Preface 1 Edgar Allan Poe and the Detective Story Narrative

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Notes
Preface
1. If one already exists it has escaped my exhaustive researches, and so to its
authorIofferanunreservedapologyontwogrounds:firstlyforanyoversight
onmypartandsecondly,becauseIwoulddearlylovetohavereadit!
2. Robert Champigny, What Will Have Happened (Bloomington, University of
Indiana,1977),p.13.
3. DennisPorter,ThePursuitofCrime:ArtandIdeologyinDetectiveFiction(New
Haven:YaleUniversityPress,1981),p.87.
4. Stephen Knight, Form and Ideology in Crime Fiction (London: Macmillan,
1980),p.3.
5. Patricia Merivale and Susan Sweeney, ‘The Game’s Afoot’, in Detecting
Texts: The Metaphysical Detective Story from Poe to Modernism, ed. by Patricia
MerivaleandSusanSweeney(Philadelphia:UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress,
1999),p.2.
6. Foracomprehensivebibliographicalsurveyoflockedroomstories,seeRobert
Adey,LockedRoomMurdersandOtherImpossibleCrimes:AComprehensiveBib-
liography (Minneapolis:CrossoverPress,1991).Thisisawell-researchedand
invaluable‘bible’tohaveatone’sfingertips.
1 EdgarAllanPoeandtheDetectiveStoryNarrative
1. Donald A. Yates, ‘An Essay on Locked Rooms’, in The Mystery Writer’s Art,
ed.FrancisM.Nevins,Jr.(BowlingGreen:BowlingGreenUniversityPopular
Press,1970),p.273.
2. G. W. F. Hegel, ‘The Life of Jesus’, Three Essays, 1793–1795: The Tubingen
Essay, Berne Fragments, The Life of Jesus, ed. and trans. Peter Fuss and John
Dobbins(NotreDame:UniversityofNotreDamePress,1984),p.75.
3. J. Gerald Kennedy, Poe, Death and the Life of Writing (New Haven: Yale
UniversityPress,1987),p.119.
4. The Letters of Edgar Allan Poe, ed. John Ward Ostrom (New York: Gordian
Press,1966),p.328.
5. Stephen Knight, Crime Fiction since 1800: Detection, Death, Diversity
(Basingstoke:PalgraveMacmillan,2010),pp.24–5.
6. François Eugène Vidocq, Memoirs of Vidocq: Master of Crime, ed. and trans.
EdwinGileRich(Edinburgh:AKPress/Nabat,2003).
7. SitaA.Schütt,‘FrenchCrimeFiction’,inTheCambridgeCompaniontoCrime
Fiction(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversity,2003),pp.60–1.
8. EdgarAllanPoe,‘TheMurdersintheRueMorgue’,inTales,PoemsandEssays
(London:Collins,1952),p.341.
9. TzvetanTodorov,‘TheTypologyofDetectiveFiction’,inThePoeticsofProse,
trans.RichardHoward(Ithaca,NY:CornellUniversityPress,1977),p.43.
173
174 Notes
10. Ostrom,TheLettersofEdgarAllanPoe,vol.2,p.328.
11. Poe,‘ThePhilosophyofComposition’,inTales,PoemsandEssays,p.503.
12. Porter,ThePursuitofCrime,pp.26–7.
13. Poe,‘CharlesDickens’,inTales,PoemsandEssays,p.533.
14. Champigny,WhatWillHaveHappened,p.13.
15. Merivale,‘GumshoeGothics’,inDetectingTexts,p.102.
16. HetaPyrrhönen,MurderfromanAcademicAngle:AnIntroductiontotheStudy
oftheDetectiveNarrative(Columbia,SC:CamdenHouse,1994),p.16.
17. Poe, ‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue’, in Tales, Poems and Essays,
pp.330–1.
18. PatrickDiskin,‘Poe,LeFanuandtheSealedRoomMystery’,NotesandQueries
13(September1966),337–9.ThetalereferredtobyDiskinisJ.C.Managan,
‘TheThirtyFlasks’,DublinUniversityMagazinexii(October1838),408–24.
19. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, ‘The Cardboard Box’, in The Complete Sherlock
HolmesShortStories(London:JohnMurray,1956),pp.923–6.
20. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, ‘The Hound of the Baskervilles’, in The Complete
SherlockHolmesLongStories(London:JohnMurray,1954),pp.275–82.
