Praxis middle school social studies 0089 : teacher certification

352 Pages·03.478 MB·English

by  Sharon Wynne

Praxis
Middle School
0089
Social Studies

Teacher Certification Exam

By: Sharon Wynne, M.S.
Southern Connecticut State University

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Wynne, Sharon A.
Middle School Social Studies 0089: Teacher Certification / Sharon A. Wynne. -2nd ed.
ISBN 978-1-60787-986-2
1. Middle School Social Studies 0089. 2. Study Guides. 3. Praxis 4. Teachers’ Certification & Licensure.
5. Careers

Managing Editor Dr. Harte Weiner, Ph. D.
Senior Editor Janis Mercer, Ph. D.
Copy Editor Ira Glasser, B.A.
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Production Coordinator David Aronson

Disclaimer:
The opinions expressed in this publication are the sole works of XAMonline and were created
independently from the National Education Association, Educational Testing Service, or any State
Department of Education, National Evaluation Systems or other testing affiliates. Between the
time of publication and printing, state specific standards as well as testing formats and web site
information may change that is not included in part or in whole within this product. Sample test
questions are developed by XAMonline and reflect similar content as on real tests; however, they
are not former tests. XAMonline assembles content that aligns with state standards but makes no
claims or guarantees teacher candidates a passing score. Numerical scores are determined by
testing companies such as NES or ETS and then are compared with individual state standards. A
passing score varies from state to state.

Printed in the United States of America œ-1

PPST: Middle School Social Studies 0089
ISBN: 978-1-60787-986-2
TEACHER CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE

About the Subject Assessments

Praxis™: Subject Assessment in Social Studies 5-9 examination

Purpose: The assessments are designed to test the knowledge and
competencies of prospective secondary level teachers. The question bank from
which the assessment is drawn is undergoing constant revision. As a result, your
test may include questions that will not count towards your score.

Test Version: There are two versions of subject assessments for social studies
tests for Praxis. Although both versions of the test emphasize conceptual
comprehension, synthesis, and analysis of the principles of the social studies, the
major difference between versions lies in the degree to which the examinee’s
knowledge is tested.

Version 1: Social Studies 6-12 This version requires a greater depth
of comprehension in US History, world history, economics,
geography, political science, anthropology, and psychology.
The social science 6-12 guide is based on a typical
knowledge level of persons who have completed a
bachelor’s degree program in social science.

Version 2: Social Studies 5-9 This version test the examinee’s
knowledge level in less detail than the first version of the
subject assessments. The degree of knowledge required is
typically based on completion of introductory-level course
work in the same areas mentioned above. Although US
History remains the focus of both tests, fewer questions on
that topic are included in Social Studies 5-9.

Taking the Correct Version of the Subject Assessment: While some states
offer just one test called a social studies test, Praxis breaks out those topics into
two tests. You would take the 5-9 to become a middle school teacher and the 6-
12 if you plan on teaching at the high school level. However, as licensure
requirements change, it’s highly recommended that you consult your educational
institution’s teaching preparation counselor or your state board of education’s
teacher licensure division to verify which version of the assessment you should
take. We have not mentioned a history test. If you plan on applying for a position
in another state, consider a history option. Visit the XAMonline.com web site for
information about becoming certified in any particular state.

MID. SCHOOL SOCIAL STUDIES i
TEACHER CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE

Time Allowance, Format, and Length: The time allowance and format for both
versions are identical; you will have 2 hours to complete the test and the
questions are presented in a 90 question, multiple-choice format worth 75
percent of the total score and three constructed response questions worth 25
percent of the total score.

Content Areas: Both versions of the subject assessments share a degree of
commonality in that the test content categories are divided into (6) broad areas
that roughly overlap between test versions. Version (1) has a narrower focus on
specific disciplines than does version (2).

Percentage
Number of of Total
Content Category Questions Score
I. United States History 22-24 18-20%
II. World History 16-19 14-16%
III. Government/Civics 13-15 11-13%
IV. Geography 14-16 11-14%
V. Economics 12-14 10-12%
VI. Sociology and Anthropology 0-6 0-5%
VII. Short Content Essays 3 25%

Test Taxonomy: Both versions of the subject assessments are constructed on
the comprehension, synthesis, and analysis levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy. In
many questions, the candidate must apply knowledge of more than one discipline
in order to answer the questions correctly.

Additional Information about the Praxis Assessments: The Praxis™ series
subject assessments are developed by the ***. They provide additional
information on the Praxis series assessments, including registration, preparation
and testing procedures, and such study materials as topical guides—about 30
pages of information including approximately 25 additional sample questions.

