
Robert E. Ackerman • Department of Anthropology, Washington State University,
Pullman, Washington 99164-4910
C. Melvin Aikens • Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene,
Oregon 97403
Robert E. Bell • 1120 Berry Circle, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
David S. Brose • Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2C6
Jefferson Chapman • Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knox-
ville, Tennessee 37996-3200
Jay F. Custer • Department of Anthropology, University of Delaware, Newark, Dela
ware 19716
Stephen Davis • St. Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
William W Fitzhugh • Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution, Wash
ington, D.C. 20560
David A. Fredrickson • Anthropological Studies Center, Sonoma State University,
Rohnert Park, California 94828
Richard W Jefferies • Program for Cultural Resource Assessment, University of Ken
tucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0100
Susan Kaplan • Department of Anthropology, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine
04011
Geoffrey Lehmann • Division of Historic Preservation, Box 571, Jackson, Mississippi
39205
R. Lee Lyman • Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia,
Missouri 65211
R. G. Matson • Department of Anthropology and SOciology, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B2
xi
xii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Clement W Meighan • Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los
Angeles, California 90024
Jerald T. M. Milanich· Florida Museum of Natural History, Department of Anthropol
ogy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
Donald Mitchel • Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Brit
ish Columbia, Canada V8W 2Y2
Michael]. Moratto· INFOTEC Research, Inc., Fresno, California 93711
George Odell • Department of Anthropology, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
74104
Bruce Smith • Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington,
D.C. 39205
Vincas P. Steponaitis • Research Laboratory of Anthropology, University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3120
Bruce G. Trigger· Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montreal, Que
bec, Canada H3A 2T7
James A. Tuck· Department of Anthropology, Memorial University of Newfoundland,
St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1C 557
John A. Walthall • Illinois Department of Transportation, Springfield, Illinois 62764
Clarence Webb • 3904 Creswell Road, Shreveport, Louisiana 71106
W Raymond Wood • Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia,
Missouri 65211