21. Poe,‘TheMurdersintheRueMorgue’,p.335.
22. JosephSheridanLeFanu,‘PassageintheSecretHistoryofanIrishCountess’,
inDeathLockedIn:AnAnthologyofLockedRoomStories,ed.DouglasG.Greene
andRobertC.S.Adey(NewYork:BarnesandNoble,1994),p.33.
23. Poe,‘TheMurdersintheRueMorgue’,pp.335,340.
24. LeFanu,‘PassageintheSecretHistoryofanIrishCountess’,pp.33,34.
25. LeFanu,‘PassageintheSecretHistoryofanIrishCountess’,p.34.
26. Poe,‘TheMurdersintheRueMorgue’,p.339.
27. Poe,‘TheMurdersintheRueMorgue’,p.336.
28. LeFanu,‘PassageintheSecretHistoryofanIrishCountess’,p.33.
29. Seenote5.
30. Poe,‘TheMurdersintheRueMorgue’,p.342.
31. Poe,‘TheMurdersintheRueMorgue’,p.371.
32. Poe,‘TheMurdersintheRueMorgue’,p.346.
33. Poe,‘TheMurdersintheRueMorgue’,p.348.
34. Kennedy,Poe,DeathandtheLifeofWriting,p.115.
35. Poe,‘TheMurdersintheRueMorgue’,p.330.
36. Poe,‘TheMurdersintheRueMorgue’,p.337.
37. Walter Benjamin, The Arcades Project, trans. Howard Eiland and Kevin
McLaughlin(Cambridge,MA:HarvardUniversityPress,1999),p.20.
38. MarkS.Madoff,‘Inside,Outside,andtheGothicLocked-RoomMystery’,in
GothicFictions:Prohibition/Transgression,ed.KennethW.Graham(NewYork:
AMS,1989),p.50.
39. SidneyPogerandTonyMagistrale,‘Poe’sChildren:TheConjunctionofthe
DetectiveandtheGothicTale’,Clues18.1(1997),141–2.
40. Geoffrey Hartmann, ‘Literature High and Low: The Case of the Mystery
Story’,inThePoeticsofMurder:DetectiveFictionandLiteraryTheory,ed.Glenn
W. Most and William W. Stowe (San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,
1983),p.217.
41. Joseph N. Riddel, ‘The “Crypt” of Edgar Poe’, Boundary 2 7.3 (Spring
1979),123.
42. Poe,‘TheFalloftheHouseofUsher’,inTales,PoemsandEssays,p.140.
Notes 175
43. EdgarAllanPoe,‘Instinctvs.Reason–ABlackCat’,inCollectedWorksofEdgar
AllanPoe,ed.ThomasOlliveMabbott,3vols(Cambridge,MA:BelknapPress
ofHarvardUniversityPress,1969),vol.II,p.682.
44. Poe,‘TheMurdersintheRueMorgue’,p.357.
45. Poe,‘ThePitandthePendulum’,inTales,PoemsandEssays,pp.216–17.
46. Poe,‘ThePitandthePendulum’,p.217.
47. Poe,‘ThePitandthePendulum’,p.224.
48. J. A. Leo Lemay, ‘The Psychology of “The Murders in the Rue Morgue”’,
AmericanLiterature54(1982),166.
49. Jeanne M. Malloy, ‘Apocalyptic Imagery and the Fragmentation of the
Psyche: “The Pit and the Pendulum”’, Nineteenth-Century Literature 46.1
(June1991),94.
50. WilliamW.Stowe,‘ReasonandLogicinDetectiveFiction’,Semiotics6,2.3
(1987),374–5.
51. KevinJ.Hayes,‘One-ManModernist’,inTheCambridgeCompaniontoEdgar
AllanPoe,ed.KevinJ.Hayes(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2002),
p.232.
52. Poe,‘TheMurdersintheRueMorgue’,p.331.
53. Poe,‘TheMurdersintheRueMorgue’,p.332.
2 TheLockedCompartment:CharlesDickens’s‘The
Signalman’andEnclosureintheRailwayMysteryStory
1. Detailed accounts of Thomas Briggs’s murder appear in Arthur and Mary
Sellwood’sTheVictorianRailwayMurders(NewtonAbbot:David&Charles,
1979), pp. 11–52; H. B. Irving’s ‘The First Railway Murder’, in The Railway
Murders: Ten Classic True Crime Stories, ed. Jonathan Goodman (London:
Allison & Busby, 1984), pp. 13–37; John Henry Wigmore, The Principles of
JudicialProof,ed.H.B.Irving(London:Little,BrownandCompany,1913),
p.417;ElizabethAnneStanko,TheMeaningsofViolence(London:Routledge,
2003),p.26;RalfRothandMarie-NoellePolino,TheCityandtheRailwayin
Europe(Aldershot:AshgatePublishing,2003),p.249.
