Precambrian Geology of China

389 Pages·2015·17.767 MB·English

by  Mingguo Zhai (eds.)

Springer Geology
Mingguo Zhai Editor
Precambrian
Geology of
China
Springer Geology
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10172
Mingguo Zhai
Editor
Precambrian Geology
of China
123
Editor
Mingguo Zhai
Institute of Geology andGeophysics
ChineseAcademy of Sciences
Beijing
China
ISSN 2197-9545 ISSN 2197-9553 (electronic)
SpringerGeology
ISBN978-3-662-47884-4 ISBN978-3-662-47885-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-47885-1
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Preface
ThePrecambrian(4560–541Ma)coversalmost90%oftheplanetEarth’shistory.
Precambrian continents experienced complex geological evolution, and carry
importantrecordsofthesecularchangesintectonicsandmetallogeny,including,at
least, three important tectonic events that are the Neoarchean enormous crustal
growth,thetectonicregimeinversionfrompre-platetectonicstoplatetectonics,and
thePaleoproterozoicgreatoxygenevent(GOE).Precambrianrocksareextensively
distributedinChina,notonlyincratons,butalsoinPhanerozoicorogenicbelts.The
Chinese continent consists of several cratons, i.e., the North China Craton, the
SouthChinaCratonandtheTarimCraton,andseveralPhanerozoicorogenicbelts.
These three cratons have different tectonic evolving history, and carry important
records of crustal generation-growth-cratonization and interaction with circumja-
cent terrains. Some residual Precambrian rocks or micro-continental blocks also
occur in Phanerozoic orogenic belts, such as in the Himalaya and Xing’an-
Mongoliaorogenicbelts.Thereareabundantmineralresourcesinthesecratonsand
micro-blocks, which were formed in different geological periods and recorded a
common change in the pattern of metallogeny, mineral deposit character, spatial
distribution, and genetic mechanisms that match well with the timings and styles
of the major tectonic events. The assembly of the Chinese unified continent is
considered to be amalgamated by several Triassic orogenic belts. Therefore, study
ofthethreeoldlands inChina willsurelyhelpdeepen ourunderstandingofChina
geology, as much as global continental tectonics and continental dynamics.
Thisbook, PrecambrianGeologyofChina, contains fiveparts and12chapters.
PartIhasonlyonechapterandisaboutthegeneralPrecambriangeologyofChina
(by Mingguo Zhai and Yanyan Zhou; General Precambrian Geology in China). It
summarizes the geology division of China, the general geology in the three
cratons/blocks, and the assembly of the Chinese landmass.
Part II focuses on the Precambrian geology of the North China Craton. It con-
tains three chapters. Formation and Evolution of Archean Continental Crust of the
NorthChinaCraton(byYushengWan)isabouttheArcheangeologyofthecraton,
v
vi Preface
and it mainly focuses on the Archean geological record of the craton back
to >3.8 Ga, as well as the formation of the Archean basement. Paleoproterozoic
GranulitesintheNorthChinaCratonandtheirGeologicalImplications(byJinghui
Guo and others) concentrates on the Paleoproterozoic granulites and tectonic
evolution of the craton. Late Paleoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic (1800–541 Ma)
Mafic Dyke Swarms and Rifts in North China (by Peng Peng) narrates the late
Paleoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic igneous records, sedimentation, and rift evo-
lution in the craton.
Part III (by Yuan-sheng Geng) is about the Precambrian geology of the South
China Craton. It has three chapters. Early Precambrian Geological Signatures in
South China Craton focuses on the Archean geological records and their features,
andthebasementevolutionduringPaleoproterozoic;MesoproterozoicEraofSouth
China Craton is about the Mesoproterozoic magmatic events of the Yangtze and
Cathaysian blocks/subcratons, and the tectonic evolution of the Jiangnan orogenic
belt; and Neoproterozoic Era of South China Craton is dealing with the
Neoproterozoic orogenic and rifting events in South China.
PartIV(byBeiXu)summarizesthePrecambrianGeologyoftheTarimCraton.
Itdividesintothreechapters:LateArchean:MesoproterozoicGeologyoftheTarim
Craton about the Archean to Mesoproterozoic formations and records; The
Neoproterozoic Geology oftheTarimCraton about theNeoproterozoicformations
and records; and The Precambrian Tectonic Evolution of the Tarim Craton about
the Precambrian tectonic evolution of the Tarim Craton.
PartVisaboutthegeologyofmicro-blocksinthePhanerozoicorogens,mainly
concentrating on the Tibetan Plateau in the Himalaya Orogen (The Precambrian
Geology of the Tibetan Plateau by Fulai Liu et al.) and the paleo-continents in the
Xing’an-Mongolia orogenic Belt (Paleocontinents in Xing’an-Mongolia orogenic
belt (XMOB) by Bei Xu).
Beijing, China Mingguo Zhai
March 2015
Contents
Part I General Precambrian Geology in China
General Precambrian Geology in China. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Mingguo Zhai and Yanyan Zhou
Part II The North China Craton
Formation and Evolution of Archean Continental Crust of the
North China Craton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Yu-Sheng Wan, Dun-Yi Liu, Chun-Yan Dong, Hang-Qian Xie,
Alfred Kröner, Ming-Zhu Ma, Shou-Jie Liu, Shi-Wen Xie
and Peng Ren
Paleoproterozoic Granulites in the North China Craton and Their
Geological Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Jinghui Guo, Mingguo Zhai, Peng Peng, Shujuan Jiao, Lei Zhao
and Haozheng Wang
Late Paleoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic (1800–541 Ma) Mafic Dyke
Swarms and Rifts in North China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Peng Peng
Part III The South China Craton
Early Precambrian Geological Signatures in South China Craton . . . . 207
Yuan-Sheng Geng
vii
viii Contents
Mesoproterozoic Era of South China Craton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Yuan-Sheng Geng
Neoproterozoic Era of South China Craton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Yuan-Sheng Geng
Part IV The Tarim Craton
Late Archean: Mesoproterozoic Geology of the Tarim Craton. . . . . . . 305
Bei Xu
The Neoproterozoic Geology of the Tarim Craton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Bei Xu
The Precambrian Tectonic Evolution of the Tarim Craton . . . . . . . . . 345
Bei Xu
Part V Other Chinese Paleocontinents
The Precambrian Geology of the Tibetan Plateau. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Fulai Liu, Yongsheng Dong and Chaohui Liu
Paleocontinents in Xing’an-Mongolia Orogenic Belt (XMOB) . . . . . . . 385
Bei Xu
Part I
General Precambrian Geology in China