MID. SCHOOL SOCIAL STUDIES ii
TEACHER CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE

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DOMAIN I. UNITED STATES HISTORY

Competency 1.1 Physical Geography of North America ............................... 1

Skill 1.1a Demonstrate knowledge of North America’s location in the world,
and of the continent’s rivers, lakes, and important land features ....... 1

Skill 1.1b Demonstrate knowledge of broad climate patterns and
physiographic regions ....................................................................... 2

Competency 1.2 Native American Peoples .................................................... 5

Skill 1.2a Demonstrate knowledge of Native American tribes living in the
various regions of North America ...................................................... 5

Skill 1.2b Demonstrate understanding of the political, economic, social, and
cultural life of Native American peoples ............................................. 5

Competency 1.3 European Exploration and Colonization ............................. 8

Skill 1.3a Identify the major explorers and the reasons for European
exploration ......................................................................................... 8

Skill 1.3b Demonstrate understanding of the consequences of early contacts
between Europeans and Native Americans ....................................... 9

Skill 1.3c Demonstrate knowledge of colonization by various European
powers ............................................................................................... 10

Skill 1.3d Demonstrate knowledge of the establishment and growth of the
English colonies, including their political, economic, social, and
cultural organization and institutions.................................................. 13

Competency 1.4 Establishing a New Nation (1776–1791) .............................. 15

Skill 1.4a Demonstrate understanding of the American Revolution, including
its causes, leaders, events, and results ............................................. 15

Skill 1.4b Demonstrate knowledge of the Declaration of Independence and
other revolutionary documents .......................................................... 16

Skill 1.4c Demonstrate knowledge of the first government of the United
States under the Articles of Confederation ........................................ 19

MID. SCHOOL SOCIAL STUDIES iii
TEACHER CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE

Skill 1.4d Demonstrate understanding of the process of writing and adopting
the Constitution and the Bill of Rights ................................................ 23

Competency 1.5 Early Years of the New Nation (1791–1829) ........................ 25

Skill 1.5a Demonstrate understanding of political development, including
early presidential administrations, establishment of the federal
judiciary, and inception and
growth of political parties ................................................................... 25

Skill 1.5b Demonstrate understanding of foreign policy issues, including the
Louisiana Purchase, the War of 1812, and the Monroe Doctrine ...... 27

Skill 1.5c Demonstrate understanding of economic development, including
Hamilton’s economic plan, tariffs, and changes in agriculture,
commerce, and industry .................................................................... 30

Skill 1.5d Demonstrate understanding of social and cultural development in
this period, including immigration and the frontier, family life and the
role of women, religious life, and nationalism and regionalism .......... 31

Competency 1.6 Continued National Development (1829–1850s) ................ 35

Skill 1.6a Demonstrate understanding of political development, including
Jacksonian Democracy, the nullification crisis, Manifest Destiny, the
Mexican War and Cession, and the Oregon Territory........................ 35

Skill 1.6b Demonstrate knowledge of geographic expansion, including the
development of the transportation network and the displacement of
Native Americans .............................................................................. 37

Skill 1.6c Demonstrate knowledge of industrialization, including technological
and agricultural innovations, and the early labor movement .............. 38

Skill 1.6d Demonstrate understanding of social and cultural developments,
such as changes in the role of women in society, and reform
movements ........................................................................................ 41

Competency 1.7 Civil War Era (1850–1870s) .................................................. 43

Skill 1.7a Demonstrate knowledge of the growth of sectionalism and of
attempts at political compromise ....................................................... 43

Skill 1.7b Demonstrate knowledge of the abolitionist movement, including the
roles of African Americans and women in the movement .................. 45

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TEACHER CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE

Skill 1.7c Demonstrate understanding of the failure of political institutions in
the 1850s ........................................................................................... 47

Skill 1.7d Demonstrate knowledge of the Civil War (1861–1865), including its
causes, leaders, and major events .................................................... 49

Skill 1.7e Demonstrate knowledge of the Reconstruction period, including the
various plans for Reconstruction, the new amendments to the
Constitution, and the Compromise of 1877 ....................................... 52

Competency 1.8 Emergence of the Modern United States (1877–1900) ..... 57

Skill 1.8a Demonstrate understanding of United States expansion and
imperialism, including the displacement of Native Americans, the
development of the West, and international involvement .................. 57

Skill 1.8b Demonstrate understanding of the process of industrialization and
of the political, economic, and social changes associated with
industrialization in this period ............................................................ 59