2. TheAnnualRegister1864.
3. Wolfgang Schivelbusch, ‘The Compartment’, in The Railway Journey: The
Industrialisation of Time and Space in the 19th Century (Berkeley: University
ofCaliforniaPress,1986),p.79.
4. Wolfgang Schivelbusch, ‘Railroad Space and Railroad Time’, New German
Critique14(1978),33.
5. ‘MugbyJunction’,AllTheYearRound,Christmas1866.Theentireeditionis
givenovertotheMugbyJunctionstories,whichare,inorderoftheirorig-
inal appearance: ‘Barbox Brothers’, ‘Barbox and Co.’, ‘Main Line: The Boy
at Mugby’, ‘No.1 Branch Line: The Signalman’, by Dickens; ‘No. 2 Branch
Line:TheEngine-Driver’,byAndrewHalliday;‘No.3BranchLine:TheCom-
pensation House’, by Charles Collins; ‘No. 4 Branch Line: The Travelling
Post-Office’,byHesbaStretton;‘No.5BranchLine:TheEngineer’,byAmelia
B.Edwards(repr.inCharlesDickens,ChristmasStoriesandOthers[London:
ChapmanandHall,1891],pp.323–64).
6. Dickens,‘TheSignalman’,inChristmasStoriesandOthers,p.312.
176 Notes
7. Dickens,‘TheSignalman’,p.312–13.
8. David Seed, ‘Mystery in Everyday Things: Charles Dickens’ “The
Signalman”’,Criticism23(1981),48.
9. For a description of this accident see ‘Brighton–Clayton Tunnel Accident’,
TheRailwayTimes(31August1861),p.1109.
10. NorrisPope,‘Dickens’s “TheSignalman”andInformationProblemsinthe
RailwayAge’,TechnologyandCulture42.3(July2001),442.
11. Mrs Henry Woods, ‘Going Through the Tunnel’, in A Treasury of Victorian
Detective Stories, ed. Everett F. Bleiler (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons,
1979),pp.173–88.
12. EwaldMengel,‘TheStructureandMeaningofDickens’s“TheSignalman”’,
StudiesinShortFiction20.4(1983),272.
13. Dickens,‘TheSignalman’,p.314.
14. Dickens,‘TheSignalman’,p.315.
15. Dickens,‘TheSignalman’,p.316.
16. Dickens,‘TheSignalman’,p.317.
17. Dickens,‘TheSignalman’,p.318.
18. Dickens,‘TheSignalman’,p.318.
19. Dickens,‘TheSignalman’,p.319.
20. Dickens,‘TheSignalman’,p.317.
21. AnaccountoftheStaplehurstcrashcanbefoundinPeterAckroyd’sDickens
(London:Minerva,1991).Thegeneraleffectsofthetraumaofrailwayacci-
dentsinthenineteenthcenturyarewelldocumentedinRalphHarrington’s
chapter, ‘The Railway Accident: Trains, Trauma and Technological Crisis
in Nineteenth-Century Britain’, in Traumatic Pasts: History, Psychiatry, and
TraumaintheModernAge,ed.MarkS.MicaleandPaulLearner(Cambridge:
CambridgeUniversityPress,2001),pp.31–56.Seealso:www.york.ac.uk/inst/
irs/irshome/papers/rlyacc.htm(accessed1March2011).
22. Charles Dickens, The Letters of Charles Dickens, ed. Madeline House and
others(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1965–2000),xi,56–7.
23. Charles Dickens, ‘Need Railway Travellers be Smashed?’, Household Words
(29November1851),217–21.
24. ‘Editorial’,SaturdayReview(17June1865),p.75.
25. ‘Accidents’,RailwayNews(22October1864),p.411.
26. ‘TheLateRailwayAccidents’,TheLancet(14September1861),235.
