Table Of ContentDevelopments in Geotechnical Engineering
Hemanta Hazarika
Juichi Nakazawa
Iwao Nakahara
Practices and Trends in
Ground Improvement Techniques
Developments in Geotechnical Engineering
SeriesEditors
BrajaM.Das,CaliforniaStateUniversity,Henderson,CA,USA
NagaratnamSivakugan,JamesCookUniversity,Townsville,QLD,Australia
ThisseriesonGeotechnicalEngineeringhasbeeninitiatedtoprovideanintegrated
platform for publishing in all areas of geotechnics and their applications to
engineering problems. The series focuses on the topics that have garnered recent
interest from a large research audience, including, but not limited to, saturated
and unsaturated soils, expansive soils, geosynthetics, marine geotechnics, and soil
improvement. This series includes monographs, textbooks, and references in the
general area of Geotechnical Engineering. The books in this series will serve
researchers,practitioners,andstudentsalike.
· ·
Hemanta Hazarika Juichi Nakazawa
Iwao Nakahara
Editors
Practices and Trends in
Ground Improvement
Techniques
Editors
HemantaHazarika JuichiNakazawa
KyushuUniversity TokyoEngineeringConsultantsCo.,Ltd.
Fukuoka,Japan Osaka,Japan
IwaoNakahara
JapanFoundationEngineeringCo.,Ltd.
Tokyo,Japan
ISSN 2364-5156 ISSN 2364-5164 (electronic)
DevelopmentsinGeotechnicalEngineering
ISBN 978-981-19-3321-9 ISBN 978-981-19-3322-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3322-6
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Preface
PracticesandTrendsinGroundImprovementTechniquesisacompilationoftwelve
casehistoriesfrommanycountriesaroundtheworld(fivefromJapan,twofromthe
USA, and one each from Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, and Thailand).
This book is born out of conviction that the discipline of ground improvement is
mostly practice rather than theory. Although some ground improvements can be
performedusingthetheoreticalconceptsofconventionalsoilmechanics,notallare
so. Sometimes, strategic ideas are required to execute the techniques in the fields
first,andthen,thetheoreticalbasisofthosecanbeestablished.
Soil,asanaturalmaterial,ishighlyvariableandisaffectedbynumerousfactors,
and therefore, finding a unique and comprehensive solution for every problem the
engineersencounteredisaherculeantask.Thisbookistheresultsofauthors’persis-
tentdesiretoorganizeandpresentsomeselectedcasehistoriesofgroundimprove-
ment. The authors feel that case histories are extremely essential for the young
researchersandengineerstodevelopaninterestinthesubjectandcontributetoward
furtheradvancement ofthisfieldthroughcontinuous engagement. Thisbookisan
effort in this direction. Numerous case studies, described in this book, show how
the new and improved methods have actually been applied over a wide variety of
groundconditions.Italsofocusesonthenewapplicationsandtrendsoftheground
improvementgeo-systemincludingrecycling,geo-environmentalconsideration,and
preservationworlds’culturalheritage.
As engineers seek economical solutions dealing with myriads of problematic
soils,theneedtoimprovethepoor-qualitygroundinurbansitesincreases,andthose
demandsareexpectedtoremainsteadyorincreaseinthefutureasmoreandmore
countries develop their infrastructures. Designers need to make judicious decision
basedonhis/herexperiencesandfactsavailable.Inthisbook,groundimprovement
methods adopted in a particular situation and accomplishment of the projects are
describedinaneasilyunderstandableway.Thisbookhelpsresearchersandengineers
tounderstand,howtheprinciplesofgroundimprovementmethodsareexecutedinthe
v
vi Preface
site,basisofselectionofaparticulargroundimprovementmethodinaproject,cost-
performanceofsuchmethods,etc.Themechanism,design,andexecutionprocedures
ofvariousgroundimprovementtechniques,whicharedescribedascasestudiesin
thisbook,canbefoundin“EssentialsofGroundImprovementTechniques”bythe
sameauthors.
