Table Of ContentPractical Microstrip and
Printed Antenna Design
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Practical Microstrip and
Printed Antenna Design
Anil Pandey
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
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ISBN-13: 978-1-63081-668-1
Cover design by John Gomes
© 2019 Artech House
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To my father and mother, B. P. Pandey and B .D. Pandey
and to my family, my wife Shraddha Pandey, my daughter Anushka Pandey,
and my son Atharva Pandey
Contents
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxi
CHAPTER 1
Printed Antennas 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Types of Printed Antennas 2
1.2.1 Microstrip Antenna 2
1.2.2 Slot Antenna 2
1.2.3 Inverted-F Antenna 3
1.2.4 Planar Inverted-F Antenna 3
1.2.5 Printed Dipole Antenna 4
1.2.6 Monopole Antenna 4
1.2.7 Printed Inductor Antenna 4
1.2.8 Printed Quasi-Yagi Antenna 5
1.2.9 Log-Periodic and Fractal Antenna 5
1.2.10 Customized Printed Antenna 6
1.2.11 Comparison of Planar Antennas 6
1.3 Important Specifications of Antenna Design 8
1.3.1 Operating Frequency 8
1.3.2 Impedance 8
1.3.3 Return Loss and VSWR 8
1.3.4 Radiation Pattern 9
1.3.5 Directivity and Gain 10
1.3.6 Antenna Efficiency 11
1.3.7 Bandwidth 11
1.3.8 Half-Power Beamwidth 11
1.3.9 Sidelobes 11
1.3.10 Polarization 11
1.4 Analysis and Simulation Software for Antenna Design 12
1.4.1 Transmission-Line Circuit Model 12
1.4.2 Cavity Model 12
1.4.3 Full-Wave Analysis Technique 13
1.4.4 Comparison between MOM, FEM, and FDTD 16
1.5 RF and Microwave Frequency Band and Applications 17
vii
viii Contents
1.6 Overview of the Book 19
References 22
Selected Bibliography 24
CHAPTER 2
Microstrip Antenna Design 27
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 Microstrip Antenna 27
2.2.1 Microstrip Antenna Working Principle 28
2.2.2 Microstrip Antenna Design Process 30
2.2.3 Radiating Element Design of Microstrip Antenna 31
2.2.4 Criteria for the Substrate Selection 32
2.2.5 Losses in Microstrip Antennas 33
2.3 Feed Techniques for Single-Element 34
2.3.1 Microstrip Line Feed 34
2.3.2 Coaxial Feed 35
2.3.3 Aperture-Coupled Feed 35
2.3.4 Proximity- or Electromagnetically Coupled Feed 36
2.4 Design and EM Simulation of Microstrip Antennas 37
2.4.1 Design Process 37
2.4.2 Feed-Point Location of a Single Patch Antenna 37
2.4.3 Microstrip Patch Antenna Design Parameters 38
2.4.4 Patch Antenna Design and Analysis Result at 2.4 GHz 39
2.4.5 Coaxial-Fed Patch Antenna for Coal Mines 40
2.5 Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antennas 42
2.5.1 Single-Fed Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna 42
2.5.2 Dual-Orthogonal Fed Circularly Polarized Patch 44
2.6 Antenna Measurements 45
2.6.1 S-Parameter and Input Impedance 46
2.6.2 Radiation Pattern Measurements 47
2.7 Summary 47
References 48
Selected Bibliography 49
CHAPTER 3
Antenna Design for Wireless Communication and Mobile Phones 51
3.1 Introduction 51
3.2 Mobile Communication Standards 52
3.3 Mobile Phone Antennas 53
3.4 Multiband Antenna Design for Mobile Phones 54
3.4.1 Feeding Structures 54
3.5 Dual-Band Monopole Antenna Design for WLAN 55
3.5.1 Antenna Design 55
3.5.2 Mathematical Modeling 58
3.5.3 Antenna Design Parametric Study 59
Contents ix
3.5.4 Simulated Result of the Optimized Design 61
3.6 Inverted-F Bluetooth Antenna 63
3.7 LTE Band PIFA 65
3.8 MIMO Antenna Design for LTE Mobile Terminals 67
3.9 Mobile Antenna Performance with Components and Standard
Anthropomorphic Model Head 70
3.9.1 Cross-Talk of Bluetooth Antenna with MIMO Antenna 71
References 73
CHAPTER 4
Smartphone Antenna Design Compliances and Measurement 77
4.1 Introduction 77
4.2 Design Challenges in Smartphone Systems 78
4.3 Smartphone Antenna Simulation Workflow 79
4.4 Smart Antenna System Using the MIMO and Diversity Technique 79
4.4.1 MIMO Antenna Configuration 80
4.4.2 Antenna Diversity 81
4.4.3 MIMO Antenna Design Challenges 82
4.4.4 Antenna Diversity Simulation and Measurement 83
4.4.5 Antenna Diversity Modeling 83
4.5 Mobile Phone Compliances and Measurement 86
4.5.1 EMC and EMI Compliance 86
4.5.2 HAC Compliance 86
4.5.3 SAR Compliance 87
4.6 HAC 87
4.6.1 M and T Ratings 88
4.6.2 HAC Measurement 88
4.7 SAR 89
4.7.1 SAR Testing 90
4.7.2 SAR Measurement 92
4.8 EMI and EMC in Mobile Phones 93
4.8.1 EMC Simulation Model 95
4.8.2 EMI Simulation Model 97
4.9 Summary 99
References 99
Selected Bibliography 101
CHAPTER 5
Reconfigurable Frequency and Polarization Diversity Antennas 103
5.1 Introduction 103
5.2 Reconfigurable Antennas 104
5.2.1 Electrically Reconfigurable Antenna 105
5.2.2 Frequency-Reconfigurable Antenna 105
5.2.3 Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna 105
5.2.4 Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna 106