27. ‘Injuries’,TheLancet(14September,1861),255–6.Notes24to27arequoted
in Harrington, ‘Railway Safety and Railway Slaughter: Railway Accidents,
GovernmentandPublicinVictorianBritain’,JournalofVictorianCulture8.2
(2003),187–207,and‘TheRailwayAccident’.
28. Seenote9above.
29. Simon Cooke, ‘Anxious Travelers: A Contextual Reading of “The
Signalman”’,DickensQuarterly22.2(2005),107.
30. Charles Dickens, Dombey and Son (London: Chapman and Hall, 1890),
p.227.
31. Dickens,DombeyandSon,p.227.
32. ForanextendeddiscussiononDickensandhisreactiontothelegacyofthe
IndustrialRevolutionseePhilipCollins,‘DickensandIndustrialisation’,Stud-
iesinEnglishLiterature,1500–190020.4(Autumn,1980),651–73;Catherine
Gallagher,TheBodyEconomic:Life,Death,andSensationinPoliticalEconomy
Notes 177
and the Victorian Novel (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006);
Myron Magnet, Dickens and the Social Order (Philadelphia: University of
PhiladelphiaPress,1985);MildredNewcomb,TheImaginedWorldofCharles
Dickens (Columbus: OhioStateUniversity Press, 1989); HaroldBloom, ed.,
CharlesDickens’sHardTimes(NewYork:Chelsea,1987).
33. Harrington,‘RailwaySafetyandRailwaySlaughter’,pp.203–4.
34. ThomasKeller,‘RailwaySpineRevisited:TraumaticNeurosisorNeurotrauma?’,
JournaloftheHistoryofMedicineandAlliedSciences50(1995),515.
35. William Benjamin Carpenter, Principles of Mental Physiology (New York:
Appleton,1890),p.429.
36. F. X. Dercum, ‘Railway Shock and Its Treatment’, Therapeutic Gazette 13
(1889),654.
37. SigmundFreud,‘ANoteupontheMysticWritingPad’,TheStandardEdition
oftheCompletePsychologicalWorksofSigmundFreud,ed.JamesStrachey,24
vols(London:HogarthPress,1953–74),vol.19,pp.227–34.
38. Freud, ‘Beyond the Pleasure Principle’, The Standard Edition of the Complete
PsychologicalWorksofSigmundFreud,vol.18,p.12.
39. Freud,‘TheUncanny’,TheStandardEditionoftheCompletePsychologicalWorks
ofSigmundFreud,vol.17,p.245.
40. Srdjan Smajic, ‘The Trouble with Ghost-Seeing: Vision, and Genre in the
VictorianGhostStory’,EnglishLiteraryHistory70(2004),1107.
41. Jill L. Matus, ‘Trauma, Memory, and Railway Disaster: The Dickensian
Connection’,VictorianStudies43.3(2001),413–36.
42. Matus,‘Trauma,Memory,andRailwayDisaster’,p.420.
43. ‘Report of the Commission: The Influence of Railway Travelling on Public
Health’,TheLancet(4January1862),15–19,48–53,78–81(p.16).
44. ‘Report of the Commission: The Influence of Railway Travelling on Public
Health’,p.80.
45. ChristopherBollas,TheShadowoftheObject:PsychoanalysisoftheUnthought
Known(London:FreeAssociationBooks,1987),p.210.
46. Matus,‘Trauma,Memory,andRailwayDisaster’,p.426.
47. Matus,‘Trauma,Memory,andRailwayDisaster’,p.432.
48. Dickens,‘TheSignalman’,p.319.
49. Dickens,‘TheSignalman’,p.312.
50. Dickens,‘TheSignalman’,p.321.
51. Dickens,‘TheSignalman’,p.316.
52. PeterBrooks,ReadingforthePlot:DesignandIntentioninNarrative(Cambridge,
MA:HarvardUniversityPress,1992),p.43.
53. Dickens,‘TheSignalman’,p.319.
54. Dickens,‘TheSignalman’,p.313.
55. Peter Haining, ‘Introduction’, in Murder on the Railways, ed. Peter Haining
(London:Artus,1996),p.3.
56. Amelia B. Edwards, ‘The Four-fifteen Express’, in The Phantom Coach: Col-
lectedGhostStories,ed.RichardDalby(Ashcroft,BritishColumbia:AshTree
Press,1999),p.129.
57. DavidLehman,ThePerfectMurder:AStudyinDetection(NewYork:TheFree
Press,1989),p.77.