This book is intended for the beginners and the intermediate-level practitioners
whoaredealingwithgeotechnicalconstructionprojectsorwhohaveinterestinthe
developmentandpracticalapplicationofgroundimprovementtechniques.Thebook
willbeanexcellentresourceforthoseinvolvedwithdesignandexecutionofground
improvementprojects.Theauthorsbelievethatengineersandresearcherswillfind
ithelpfulindeveloping,advancing,andapplyingtheirtechniquesinthefield.
Fukuoka,Japan HemantaHazarika
Osaka,Japan JuichiNakazawa
Tokyo,Japan IwaoNakahara
Acknowledgments
ThepublicationofPracticesandTrendsinGroundImprovementTechniqueshasbeen
possiblethroughthesupportandcooperationofmanyoftheauthors’colleaguesand
formerstudents.Theauthorsexpresstheirsincerethankstothefollowingindivid-
uals for their valuable time and effort in providing data, making suggestions for
improvement,draftingfigures,andtranslatingdocumentsfromJapanesetoEnglish.
Prof.HajimeImanishi,Prof.Emeritus,TohokuInstituteofTechnology,Sendai,
Japan.
Prof.TadashiHara,KochiUniversity,Kochi,Japan.
Mr.NozomuKosaka,formerPresident,JAFACUSA,California,USA.
Mr. Toshiro Hara, formerly at Japan Foundation Engineering Co., Ltd., Tokyo,
Japan.
Mr.KengoNishimura,ChugokuElectricPowerCorporation,Hiroshima,Japan.
Dr. Siavash Manafi Khajeh Pasha, IMAGEi Consultant Corporation, Tokyo,
Japan.
Mr.KatsuyaOgo,NipponKoeiCo.Ltd.,Osaka,Japan.
Dr.DivyeshM.Rohit,FormerlyatKyushuUniversity,Fukuoka,Japan.
vii
Contents
1 Introduction .................................................. 1
HemantaHazarika
2 GroundImprovementUsingPrefabricatedVerticalDrains
withPreloadingforPortParkAreaatChittagong,Bangladesh .... 5
AbuSiddique,AshutoshSutraDhar,andSyedFakhrulAmeen
3 Soil–CementMethodforJobsiteRoadFoundationGround
Construction—Using“MoistCement” .......................... 21
ChieWakaharaandTomokazuFuruse
4 ApplicationExamplesoftheSandCompactionPileMethod
intheUnitedStates ............................................ 33
KenjiHarada,MitsuoNozu,KazunoriMatsushita,andYukiImai
5 CementDeepMixingforLeveeRepairinLouisiana,USA ......... 45
SushilKafleandRalphGriffin
6 Full-Scale Embankment in Soft Bangkok Clay Using Jet
GroutedCementMixingPiles .................................. 57
DennesT.Bergado,SalisaChaiyaput,andPitthayaJamsawang
7 Reinforcement of Runway Embankment by Using
GeosyntheticsinSulawesi,Indonesia ............................ 81
Tjie-LiongGouw
8 SlopeStabilitybySoilNailingforRoadWideninginHikawa
Tunnel,Tokyo,Japan .......................................... 105
JuichiNakazawa
9 UseofCoirGeotextilesinErosionControl,South-WestIndia ..... 115
KrishnanBalan,P.K.Jayasree,andC.R.Devaraj
ix
x Contents
10 ApplicationsofWasteTiresforProtectionofEmbankments
inNorthernandNortheasternJapan ............................ 127
HemantaHazarika, KentaroKuribayashi, ShuichiKuroda,
KazuyaYasuhara,andAshokeK.Karmokar
11 LogPilingMethodforLiquefactionMitigationandCarbon
StockinLargeResidentialArea,Chiba,Japan ................... 149
AtsunoriNumataandKatsuyaMatsushita
12 GroundFreezingforShieldTunneling,Japan .................... 157
TsutomuTsuchiya
13 Combined Ground Improvement Method for Cultural
Heritage Preservation—A Case Study in Angkor Ruins,
Cambodia .................................................... 169
YasushiAkazawa, MitsuharuFukuda, YoshinoriIwasaki,
andJuichiNakazawa
14 Epilogue ...................................................... 181
HemantaHazarika,JuichiNakazawa,andIwaoNakahara