Skill 1.8c Demonstrate understanding of the causes and consequences of
urban development in this period ...................................................... 60

Skill 1.8d Demonstrate understanding of political, cultural, and social
movements ........................................................................................ 61

Competency 1.9 Progressive Era through the New Deal (1900–1939) ......... 63

Skill 1.9a Demonstrate knowledge of political, economic, and social
developments .................................................................................... 63

Skill 1.9b Demonstrate understanding of the causes of United States
participation in the First World War and of the consequences at
home and abroad .............................................................................. 64

Skill 1.9c Demonstrate knowledge of political, economic, social, and cultural
life in the “Roaring Twenties” ............................................................. 67

Skill 1.9d Demonstrate knowledge of political, economic, and social
developments during the Great Depression and the New Deal ......... 68

MID. SCHOOL SOCIAL STUDIES v
TEACHER CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE

Competency 1.10 The Second World War and the Postwar Period (1939–
1963) ...................................................................................... 76

Skill 1.10a Demonstrate understanding of the causes of United States
participation in the Second World War and of the consequences at
home and abroad .............................................................................. 76

Skill 1.10b Demonstrate understanding of domestic and foreign developments
during the Cold War ........................................................................... 78

Skill 1.10c Demonstrate knowledge of political, economic, social, and cultural
life in the 1950s ................................................................................. 84

Competency 1.11 Recent Developments (1960s–Present) .............................. 85

Skill 1.11a Demonstrate understanding of political developments, including the
war in Vietnam, the “imperial presidency,” and the new
conservative movement ..................................................................... 85

Skill 1.11b Demonstrate understanding of economic developments, including
changes in industrial structure, the growth of the budget deficit, the
impact of deregulation, and energy and environmental issues .......... 88

Skill 1.11c Demonstrate understanding of major social movements and of
social policy initiatives ....................................................................... 90

Skill 1.11d Demonstrate understanding of the social and cultural effects of
changes in the American family and in the ethnic composition of the
United States population in this period .............................................. 90

Skill 1.11e Demonstrate understanding of international relations, including
United States relations with the Soviet Union and its successor
states and the changing role of the United States in world political
and economic affairs ....................................................................... 92

DOMAIN II. WORLD HISTORY

Competency 2.1 Prehistory to 1400 CE ......................................................... 94

Skill 2.1a Demonstrate knowledge of human society before approximately
3000 BCE .......................................................................................... 94

Skill 2.1b Understand the development of city civilizations 3000–1500 BCE .... 95

Skill 2.1c Demonstrate knowledge of ancient empires and civilizations 1700
BCE–500 CE .................................................................................... 97
MID. SCHOOL SOCIAL STUDIES vi
TEACHER CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE

Skill 2.1d Understand the decline of classical civilizations and changes 500–
1400 CE ............................................................................................ 103

Competency 2.2 World History: 1400 to 1914 ............................................... 110

Skill 2.2a Demonstrate understanding of emerging global-wide interactions
1400-1800 CE .................................................................................. 110

Skill 2.2b Demonstrate knowledge of political and industrial revolutions 1750-
1914 .................................................................................................. 121

Competency 2.3 1914 to the Present ............................................................. 130

Skill 2.3a Evaluate conflicts, ideologies, and changes in the twentieth century
.......................................................................................................... 130

Skill 2.3b Understand contemporary trends 1991 to the present ...................... 136

DOMAIN III. GOVERNMENT/CIVICS

Competency 3.0 Basic Political Concepts ...................................................... 137

Skill 3.0a Demonstrate understanding of why government is needed ............... 137

Skill 3.0b Demonstrate knowledge of political theory ........................................ 138

Skill 3.0c Demonstrate understanding of political concepts such as
legitimacy, power, authority, and responsibility ............................... 140

Skill 3.0d Demonstrate understanding of various political orientations ........... 142

Competency 3.1 United States Political System .......................................... 147

Skill 3.1a Demonstrate understanding of the constitutional foundation of the
United States government, including knowledge of the basic
content and structure of the United States Constitution, and of the
processes of constitutional interpretation and amendment .............. 147

Skill 3.1b Demonstrate knowledge of the functions and powers of the
legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government, and of
the relationships among them ........................................................... 152

Skill 3.1c Demonstrate knowledge of the formation and operation of political
institutions not established by the Constitution, such as political
parties and interest groups, and of the role of the media and public
opinion in American political life ........................................................ 153
MID. SCHOOL SOCIAL STUDIES vii