58. Joseph A. Kestner, The Edwardian Detective, 1901–1915 (Aldershot: Ashgate
Publishing,2000),p.68.
178 Notes
59. Roy Vickers, ‘The Eighth Lamp’, in Crime on the Lines, ed. Bryan Morgan
(London:RoutledgeandKeganPaul,1975),p.99.
60. Vickers,‘TheEighthLamp’,p.106.
61. Vickers,‘TheEighthLamp’,p.106.
62. Marty Roth, Foul and Fair Play: Reading Genre in Classic Detective Fiction
(Athens,GA:UniversityofGeorgiaPress,1995),p.34.
63. Peter Haining, ‘Foreword’ to John Oxenham, ‘A Mystery of the Under-
ground’,inMurderontheRailways(London:Artus,1996),p.264.
64. M. McDonnell Bodkin, ‘The Unseen Hand’, in The Quests of Paul Beck
(London:T.FisherUnwin,1910),pp.237–8.
65. JohnDicksonCarr,‘TheMurderinNumberFour’,inTheDoortoDoom,ed.
DouglasG.Greene(NewYork:Harper&Row,1980),p.94.
66. V. L. Whitechurch, Thrilling Stories of the Railway (London: Routledge &
KeganPaul,1977).
67. SirArthurConanDoyle,‘TheStoryoftheLostSpecial’,inTheConanDoyle
Stories(London:JohnMurray,1960),pp.551–70;‘TheStoryoftheManwith
theWatches’,inibid.,pp.590–607.
68. ConanDoyle,‘TheBrucePartingtonPlans’,inTheCompleteSherlockHolmes
ShortStories,pp.968–99.
69. J.McDonnellBodkin,‘HowHeCutHisStick’,inCrimeontheLines,ed.Bryan
Morgan(London:RoutledgeandKeganPaul,1975),pp.13–21.
70. Mengel,‘TheStructureandMeaningofDickens’s“TheSignalman”’,p.278.
3 TheBodyintheLibrary:ReadingtheLockedRoomin
AnnaKatherineGreen’sTheFiligreeBall
1. John Dickson Carr, The Red Widow Murders (New York: Pocket Books Inc,
1940),p.2.
2. Charles J. Dutton, Murder in a Library (London: Hurst and Blackett, 1931),
pp. 107–8. Charles Dutton also wrote three other locked room mysteries
which all feature murders in a library: The Underwood Mystery (1921), The
ShadowontheGlass(1923)andTheCrookedCross(1926).
3. W. H. Auden, ‘The Guilty Vicarage’, in The Dyer’s Hand and Other Essays
(NewYork:RandomHouse,1962),p.151.
4. AgathaChristie,TheBodyintheLibrary(London:Collins,1942),p.10.
5. KathleenGregoryKleinandJosephKeller,‘DeductiveDetectiveFiction:The
Self-DestructiveGenre’,Genre19(Summer1986),164.
6. So keen was Green for us to read the houses in her books that she started
thepracticeofincorporatingasketchplanoftherelevantroomsattheheart
ofthemystery.InTheLeavenworthCasethesceneofLeavenworth’slibrary
anditsrelationshiptootherroomsisthesubjectofthefirstsketchtoappear
inadetectivestory.Thelinedrawingisaprecise,draughtsman-likewayof
delimiting the scope of the inquiry; given Green’s capacity for detail and
itsinterpretation,theassumptionis,ofcourse,thatreadingthescriptwith
thesketchisthekeytosolvingthemystery,sotheproblemautomatically
becomesrealizedinanotherdimension.Thesketchplanisalsoaconstituent
partofthewayinwhichGreenseekstogivetheimpressionofauthenticity
by providing pictorial evidence. The diagram, therefore, allows the text to
Notes 179
operateattwolevelsofunderstanding,emphasizingthatnomatterwhere
the narrative leads, no doubt should remain as to the central focus of the
mystery.ItisadevicewhichGreenwouldrepeatinsuchimportantnovels
asTheCircularStudyandInitialsOnly(1911)andanticipatesitsusebyConan
Doyle and the wider genre in the Golden Age, as will be demonstrated in
DicksonCarr’sTheHollowMan,whichisthesubjectofChapter5.Theillus-
trationsinthefirsteditionofTheFiligreeBallbyC.M.Relyeaareofadifferent
kind,however,depictingthediscoveryofVeronica’sbodyandthedrawing
of the filigree ball and watch chain on the front cover of the first edition.
