Table Of ContentPractical Neonatal Echocardiography
Edited by
Bijan Siassi, MD, FACC
Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Radiology
Keck School of Medicine
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, California
Shahab Noori, MD, MS CBTI, RDCS
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Keck School of Medicine
University of Southern California
Fetal and Neonatal Institute
Division of Neonatology
Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California
Ruben J. Acherman, MD
Professor of Pediatric Cardiology
University of Nevada, Las Vegas Director, Fetal Cardiology
Children’s Heart Center Nevada
Las Vegas, Nevada
Pierre C. Wong, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Keck School of Medicine
University of Southern California
Director, Echocardiography Lab and Cardiac Pathology Registry
Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California
New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City
Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto
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The editors would like to dedicate this book to the many trainees and attendees of our Functional
Echocardiography for Neonatologists course that we have had the honor and privilege of teaching over
the past 15 years. Your interest and enthusiasm provided us with the strong motivation we need to
write this book, and they continue to fuel our passion for teaching.
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Contents
Contributors ....................................................................vii Chapter 7
Preface ...............................................................................ix Application of Pulsed Wave and Continuous-Wave
Doppler in the Assessment a nd Measurement of
Chapter 1 Cardiac and Systemic Blood Flow ..................101
Basic Principles of Echocardiography .................1
Shahab Noori
Apichai Khongphatthanayothin
Chapter 8
Chapter 2 Assessment of Systolic, Diastolic, and Global
Echocardiographic Scanners and Transducers ....19 Cardiac Function ..........................................121
Mahmood Ebrahimi Shahab Noori
Chapter 3 Chapter 9
Cross-Sectional Neonatal Cardiac Anatomy as Shunts Through a Patent Foramen Ovale ........139
Depicted by Standard T wo -D im en sional
Bijan Siassi
E ch oc ardiography ...........................................33
Bijan Siassi, Mahmood Ebrahimi, Shilpa Patil, and Chapter 10
Ruben J. Acherman Shock, Myocardial Dysfunction, and
Heart Failure ................................................151
Chapter 4
Shahab Noori and Tai Wei Wu
Application of Echocardiographic Simulators in
Training for Neonatal Echocardiography ............61 Chapter 11
Bijan Siassi, Mahmood Ebrahimi, and Shahab Noori Patent Ductus Arteriosus ..............................161
Shahab Noori
Chapter 5
M-Mode Echocardiography and 2D Cardiac Chapter 12
Measurements ...............................................71 Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension in Newborn
Merujan Uzunyan and Lindsey Miller Infants: Assessment of Pulmonary Artery
Pressure ......................................................177
Chapter 6 Tina A. Leone
Pulsed Wave, Continuous-Wave, and
Color Flow Doppler in Assessment of Chapter 13
Regurgitant Flow a nd M ea surement of Pressure Desaturation and Cyanosis in the Newborn Infant
Gradients ......................................................85 without Congenital Heart Disease ..................191
Merujan Uzunyan and Lindsey Miller Tina A. Leone
v
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vi Contents
Chapter 14 Chapter 16
Aneurysm of Ductus Arteriosus, Cardiomyopathies, Overview of Fetal Echocardiography ...............259
and Aortopulmonary Collaterals .....................217 Ruben J. Acherman and William N. Evans
Ruben J. Acherman and William N. Evans
Index .............................................................................279
Chapter 15
Suspecting Congenital Heart Disease ............235
Bijan Siassi, Mahmood Ebrahimi, and Ruben J.
Acherman
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Contributors
Apichai Khongphatthanayothin, MD Pierre C. Wong, MD
Pediatric Cardiologist, LAC-USC Medical Center Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern Director, Echocardiography Lab and Cardiac Pathology Registry
California Children, Echocardiography Lab
Los Angeles, California Los Angeles, California
Chief of Paediatric Cardiology
Bangkok General Hospital Ruben J. Acherman, MD
Professor of Pediatrics Professor of Clinical Pediatrics
Chulalongkorn University University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine
Bangkok, Thailand Director of Fetal Cardiology
Childrens Heart Center Nevada
Bijan Siassi, MD Las Vegas, Nevada
Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Radiology
Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern Shahab Noori, MD, MS CBTI, RDCS
California Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Los Angeles, California Keck School of Medicine
University of Southern California
Lindsey Miller, MD Fetal and Neonatal Institute
Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology
Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
California Los Angeles, California
Los Angeles, California
Shilpa Patil, MD
Mahmood Ebrahimi, MD, RDCS Attending Neonatologist
Instructor of Clinical Pediatrics East Bay Newborn Specialists
Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland
California Oakland, California
Los Angeles, California
Tai Wei Wu, MD
Merujan Uzunyan, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern
Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
California Fetal and Neonatal Institute
Director, Pediatric Cardiology Division of Neonatology
LAC+USC Medical Center Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California Los Angeles, California
vii
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viii Contributors
Tina A. Leone, MD William N. Evans, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics Professor of Clinical Pediatrics
Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine
New York-Presbyterian, Morgan Stanley Children’s Co-Director
Hospital Childrens Heart Center Nevada
New York, New York Las Vegas, Nevada
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Preface
Echocardiography is the predominant bedside, noninva- of echocardiograms are included: (available at http://
sive method of assessing cardiac structure and function. PracticalNeonatalEcho.com). In this book, we present the
Although originally developed as a diagnostic tool for core knowledge relevant to training physicians in point-
cardiologists, recently it has been increasingly used across of-care echocardiography for neonates. Although the
different specialties for acute patient care. The utility of book is primarily intended for neonatologists, it can serve
point-of-care echocardiography has been demonstrated by as a resource for other professionals interested in neonatal
neonatologists in neonatal intensive care units. Training in echocardiography.
echocardiography is a complex process that, in addition to We dedicate this work to the neonatologists who in
thorough theoretical knowledge, requires extensive hands- spite of many obstacles have the passion to pursue the
on training to acquire the all-important technical skills. learning of this technique.
Over the past 18 years, our group has been involved
in presenting an annual course on functional echocar- Bijan Siassi
diography for neonatologists. The lectures and presenta- Shahab Noori
tions in these courses provide the basis of this work. The Ruben J. Acherman
book is extensively illustrated, and relevant video clips Pierre C. Wong
ix
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