Although no diagram of the device appears in the book, the assiduously
detaileddescriptionofitsmechanismactuallyreadslikeatextualrealization
ofanunseendiagram.
7. Patricia D. Maida, Mother of Detective Fiction: The Life and Works of Anna
KatherineGreen(BowlingGreen,OH:BowlingGreenStateUniversityPopular
Press,1989),p.50.
8. Catherine Ross Nickerson, ‘Anna Katherine Green and the Gilded Age’, in
TheWebofIniquity:EarlyDetectiveFictionbyAmericanWomen(Durham,NC:
DukeUniversityPress,1998),p.71.
9. Maida,MotherofDetectiveFiction,p.49.
10. AnnaKatherineGreen,TheCircularStudy(NewYork:McClure,Phillipsand
Co.,1900),p.10.
11. Green,TheCircularStudy,p.26.
12. Anna Katherine Green, The Filigree Ball (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill
Company,1903),pp.6–7.
13. Green,TheFiligreeBall,p.7.
14. Green,TheFiligreeBall,p.18.
15. Gaston Bachelard, The Poetics of Space, trans. Maria Jolas (Boston: Beacon
Press,1994),pp.217–18.
16. Green,TheFiligreeBall,p.22.
17. W. Bolingbroke Johnson, The Widening Stain (New York: Alfred A. Knopf,
1942),p.218.
18. MarionBoyd,MurderintheStacks(Boston:Lothrop,1934),p.10.
19. Auden,‘TheGuiltyVicarage’,p.146.
20. SeeRolandBarthes,ThePleasureoftheText(NewYork:HillandWang,1975).
21. Green,TheFiligreeBall,pp.32–3.
22. Green,TheFiligreeBall,p.32.
23. Lehman,p.205.
24. SeeChapter6.
25. S. E. Sweeney, ‘Locked Rooms: Detective Fiction, Narrative Theory, and
Self-reflexivity’, in The Cunning Craft: Original Essays on Detective Fiction
andContemporaryLiteraryTheory,ed.RonaldG.WalkerandJuneM.Frazer
(Macomb,IL:WesternIllinoisUniversityPress,1990),p.2.
26. Christie,TheBodyintheLibrary,p.9.
27. SeeChapter5.
28. See the exchanges between John Dickson Carr and Raymond Chandler
discussedinChapter5.
29. Green,TheFiligreeBall,p.159.
30. Green,TheFiligreeBall,p.174.
31. Green,TheFiligreeBall,p.320.
180 Notes
32. Green,TheFiligreeBall,p.7.
33. SirFrankKermode,‘NovelandNarrative’,inThePoeticsofMurder,ed.Glen
W.MostandWilliamW.Stowe(NewYork:Harcourt,1983),p.179.
34. Porter,ThePursuitofCrime,p.99.
35. Green,TheFiligreeBall,p.395.
36. Green,TheFiligreeBall,p.393.
37. Sweeney,‘LockedRooms’,p.7.
38. Christie,TheBodyintheLibrary,p.154.
4 G.K.Chesterton’sEnclosureofOrthodoxyin‘The
WrongShape’
1. Bishop William Warburton, ‘To Lord Sandwich’, in The Works of William
Warburton,10vols(London:Cadell,1807)vol.1,p.372.
2. ElleryQueen,Queen’sQuorum:AHistoryoftheDetective-CrimeShortStoryas
Revealed by the 106 Most Important Books Published in this Field since 1845
(Boston:Little,Brown,1951).Thereare12storiesinTheInnocenceofFather
Brown;they are,insequential order:‘The BlueCross’, ‘The SecretGarden’,
‘TheQueerFeet’,‘TheFlyingStars’,‘TheInvisibleMan’,‘TheHonourofIsrael
Gow’, ‘The Wrong Shape’, ‘The Sins of Prince Saradine’, ‘The Hammer of
God’, ‘The Eye of Apollo’, ‘The Sign of the Broken Sword’ and ‘The Three
ToolsofDeath’.
3. G.K.’sWeeklywasaBritishpublicationfoundedin1925(piloteditionlate
1924)byG.K.Chesterton,continuinguntilhisdeathin1936.Itcontained
much of his later journalism, and extracts from it were published as The
OutlineofSanity.
4. G.K.Chesterton,‘HowtoWriteaDetectiveStory’,TheChestertonReview10.2
(1984),112.
5. Chesterton,‘HowtoWriteaDetectiveStory’,p.113.
6. Kennedy,Poe,DeathandtheLifeofWriting,p.119.
7. Hans Robert Jauss, ‘Theory of Genres and Medieval Literature’, in Modern
GenreTheory,ed.DavidDuff(Harlow:Longman,2000),p.137.
8. BernardDeVoto,‘EasyChair’,Harper’sMagazine(December1944),37.
9. Marty Roth, Fair and Foul Play: Reading Genre in Classic Detective Fiction
(Athens:UniversityofGeorgiaPress,1995),p.5.
10. Roth,p.10.
11. Frank Kermode, The Genesis of Secrecy: On the Interpretation of Narrative
(Cambridge,MA:HarvardUniversityPress,1979),p.23.
12. Kermode,TheGenesisofSecrecy,p.24.
13. William David Spencer, Mysterium and Mystery: The Clerical Crime Novel
(Carbondale:SouthernIllinoisUniversityPress,1992),p.304.
14. JacquesDerrida,TheGiftofDeath,trans.DavidWills(Chicago:Universityof
ChicagoPress,1996),p.6.
15. DeanDeFino,‘LeadBirdsandFallingBirds’,JournalofModernLiterature27.4
(2005),74.
16. For a concise and informative account of the Oxford Movement and
Newman’s involvement in particular, see: C. Brad Faught, The Oxford
Movement:AThematicHistoryoftheTractariansandTheirTimes(Philadelphia:
PennsylvaniaStateUniversityPress,2003).
Notes 181
17. Jonathan Hill, The History of Christian Thought (Oxford: Lion Publishing,
2003),p.249.
18. For a discussion on Newman and Tract 90 see John R. Connolly, John
Henry Newman: A View of Catholic Faith for the New Millennium (Lanham,
MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005), and Frank M. Turner, Apologia
Pro Vita Sua & Six Sermons (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press,
2008).
19. For details of Chesterton’s life see Maisie Ward, Gilbert Keith Chesterton
(New York: Sheed and Ward, 1943), and Alzina Stone Dale, The Outline of
Sanity: A Life of G. K. Chesterton (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Publishing,
1982).
20. SeeAdamSchwartz,‘SwordsofHonor:TheRevivalofOrthodoxChristianity
inTwentieth-CenturyBritain’,Logos:AJournalofCatholicThoughtandCulture
4.1(Winter2001),11–33(p.13).
21. G.K.Chesterton,‘Heretics,Orthodoxy,theBlatchfordControversies’,inThe
Collected Works of G. K. Chesterton, ed. David Dooley et al., 35 vols (San
Francisco:IgnatiusPress,1986),vol.I,pp.332.
22. Chesterton, ‘The Thing’, The Collected Works of G. K. Chesterton, vol. III,
pp.265and299.
23. Schwartz,‘SwordsofHonor’,p.15.
24. Schwartz,‘SwordsofHonor’,p.17.
25. G. K. Chesterton, ‘The Blue Cross’, in The Complete Father Brown
(Harmondsworth:Penguin,1981),p.20.
26. David Paul Deavel, ‘An Odd Couple? A First Glance at Chesterton and
Newman’, Logos: A Journal of Catholic Thought and Culture 10.1 (2007),
116–35. See also Sheridan Gilley, ‘Newman and Chesterton’, Chesterton
Review32.1–2(2006),41–55.
27. Deavel,‘AnOddCouple?’,p.128.
28. Deavel,‘AnOddCouple?’,p.130.
29. G.K.Chesterton,‘ADefenceofDetectiveStories’,inTheArtoftheMystery
Story,ed.HowardHaycraft(NewYork:GrossetandDunlap,1946),pp.5–6.
This essay was originally published in G. K. Chesterton, The Defendant
(London:R.B.Johnson,1902).
30. Ian Ker, The Catholic Revival in English Literature, 1845–1961: Newman,
Hopkins, Belloc, Chesterton, Greene, Waugh (South Bend, IN: University of
NotreDamePress,2003).
31. Ker,TheCatholicRevivalinEnglishLiterature,p.101.
32. G.K.Chesterton,‘CharlesDickens’,inTheCollectedWorksofG.K.Chesterton,
vol.XV(1989),pp.29–210.
33. Chesterton,‘CharlesDickens’,pp.66–7.
34. Chesterton,‘CharlesDickens’,p.46.
35. Chesterton, ‘The Secret of Flambeau’, in The Complete Father Brown
(Harmondsworth:Penguin,1981),p.588.
36. JamesV.Schall,‘Chesterton:TheReal“Heretic”:TheOutstandingEccentric-
ityofthePeculiarSectCalledRomanCatholics’,Logos:AJournalofCatholic
ThoughtandCulture9.2(Spring2006),72–86(p.78).
37. Chesterton,‘TheWrongShape’,inTheCompleteFatherBrown,p.90.
38. ThissolutiontothemysteryofhowQuintonwasmurderedwasfirstused
in Israel Zangwill’s The Big Bow Mystery (1892). See also the discussion on
‘Ibn-HakamAl-Bokhari,MurderedinhisLabyrinth’inChapter6.
182 Notes
39. Chesterton, ‘Heretics’ in ‘Heretics, Orthodoxy, The Blatchford Controver-
sies’,p.337.
40. Chesterton,‘TheWrongShape’,p.90.
41. Chesterton,‘TheWrongShape’,p.90.
42. Chesterton,‘TheWrongShape’,p.92.
43. Chesterton,‘TheWrongShape’,p.93.
44. Chesterton,‘TheWrongShape’,p.92.
45. Chesterton, ‘The Sins of Prince Saradine’, in The Complete Father Brown,
p.107.
46. Chesterton,‘TheWrongShape’,p.99.
47. Chesterton,‘TheWrongShape’,p.97.
48. Chesterton,‘TheBlueCross’,p.23.
49. KennethandHelenBallhatchet,‘Asia’,inTheOxfordHistoryofChristianity,
ed.JohnMcManners(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1990),p.518.
50. Chesterton,‘TheWrongShape’,p.99.
51. Chesterton,‘TheWrongShape’,p.90.
52. ChristopherRoutledge,‘TheChevalierandthePriest:DeductiveMethodin
Poe,ChestertonandBorges’,Clues22.1(2001),1–2.
53. Chesterton,‘TheHonourofIsraelGow’,inTheCompleteFatherBrown,p.78.
54. Robert Gillespie, ‘Detections: Borges and Father Brown’, Novel: A Forum on
Action7(1974),226–7.
55. Donald A. Yates, ‘Melville Davisson Post’, in The Oxford Companion to
Crime and Mystery Writing, ed. Rosemary Herbert (New York: Oxford Uni-
versityPress, 1999), p.349.DonaldA.Yates,‘AnEssayon LockedRooms’,
in The Mystery Writer’s Art, ed. Francis M. Nevins (Bowling Green, OH:
Bowling Green University Popular Press, 1970), pp. 272–84 is one the ear-
liest scholarly essays to examine the locked room mystery as a separate
form.
56. PostobtainedalawdegreeattheUniversityofWestVirginiaandpractised
thereforadozenyears.Heemergedasamajorfigureinthestate’sDemo-
cratic Party politics and was instrumental in John William Davis’s failed
campaign for the presidency in 1924. His books were much admired by
TheodoreRoosevelt.
57. Charles A. Norton, Melville Davisson Post: Man of Many Mysteries (Bowling
Green,OH:BowlingGreenUniversityPopularPress,1973),p.9.
58. Melville Davisson Post, ‘Dedication’, in Uncle Abner: The Doomdorf Mystery
(Mattituck,NY:AmereonHouse,1986).
59. Francis Nevins, ‘From Darwinian to Biblical Lawyering: The Stories of
MelvilleDavissonPost’,LegalStudiesForum18.2(1994),176–212(p.194).
60. MelvilleDavissonPost,‘TheAngeloftheLord’,inUncleAbner:TheDoomdorf
Mystery(Mattituck,NY:AmereonHouse,1946),p.41.
61. Otto Penzler, ‘Collecting Mystery Fiction’, Armchair Detective 18.2 9
(1985),168.
62. Post,‘TheDoomdorfMystery’,inUncleAbner:TheDoomdorfMystery,p.14.
63. Post,‘TheDoomdorfMystery’,p.18.
64. MelvilleDavissonPost,‘TheGrazier’,inTheManofLastResort (NewYork:
G.P.Putnam’sSons,1897),p.252–3.
65. Chesterton,‘Heretics’,p.39.
66. Chesterton,‘TheWrongShape’,p.99.